1,720,993 research outputs found
Group Influence in Sharing Experiments
No full textWe experimentally study how group identity and social influence affect proposers and recipients in
Ultimatum and Impunity Games. To induce group identity and social effects, we assign individuals to
different color groups and inform them about the median choice of their own group. When testing the
relevance of this social signal for intentions and decisions we distinguish uni- and bi-dimensional behavior,
the latter to let individuals select on which rule of conduct of the others to condition own behavior. When
disagreement and conflicting views are possible, coordinating with group behavior may be less important
and individuals may prefer self-serving. The bi-dimensional design apparently allows for more variety:
tracking both group medians, only one or none.
Social influence significantly affects behavior in Ultimatum but has much weaker impact in Impunity
experiments. Social information seems to act in two ways: as a coordination device and as a learning device.
However, the marginal impact of the signal and the direction of its influence is strongly role dependent.We present laboratory experiments showing how induced group identity and social effects influence proposers and recipients in Ultimatum and Impunity games. To induce group identity and social effects, we assign individuals to different color groups and inform them about median choices in their own group. When testing the relevance of this social signal for intentions and decisions we distinguish uni- and bi-dimensional medians, the latter letting individuals select whether to condition own behavior on others’ proposer or response attitude. When disagreement and conflicting views are possible, aligning with group behavior may be less important and individuals may become self-serving.
Bi-dimensional medians allow for more variety: tracking both group medians, only one or none. Social influence significantly affects strategic behavior in Ultimatum but has much weaker impact in Impunity, which elicits how intrinsic intentions are influenced. Social information seems to enhance conforming with others and learning. However, the marginal influence of the signal its direction is strongly role dependent
Experimental evidence of behavioral improvement by learning and intermediate advice
No full textThis paper attempts to empirically assess how advice may reduce suboptimality in a portfolio choice experiment with risk-neutral participants induced via binary lottery incentives. Previous studies (---2017 and 2018) with a larger set of choice tasks report overwhelming evidence of suboptimality and how it is slightly reduced by learning and experience.
Participants confront 15 randomly ordered portfolio choices, which they experience again in two successive phases. Intermediate advice between phases alerts participants that less-risky investments can improve the outcome for at least one chance event without harming their success chances in the other random event. Compared to the pure choice treatment, another cognitively more demanding treatment additionally asks participants to form event-specific success aspirations that allow us to test satisficing and its optimality. The results show that intermediate advice increases the share of satisficing but not of optimal behavior beyond learning through experience. However, it significantly lowers the average distance from optimality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays on Economic Psychology. With 20 Figures
No full textThe chapters in this book have been written, reviewed and revised by psychologists
and economists united by their interest in the dialogue between the two disciplines.
The idea of contributing to this volume came up when the authors cooperated
during a period of three weeks in the teaching staff of a summer school of the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP). Each of the three workshops of the summer school running over 20 days and focusing
on economic policy, consumer behavior, and entrepreneurial behavior was
conducted by a professor of economics and a professor of psychology. Thus, there
was a clear necessity and ample opportunity for an interdisciplinary dialogue. Of
course, the chapters do not cover the whole field of economic psychology, but represent selected topics of the authors' research activities which are of a more general interest to psychologists, economists, or other social scientists who want to or have to deal with economic behavior in research, teaching, or consulting. An encouraging sign of the rapprochement of psychology and economics is provided by
the fact that there are a number of chapters in the book in which the reader can not
easily tell whether the author is (or was originally) an economist or a psychologist.
We hope that crossing the borders between psychology and economics in both directions is encouraged by the book and that it contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of people's reactions to events and structural changes in the economic environment and of people's production of the economic environment and its changes.
Finally, we want to thank Christian Miiller and Sandra Kopfberger for their assistance
in our editorial work. They proved to be very careful and skilled in putting the manuscripts into a unified format, compiling the subject and author indices and checking the lists of references.unknownunknow
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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