1,721,143 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Self, the Other and the Semiotic chora in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses
No full text本論文援引拉岡及克莉斯蒂娃之精神分析理論，探討喬伊思的兩部小說:《一個年輕藝術家的畫像》及《尤利西斯》。筆者認為在喬伊思文本中，符號界與象徵界之間劇烈的辦證過程，既是符號的力量，也是對母親身體的執迷。而體現於喬伊思多變文體中，母親的身體是高度不安定的恐怖力量，卻也是創作過程不可或缺的火種。
藉由拉岡的鏡像理論，筆者試圖探討喬伊思在《一個年輕藝術家的畫像》中對主體形成的創見及小說中對史蒂芬的批判。筆者認為，喬伊思早期作品中對語言及體制的高度自覺，可視為對父親之名與律法的反動。在《一個年輕藝術家的畫像中》，這種隱而不顯的慾望常隱藏在文本細節中，而到了《尤利西斯》，經由小說形式與語言的實驗以及對布魯姆夫婦不尋常的人物刻劃，相當成功地顛覆了父權社會的單一邏輯。
在討論《尤利西斯》的過程中，筆者挪用克莉斯蒂娃的詩語言、宮籟及賤斥等論述，企圖探究《尤利西斯》文本中一字多義、恣意斷裂、繁複等特色。筆者同時認為，《尤利西斯》的最後一章，相當程度的呈現陰性語言的韻律及對母親身體的想像。Abstract
This thesis seeks to explore the semiotic traces in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses with the hope to map Joyce''s increasing tendency to embrace the unnamable semiotic, which is foregrounded not so much to threaten as to nourish an artist''s imagination. It is my hope to demonstrate the constant tensions between the Symbolic and the semiotic in Joyce''s texts. To borrow Kristeva''s words, I hope to show that in Joyce''s text "language and its rhythm [are] never one without the other, and [artistic] formulation will continue as long as the struggle does" (Kristeva 1980, 29). In so doing, I hope to read Joyce''s texts, especially Ulysses, as signifying practice Kristeva proposes-- to "demystify...the community of language as a universal and unifying tool, one which totalizes and equalizes" (Kristeva 1986, 210) and to demonstrate "the multiplicity of every person''s possible identifications" (Kristeva 1986, 210), acted out by Bloom and Molly.
Lacan’s theorization of the Symbolic order enables us to read Stephen Dedalus’s psyche in A Portrait of the Artist as an Young Man as a subject of Cartesian cogito, and thereby uncovering Joyce’s critique of Stephen’s assumptions of art and life. It is not difficult for us to see that Stephen’s growth fits quite neatly to Lacan’s early theorization of the mirror stage. By tracing Stephen’s growth as a budding artist in A Portrait, we can discover a trajectory of Stephen’s subject formation as a process of further entanglement with the symbolic order, which dominates Stephen''s imagination with a network of signifiers.
After invoking Lacan''s psychoanalytic insights, I draw on Kristeva’s theorization of the semiotic. Kristeva’s engagement in unraveling the process of abjection extends dimension to Lacan’s subject theory. In my opinion, her theory can help me to discuss the indeterminacy of Joyce’s language and the unnamable jouissance inherent in Joyce’s writing. In “poetic language,” Kristeva discovers the signifying process constituted by a dialectical interaction between the symbolic and the semiotic. Kristeva’s unique reading of language points to the gap of language which has the power to subvert the rigidity of the “signifying system” proposed by Lacan. If Kristeva’s semiotic is more important to my thesis, it is not due to my stronger belief in her theory instead of Lacan’s. Rather, it is due to the fact that the language in Ulysses often points to the possibility of such a semiotic reading. I propose to investigate Joyce’s implicit desire in A Portrait of the Artist as an Young Man and Ulysses as an attempt to explore the scope beyond the Symbolic. In my thesis, I underscore the mother as a powerful authority to battle with the Symbolic order in Joyce''s texts. Further, by investigating the maternal traces Joyce presents in these two novels, I discover mother in Joyce’s text a valuable space for me to see how Joyce pushes the boundary of the symbolic towards the semiotic.Table of Contents
