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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
항암치료를 위한 그래핀 기반 나노시트의 응용연구
Full text link학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 약학과, 2014. 8. 오유경.그래핀 기반 나노시트(GNS)는 항암치료제 분야에서 신규하고 강력한 나노약물로서 출현해왔다. 우선, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜을 접목한 그래핀 옥사이드(pGO)는 광감작제인 콜린 e6 (Ce6)의 세포 내 전달 효과를 현저히 증강시켰으며, 생체 내 안정성 또한 그래핀 옥사이드 나노시트에 비해 높음을 보여줬다. 게다가 Ce6/Dox/pGO는 증강된 콜로이드성 안정성을 보여주고, 생체내 안정성을 개선시켜주며, 독소루비신(Dox)의 적재 용량을 증강시킬 뿐만 아니라, 세포내 전달 효율도 높인다. KB 종양세포를 이식한 실험쥐의 분자영상을 촬영한 결과 CHA-rGO/Dox가 눈에 띄게 높은 종양 조직 내 축적효과를 보였고, 다른 그룹에 비해 높은 종양성장 억제 효과를 보였다. 세번째로 광반응성 탄소 나노 소재의 구조에 따른 생물학적 특성을 연구했다. 비이온성 계면 활성제인 폴록사머 407로 표면을 코팅한 단층 나노튜브(PSWCNT)와 폴록사머 407로 코팅된 그래핀 나노시트(PGNS)는 유사한 물리적 안정성을 보이고, 808nm 근적외선(NIR) 레이저 조사 후 열용량 또한 유사함을 보였다. PGNS 처리한 종양 세포들이 PSWCNT처리한 종양 세포들에 비하여 보다 많은 양의 나노시트를 흡수하였으며, 그 결과 레이저 조사 후 높은 비율로 암세포들이 죽었다. 게다가 PGNS는 PSWCNT보다 혈액에서 2.2배 오래 순환하였으며, SCC7종양 조직에 더 많이 축적되었다. NIR 조사 결과 다른 그룹과 달리 PGNS 처리한 그룹에서 종양조직이 완전히 제거되었다. 마지막으로 CHA-rGO를 근적외선 염료 ICG의 표적 항암 전달체로 사용하였다. ICG를 CHA-rGO에 탑재하면 ICG 단독 사용 했을 때보다 높은 광안정성을 보였고, NIR 레이저 조사에 따른 광열 효과 또한 높여졌다. 종양세포를 이식한 실험쥐에 CHA-rGO/ICG를 투여했을 때 종양 조직에서 국소적으로 온도가 가장 높았고, 그 결과 종양이 제거되었다. 결론적으로 GNS 다양한 화학 약물의 신규한 전달체로서 사용될 수 있으며, 표면 개질 GNS는 광열치료를 통한 항암 치료제로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다.Graphene-based nanosheets (GNS) have emerged as novel and potent nanomedicines for cancer treatment. First, the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets was chemically modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG), and as-prepared PEG-grafted graphene oxide (pGO) showed significantly enhanced cellular delivery of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and much higher safety than GO nanosheets in vivo. Moreover, Ce6/Dox/pGO could accumulate in SCC7 tumor tissues and subsequently showed improved synergistic anticancer effect. Second, cholestryl hyaluronic acid-coated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (CHA-rGO) were fabricated for tumor targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. As compared to plain rGO, CHA-rGO nanosheets showed increased colloidal stability under physiological conditions, improved in vivo safety, and enhanced loading capacity and cellular delivery efficiency of Dox. Molecular imaging of KB tumor-bearing mice indicated that CHA-rGO/Dox showed remarkable higher tumor tissue accumulation and greater tumor growth inhibition effect than other groups. Third, the effect of structure on the biological properties of photoresponsive carbon nanomaterials was investigated. Poloxamer 407-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (PSWCNT) and poloxamer 407-functionalized graphene nanosheets (PGNS) exhibited similar physical stability and heating capacities after irradiation with an 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. However, cancer cells treated with PGNS took up a higher quantity of the nanosheets than of the PSWCNT and displayed a higher rate of cancer cell killing upon laser irradiation. In addition, PGNS could circulate in the blood 2.2 times longer than that of the PSWCNT, and accumulate in the SCC7 tumor tissues to a greater degree than did PSWCNT. NIR irradiation resulted in the complete ablation of tumor tissues in the PGNS-treated group but not in the other groups. Last, CHA-rGO was utilized as tumor targeted delivery system for a NIR dye, ICG. CHA-rGO-loaded ICG showed substantially increased photo-stability and photothermal efficacy upon NIR laser irradiation than did free ICG. CHA-rGO/ICG nanophysisorplexes treated tumor-bearing mice displayed the highest tumor local temperature and subsequent tumor ablation. In conclusion, GNS can be used as novel delivery vehicles for various chemical drugs and surface-engineered GNS would be a potent modality of photothermal therapy for cancer treatment.Abstract i
Contents iv
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations xi
Chapter I. Overview
1. Introduction 2
2. Biomedical applications of graphene-based materials 6
3. GNS as novel nanomaterials for anticancer therapy 12
4. Scope of the studies 22
5. References 24
Chapter II. Safety and tumor tissue accumulation of pegylated graphene oxide nanosheets for co-delivery of anticancer drug and photosensitizer
1. Introduction 42
2. Materials and methods 44
3. Results 51
4. Discussion 67
5. References 74
Chapter III. Cholesteryl hyaluronic acid-coated, reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for anticancer drug delivery
1. Introduction 81
2. Materials and methods 83
3. Results 91
4. Discussion 109
5. References 114
Chapter IV. Structure-dependent photothermal anticancer effects of carbon-based photoresponsive nanomaterials
1. Introduction 120
2. Materials and methods 122
3. Results 129
4. Discussion 147
5. References 151
Chapter V. Graphene nanosheets loaded with indocyanine green for targeted and enhanced photothermal anticancer therapy
1. Introduction 157
2. Materials and methods 159
3. Results 165
4. Discussion 181
5. References 185
Summary 190
국문초록 195Docto
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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