1,720,979 research outputs found
Gods and Monsters: Image and Cognition in Neolithic Societies
No full textImages have long been accorded a privileged role in the interpretation of prehistoric ritual and belief systems. For Jacques Cauvin, they formed the basis of an argument that the origins of agriculture in the Neolithic Near East were contingent upon a conceptual revolution in hunter-gatherer societies : the ‘ birth of the gods’. The present article considers more recent efforts to incorporate perspectives from cognitive psychology into the interpretation of Neolithic imagery, with particular emphasis upon the interpretation of composite fi gures, comprising incongruous elements of human and/ or animal anatomy. Was ‘ the birth of the gods’ also, in any sense, ‘ the birth of monsters’, and if not, then to what kind of ‘ cultural ecology’ do these strange composites belong ?On a longtemps attribué aux représentations un rôle privilégié pour interpréter les rites et systèmes de croyances préhistoriques. Pour J. Cauvin, elles ont constitué le point de départ d’un débat selon lequel les origines de l’agriculture au Néolithique du Proche-Orient étaient liées à une révolution conceptuelle dans les sociétés de cueilleurs-chasseurs, la naissance des divinités. L’article examine les recherches récentes qui s’attachent à intégrer les approches fondées sur la psychologie cognitive dans l’interprétation de l’iconographie néolithique, en mettant l’accent sur les représentations composites comprenant des éléments de l’anatomie humaine et animale. La naissance des divinités était-elle aussi, dans un certain sens, celle des monstres et sinon à quelle sorte d’écologie culturelle appartiennent ces étranges créatures composites ?Wengrow David. Gods and Monsters: Image and Cognition in Neolithic Societies . In: Paléorient, 2011, vol. 37, n°1. Néolithisations : nouvelles données, nouvelles interprétations. À propos du modèle théorique de Jacques Cauvin. pp. 153-163
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Camouflage, Zoomorphism, and the Origins of Image-Making
Get PDFIn my paper I will consider camouflage as a possible primary source for image-making and the creation of social worlds in and through the use of such images. In camouflage, I will argue, we find competences at work that are essential for image making and interaction by means of them: the ability to create and display forms that refer to something else, and to recognize shapes as such, for instance. Camouflage also shares important functions and features with man-made images: that of visual persuasion for instance, closely connected to the dynamics of display, and it raises interesting questions about the relation between competence and comprehension
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Image, Thought, and the Making of Social Worlds
Get PDFWhat is the status and role of image systems in human culture
and history? This volume presents original studies examining the
complex interplay between images, thought processes, and the
making of social worlds from the pre-Columbian Americas to the
ancient Mediterranean and early China. Moving beyond a notion
of images as “merely illustrative” of propositions expressed in language or writing these studies draw insights from the civilisations
of Amazonia, Oceania, and Central Africa to reveal the autonomy
of image systems as intellectual devices in their own right, and
their enduring role in the development of human societies across
the traditional divide of “oral” and “literate” cultures
Predynastic Art
Get PDF“Predynastic art” describes a range of visual imagery and ornamental forms attested in Egypt and Lower Nubia from c.4000 - 3300 BCE. The known corpus comprises a rich variety of figural and non-figural designs, often applied to functional objects that were widely available, such as cosmetic palettes, ceramic vessels, and combs. Free-standing figurines are also known, as are occasional examples of large-scale painting and sculpture. Such images were a pervasive feature of Egyptian social life prior to the formation of the dynastic state, when elaborate personal display appears to have become a prerogative of elite groups
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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