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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Microbial sufate/sulfide removal cells: electricity performance and mechanism
No full text因為惡臭ヽ腐蝕性以及對生物的毒性，含硫廢水被廣泛地引起重視。在這個研究中,吾人利用硫酸鹽還原菌群來啟動微生物硫化物去除電池, 並且透過更換人工廢水配方以及線性掃描伏安法ヽ循環伏安法ヽ交流阻抗分析等電化學方法去研究其產電機制。
實驗結果顯示, 大部分在微生物硫化物去除電池中的細菌並不能直接的利用固態電極當成它的電子接受者, 需要透過硫酸根/硫化物當作單一方向的電子中介體, 才能把它的電子傳遞到電極上。首先, 透過乳酸當作電子提供者, 硫酸鹽還原菌把硫酸鹽還原成硫化物, 硫化物會攜帶著電子到鄰近的硫化物氧化菌, 被它氧化成元素硫沉積在電極上並且丟出電子給電極。 在三天的批次實驗中, 多達77.9 % 的硫酸根可以被轉化成元素硫並且同時有300 mV 的電壓輸出(外接電阻為1000 ohm)。
這些沉積的元素硫有回收再利用的可能性, 讓微生物硫化物去除電池能夠在處理含硫廢水並且產電的同時, 更具成本效益。 並且可以將此技術與其他新興的生物電化學技術做結合, 可以更進一步產出像是氫氣ヽ過氧化氫或是鹼性液體等有較高價值的化學品, 或者像是海水淡化等一般需要高耗能高成本的程序，進一步提升此技術的競爭性
此外, 吾人還另外研究了不同接踵策略對微生物硫化物去除電池的影響。結果顯示，接踵處於對數生長期的硫酸鹽還原菌群到反應器中並且啟動時, 不論是啟動成功率ヽ穩定性以及電壓輸出都有顯著的提升。然而，此假說尚須更進一步研究去佐證。Sulfur-containing wastewater has received many attentions due to the corrosive, toxic and stinking properties of sulfide. This work startup microbial sulfate/sulfide removal cells (MSRC) using sulfate reducing bacteria consortia. Mechanism of electricity production is also been studied by means of changing recipe of media or electrochemical analysis methods, including linear sweep voltammetry(LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
The result showed that most of the bacteria in MSRC can’t directly use solid anode as electron acceptor. They need to utilize sulfate/sulfide as a single direction electron mediator. Firstly, the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) used lactate as electron donor and reduced the sulfate to sulfide, which was then oxidized to deposited elementary sulfur (S0) by neighboring sulfide oxide bacteria (SOB) and delivered the electron to the electrode. With this process, both sulfate and sulfide can be converted to S0 via SRB and SOB with a maximum 77.9 % conversion rate with stable 300 mV voltage outputs based on 1000 ohm external resistance in 3 days tests.
The deposited S0 can be potentially recycled as a resource, which lead the MSRC to be a more cost-effective technology to treat sulfate/sulfide laden wastewater with electricity production simultaneously. By combination of MSRC and other technologies based on bioelectrochemcial system, more valued added process or product can be obtained such as hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, caustic solution or desalination of sea water.
Furthermore, different strategies to startup MSRC were also been tested. The start-up rate, stability and electricity performance can be largely raised with strategy to inoculate the pre-culture sulfate reducing consortia in log phase at MSRC startup. However, further research is needed to support this hypothesis.ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
Abstract II
中文摘要 III
Table of contents IV
List of figures VIII
List of tables XI
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Literature review 2
2-1 History of Bioelectrochemcial system (BES) 2
2-2 Working Principle of MFC 2
2-3 Fundamental of voltage generation in MFC 4
2-3-1 electromotive force 4
2-3-2 voltage Losses in MFC 5
2-3-2-1 Intracellular overpotential 6
2-3-2-2 Extracellular overpotential 6
2-3-2-3 Activation overpotential 7
2-3-3-4 Concentration overpotential 7
2-3-3-5 Ohmic potential losses 8
2-4 Internal resistance Analysis 9
2-4-1 Polarization slope method and power density peak method 10
2-4-2 From structure 12
2-4-3 From equivalent circuit 12
2-5 MFC eet Mechanism 13
2-5-1 Mechanism 1 : Direct contact 14
2-5-2 Mechanism 2: electron shuttle 14
2-5-3 Mechanism 3: Solid conductive matrix 16
2-6 Further potential application of MFC 17
2-6-1 Microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) 17
2-6-2 Chemical production from MFC 18
2-6-3 Microbial Desalination cells (MDC) 19
2-6-3-1 Reverse electrodialysis (RED) 20
2-6-3-2 Microbial reverse- electrodialysis cells (MRC) 21
2-6-4 Microbial sulfate/sulfide removal cells (MSRC) 22
2-6-4-1 The source and harm of sulfur-Laden wastewater 22
2-6-4-2 Microbial sulfate/sulfide removal cells (MSRC) 23
Chapter 3. Materials & Methods 25
3-1 Experimental materials 25
3-1-1 Inoculation source and media preparation 25
3-1-2 MFC Design 27
3-1-3 Electrode Preparations 28
3-1-4 Cathodic solution 28
3-1-5 Data Acquisition system 29
3-1-6 Potentialstats and power supply 29
3-2 Experimental Methods 30
3-2-1 Electrochemical analysis 30
3-2-1-1 Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) 30
3-2-1-2 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) 30
3-2-1-3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) 31
3-2-2 Chemical analysis 31
3-2-2-1 PH Measurement 31
3-2-2-2 Sulfide 31
3-2-2-3 Anion concentration analysis 33
3-2-3 Microscope analysis 33
3-2-3-1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 33
Chapter 4. Result & Discussions 34
4-1 Anode Potential effect & Dual electrode 34
4-1-1 Current Production 34
4-1-2 Electrochemical analysis 39
4-1-2-1 LSV & power density peak method 39
4-1-2-2 CV analysis 41
4-1-4 SEM analysis 43
4-2 Inoculated when log phase 46
4-2-1 Current Production 46
4-2-2 Electrochemcial analysis 47
4-2-2-1 EIS on real circuit 47
4-2-2-2 Simulation of EIS equivalent circuit model 50
4-2-2-3 Establishment of equivalent circuit model 56
4-2-2-4 Electrochemcial analysis on different metabolite & biotic electrode 60
4-2-3 Metabolite distribution 68
4-2-4 Current Production under different feed 70
Conclusions 73
Reference 7
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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