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction: Self, the Other and the Semiotic in A Portrait and Ulysses 1
Chapter One: Stephen as an other to himself 17
1. Baby Tuckoo in the Mirror 17
2. Stephen Goes to School 21
3. Stephen’s Desire as the Other’s Desire 32
Chapter Two: Stephen in mourning 40
1. Art as the Saving Grace 40
2. Dialectics between the Symbolic and the Semiotic 46
3. Womb and Milk 54
Chapter Three: Bloom is a Jew 61
1. "the Citizen" and the Jew 62
2. Bloom as Irish/ Transgressing the Abjection 70
3. ShakespeareBloomStephen 77
Chapter Four: Woman as the other 84
1. Women in Dublin 84
2. A Feminist Text from a "Masculinist" Author 92
3. Molly''s Style 99
Conclusion: Going beyond the Symbolic 10
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyanoacrylic Carboxyl Group-Containing Conjugated Molecules and Their Application in P3HT/TiO2 Layered Heterojunction as Interface Modifiers
No full text本研究中，為了改善有機/無機界面的相容性，合成出一系列全共軛分子做為界面改質劑，應用於聚己基噻吩/二氧化鈦層狀異質界面中。而為了避免改質劑對於界面的電荷分離與傳輸產生阻礙，界面改質劑的LUMO能階應位於聚己基噻吩與二氧化鈦之間。為達成此目標，在合成設計中，我們利用增加噻吩環數及導入donor-acceptor系統的概念，降低共軛分子的能隙值，並導入氰基丙烯酸基來達到降低LUMO的目的。合成部份以Kumada coupling與Stille coupling進行噻吩寡聚物與並苯二唑噻吩寡聚物的合成，再以Vilsmeier-Haack reaction在單邊導入醛基，最後以Knoevenagel condensation將氰基丙烯酸基導入分子中。 經核磁共振光譜與質譜的鑑定，證實界面改質劑確實被成功的合成及純化。由紫外/可見光吸收光譜也觀察到最大吸收波長隨環數增加有明顯紅位移，顯示能隙值逐漸下降的趨勢。利用循環伏安法測量界面改質劑之HOMO，搭配能隙值計算後，發現LUMO確實明顯降低，使改質劑之LUMO低於聚己基噻吩。此外，我們製備緻密二氧化鈦薄膜，作為層狀異質接面之電子受體，此緻密二氧化鈦薄膜採用噴霧裂解法製備，於450oC下燒結，二氧化鈦薄膜之晶型以XRD鑑定為anatse，表面型態則以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察，發現其表面極為平坦。接著將界面改質劑以自組裝單層膜的方式鍵結於二氧化鈦基材上，自組裝單層膜以EDX鑑定，顯示表面確實有改質劑分子的存在。並以接觸角量測觀察表面改質情形，發現改質後，二氧化鈦基材表面接觸角大於55o，呈現疏水性質。利用聚己基噻吩塗佈於改質過之二氧化鈦基材表面，製備聚己基噻吩/二氧化鈦雙層異質接面結構，經由螢光光譜的測量顯示，隨改質劑分子能隙縮減與LUMO的降低，螢光焠滅效率漸增，顯示此一改變，確實能增加高分子與二氧化鈦之間的photo-induced charge transfer效率。In this study, a series of fully-conjugated molecules were synthesized and used as interface modifier (IM) to enhance the compatibility of PTs and TiO2. In order to prevent the charge separation and transport between the interface was blocked by IM, the LUMO level of IMs should between the LUMO of PTs and the conduction band of TiO2. For this reason, the bandgap of IMs were decreased by either increasing the number of thiophene rings or establishing a donor-acceptor structure. In addition, cyanoacrylic carboxyl group was introduced to the molecule structure of IMs. The electron-withdrawing group effectively decreases the LUMO and carboxyl moiety provides anchoring sites to binding with TiO2. The synthesis of IMs involves the synthesis of thiophene oligomers and thiophene derivate of bezothiadiazole by Kumada and Suzuki coupling. Then, Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was adopted to perform one-side formylation of conjugated molecules. Finally, a cyanoacrylic carboxyl group was introduced into the