131 research outputs found
SHINE Study
No full textSupporting Health by Integrating Nutrition and Exercise (SHINE) Randomized Controlled Tria
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)
No full textObjective.Physical activity is known to improve depressive symptoms. The present study was undertaken to examine physical inactivity as a predictor of incident depression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Data derive from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES), a longitudinal cohort with confirmed SLE diagnoses. Physical inactivity was assessed from a single item, \u201cI rarely or never do any physical activities,\u201d and depressive symptoms by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Analysis included those not depressed at baseline (PHQ-8 score 3-fold increased risk of incident depression among the sedentary group (HR 3.88 [95% Cl 1.67\u20139.03]).Conclusion.In this diverse SLE cohort, a simple question about physical inactivity was highly predictive of incident depression over the subsequent 2 years. Results suggest an urgent need for approaches to reduce sedentary behavior in this high-risk population.U01 DP006486/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/P30-AR-070155/AR/NIAMS NIH HHSUnited States/U01 DP005120/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/U01DP005120/ACL/ACL HHSUnited States/P30 AR070155/AR/NIAMS NIH HHSUnited States/K23 AT011768/AT/NCCIH NIH HHSUnited States
Spatial temperature measurements and turbulence analysis using DTS in the LIAISE field campaign
No full textExperiments using fiber-optical set-ups for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were conducted in the LIAISE (Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment) field campaign during 15-30 July 2021 in the north-east of Spain. Three DTS set-ups were installed to measure temperature profiles along varying vertical scales; 1.6 - 40 m in the atmosphere, 0 - 1 m into the rapidly-growing alfalfa canopy and -0.5 - 0 m in the soil. Measurements were conducted at 5 s and 25.4 cm resolutions using a 1.6 mm Kevlar-reinforced fiber. The preliminary data of these three set-ups are described in the first part of this thesis, which display the potential of using DTS in a land surface campaign to capture vertical temperature structure in great detail.A fourth fiber-optic set-up was installed with a horizontal extent of 70 m, measuring at four heights between 0.40 m and 2.05 m height. A thinner 0.5 mm cable was used here in an effort to obtain the fastest possible time response in order to measure temperature turbulence parameters using DTS. Measurements were made at 1 Hz and 12.7 cm resolution, however the actual sampling frequency appeared to be 0.15 Hz in the temperature spectrum, likely because of the long response time of the cable.Despite the limited 0.15 Hz sampling rate it was possible to obtain turbulence information through the use of the structure parameter of temperature, C2T. This parameter indicates the intensity of temperature fluctuations and was calculated over time, as is conventional. In a novel approach, it was also calculated over space, using the spatio-temporal dataset as obtained by DTS. Both the definition of C2T and the inertial range of the temperature spectrum were used to determine C2T. The spatial C2T obtained throughthe definition method was found to have the best correlation with a sonic anemometer reference, with an R2 of 0.88. The temporal C2T lack the structure that is shown in the spatial C2T, which is likely due to 30-min averaged data for horizontal wind speed from the sonic anemometer or to Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis not being a suitable assumption within the dimensions of this research. Determining C2T through the turbulent spectrum was successful for limited data points for the time series, and is currently inconclusive for the spatial series.Recommendations for further research for using DTS in turbulence analysis are to investigate the effect of instrument noise and the limited sampling rate. Also a critical look into the current DTS calibration routines for atmospheric is recommended. This work provides a first step towards using DTS in capturingturbulent information along spatial temperature series.LIAISECivil Engineering | Environmental Engineerin
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Yoga for firefighters: Evaluation of a quality improvement program in California fire departments
No full textBackgroundFirefighters experience high levels of physical and mental challenges. Yoga interventions have suggested benefits for firefighters.MethodsThis study reports results from a quality improvement assessment at fire departments with a 10-class yoga program. Main outcome is the total score on the Functional Movement Scale (FMS), an observer-based objective performance measure. A score of at least 14 [range 0-20] is considered as protective against injury. Secondary outcome is the score on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) questionnaire, a self-report measure for interoceptive bodily awareness as a parameter for a mechanism of action with yoga. We used descriptive statistics and regression analyses.ResultsBoth total FMS and MAIA scores improved statistically significantly. The strongest performance improvement was seen in trunk stability. The mean FMS score improved from below 14 to 14 and higher indicating a decrease in the risk for injury. Changes in FMS and MAIA did not appear to be correlated.DiscussionDespite the limitation of the study design, the findings support the potential benefits from a yoga program for firefighters
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)
No full textObjective:Studies have suggested a potential link between traumatic experiences, psychological stress, and autoimmunity, but the impact of stress on disease activity and symptom severity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We examined whether increases in perceived stress independently associate with worse SLE disease outcomes over three years of follow-up.Methods:Participants were drawn from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES). Stress was measured annually using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants with PSS increases 650.5 standard deviation were defined as having an increase in stress. Four outcomes were measured at the year 3 follow-up visit: physician-assessed disease activity (Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index), patient-reported disease activity (Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire), pain (PROMIS Pain Interference), and fatigue (PROMIS Fatigue). Multivariable linear regression evaluated longitudinal associations of increase in stress with all four outcomes while controlling for potential confounders.Results:The sample (n=260) was 91% female, 36% Asian, 30% White, 22% Hispanic, and 11% African American; mean age 46 (\ub114) years. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, increase in stress independently associated with greater physician-assessed disease activity (p=0.015), greater self-reported disease activity (p<0.001), more pain (p=0.019), and more fatigue (p<0.001).Conclusion:In a racially diverse sample of persons with SLE, those who experienced an increase in stress had significantly worse disease activity and greater symptom burden at follow-up compared to those with stress levels that remained stable or declined. Findings underscore the need for interventions to bolster stress resilience and support effective coping strategies among individuals living with lupus.U01 DP006486/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/U01 DP006701/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States/P30 AR070155/AR/NIAMS NIH HHSUnited States/K23 AT011768/AT/NCCIH NIH HHSUnited States
Housing Insecure HIV Patients Have Higher Positive Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Test Results but Lower Testing Rates in a Primary Care Setting
No full textYoga for firefighters: Evaluation of a quality improvement program in California fire departments
No full textHeat Transfer Through Grass: A Diffusive Approach
No full textHeat transport through short and closed vegetation such as grass is modelled by a simple diffusion process. The grass is treated as a homogeneous ‘sponge layer’ with uniform thermal diffusivity and conductivity, placed on top of the soil. The temperature and heat-flux dynamics in both vegetation and soil are described using harmonic analysis. All thermal properties have been determined by optimization against observations from the Haarweg climatological station in The Netherlands. Our results indicate that both phase and amplitude of soil temperatures can be accurately reproduced from the vegetation surface temperature. The diffusion approach requires no specific tuning to, for example, the daily cycle, but instead responds to all frequencies present in the input data, including quick changes in cloud cover and day– night transitions. The newly determined heat flux at the atmosphere–vegetation interface is compared with the other components of the surface energy balance at this interface. The budget is well-closed, particularly in the most challenging cases with varying cloud cover and during transition periods. We conclude that the diffusion approach (either implemented analytically or numerically) is a physically consistent alternative to more ad hoc methods, like ‘skin resistance’ approaches for vegetation and bulk correction methods for upper soil heat storage. However, more work is needed to evaluate parameter variability and robustness under different climatological conditions. From a numerical perspective, the present representation of vegetation allows for both slow and rapid feedbacks between the atmosphere and the surface. As such, it would be interesting to couple the present surface parametrization to turbulence-resolving models, such as large-eddy simulations.Atmospheric Remote Sensin
The Lorenz curve
No full textExisting HIV care cascade metrics fail to capture whether viremia is equally distributed in a population or concentrated within groups. We applied the Lorenz curve, which has been used to describe disparities in the distribution of income and other resources, to the distribution of viremia in a safety-net HIV clinic in 2012. Among 1855 established clinic patients, 1% of the population held 50% of the virus and 10% of the population held 94% of virus
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