molecular structure by Knoevenagel condensation. The as-synthesized IMs were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. The UV/Vis absorption of IMs showed a visible red-shift with increasing thiophene rings, implying the decrease of bandgap. The HOMO level of IMs were determined by cyclic voltammetry and the LUMO level of these IMs were then calculated from the summation of HOMO and bandgap. The results indicated the LUMO of W-2, W-3 and W-4 were lower than that of P3HT. Then, the IMs were used as functional molecules to form self-assembled monolayers on a flat titania thin film. The flat dense-TiO2 thin film was made using spray-pyrolysis method of titanium precursor, followed by calcination at 450oC. Crystallization and morphology of the dense-TiO2 thin film was examined by XRD and scanning electron microscopy. The properties of SAMs were characterized using EDX and contact angle measurements. After being modified by IMs, the contact angle increased from approximate 0o to 55o, indicating the TiO2 surface became hydrophobic. Subsequently, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was spin-coated on top of the IM-covered TiO2 substrate to form a bilayer heterojunction. The PL spectra and quenching efficiency measurements of the thus-prepared heterojunction indicated the decrease of bandgap and LUMO level of cyanoacrylic carboxyl group-containing molecules enhances the photo-induced charge transfer efficiency between polymer and titania.誌謝 I要 IIIbstract IV錄 VI目錄 IX目錄 XII一章 緒論 1.1 前言 1.2 太陽能的發展沿革 2.3 研究動機與方法 3二章 文獻回顧 7.1 共軛高分子太陽能電池的發展沿革 7.1.1 Single Layer structure(Schottky Type) 7.1.2 Bilayer Heterojunction Structure 8.1.3 Bulk Heterjunction Structure 9.2 自組裝單層膜(Self-assembled Monolayer, SAM)及其在有機/無機異質界面太陽能電池的應用 16.2.1 自組裝單層膜 16.2.1 自組裝單層膜在異質界面之應用 18.3 能帶理論(Energy Band Theory)與共軛高分子 25三章 實驗 31.1 實驗藥品 31.2 實驗儀器 36.3 界面連接劑(Donor-Acceptor Linkers)之合成 38.3.1 Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (W-1) 38.3.2 Synthesis of 3-(2,2''-bithiophen-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (W-2) 40.3.3 Synthesis of 3-(2,2'';5’,2”-terthiophen-5-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (W-3) 43.3.4 Synthesis of 2-cyano-3-(5-(7-(thiophen-2-yl)benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (W-4) 47.4 聚己基噻吩(P3HT)之合成 52.4.1 Synthesis of 3-hexylthiophene 52.4.2 Synthesis of 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene 53.4.3 Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) 54.5 二氧化鈦基材之製備 55.5.1 ITO玻璃之準備與清洗 55.5.2 二氧化鈦前驅物之配置 55.5.3 使用spray pyrolysis法製備dense-TiO2/ITO基材 55.5.4 使用氧電漿(oxygen plasma)清洗dense-TiO2/ITO基材 55.6 界面改質劑之自組裝單層膜的製備 56.7 界面改質劑鍵結於二氧化鈦基材表面含量之測定 56.7.1 熱重分析(Thermogravimetry Analysis, TGA) 56.8 使用循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry, CV)測定界面改質劑之氧化電位 57四章 結果與討論 58.1 界面改質劑之合成分析 58.1.1噻吩寡聚物與並苯二唑噻吩衍生物的合成 59.1.2噻吩寡聚物與並苯二唑噻吩衍生物的formylation 61.1.3 Knoevenagel condensation 62.2 聚己基噻吩之合成與分析 64.3 界面改質劑之光學與電化學性質分析 67.3.1 紫外/可見光吸收光譜分析 67.3.2 循環伏安分析法 70.4 二氧化鈦基材之鑑定 75.5 自組裝單層膜與吸附量分析 78.5.1 界面改質劑鍵結於二氧化鈦表面之元素分析 78.5.2 自組裝單層膜接觸角量測 79.5.3 界面改質劑鍵結於二氧化鈦之含量分析 80.6 層狀混成材料性質分析 83五章 結論 85考文獻 86錄一 1H NMR圖譜 91錄二 13C NMR圖譜 109錄三 W系列界面改質劑分子之質譜 11
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