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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Polyneuropathie – das Auge als frühdiagnostisches Fenster zum Nervensystem
Get PDFPeripheral polyneuropathy (PN) is a group of diseases with damage to peripheral nerves. Polyneuropathies often occur as secondary diseases as a result of diabetes mellitus and drug treatments with cytostatics such as Oxaliplatin (Ox). The methods for diagnosing and classifying polyneuropathy are currently still very limited. Corneal confocal microscopy studies have recently emerged as a useful tool for diagnosing polyneuropathies in clinic. With this technique, neuronal changes can be visualised even before clinical symptoms appear. The aim of this doctoral thesis is therefore to discuss the potential of further early diagnostic parameters in the eye on the basis of morphological and biochemical analyses. For this purpose, two animal models, the Streptozotocin (STZ)-, diabetes mellitus type 1-induced and the Oxaliplatin-, chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy mouse model, are selected to compare morphological changes of the peripheral nerves with ocular changes.
In order to clarify the question of whether morphological changes are already visible shortly after the induction of polyneuropathy, the first part of this work examines the sciatic nerves and associated spinal ganglia of the Oxaliplatin animals (5 and 10 days after induction) and the Streptozotocin animals (14 and 21 days after induction) histologically and by transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the axons, the associated Schwann cells, the perineural sheath and the endoneural capillaries were unchanged. In Oxaliplatin animals, however, a significant reduction in the number of mitochondria of myelinated axons is detectable, which could result in a disturbance of axonal transport. In both mouse models, Oxaliplatin-induced and Streptozotocin-induced polyneuropathy, small and medium-sized perikarya of the spinal ganglion L5 are affected by mitochondrial swelling, whereas large somata remain unchanged. This finding could explain the cold-mediated dysaesthesia and mechanical allodynia in the mouse models.
In the second part of the study, the effect of polyneuropathy on the components of the ocular and lacrimal apparatus, including the tears themselves, is investigated. Analysis of the tear film yields completely different aberrantly altered proteins and gene expression profiles in both mouse models, which could serve as potential biomarkers. Database searches reveal the involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, various eye diseases such as dry eye disease and neurodegenerative diseases. In Oxaliplatin animals, but not in Streptozotocin animals, the number of conjunctival goblet cells is significantly reduced. In contrast, the diabetic animals show an increase in extracellular material in the trabecular meshwork and a thickening of the vascular wall of capillaries in the limbus and Bruch's membrane. This probably leads to an increase in intraocular pressure and intraocular blood pressure.Als periphere Polyneuropathie (PN) wird eine Gruppe von Erkrankungen mit Schädigungen peripherer Nerven zusammengefasst. Häufig treten Polyneuropathien als Sekundärerkrankungen in Folge von Diabetes mellitus und medikamentösen Behandlungen mit Zytostatika wie Oxaliplatin (Ox) auf. Die Verfahren zur Diagnostik und Klassifikation einer Polyneuropathie sind zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt noch stark limitiert. Untersuchungen durch Korneale-Konfokale-Mikroskopie sind in der Klinik seit einigen Jahren bereits ein nützliches Hilfsmittel, um Polyneuropathien zu diagnostizieren. Durch dieses Verfahren können neuronale Veränderungen sichtbar gemacht werden noch bevor klinische Symptome auftreten. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es daher, auf der Grundlage morphologischer und biochemischer Analysen das Potenzial weiterer frühdiagnostischer Parameter am Auge zu erörtern. Dazu werden zwei Tiermodelle, das Streptozotocin (STZ)-, Diabetes mellitus-Typ1-induzierte und das Oxaliplatin-, Chemotherapie-induzierte Polyneuropathie Mausmodell, ausgewählt und die morphologischen Veränderungen der peripheren Nerven mit den Augenveränderungen verglichen.
Zur Klärung der Frage ob morphologische Veränderungen bereits kurz nach der Induktion der Polyneuropathie sichtbar sind, werden im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit der N. ischiadicus sowie die zugehörigen Spinalganglien der Oxaliplatin-Tiere (5 und 10 Tage nach Induktion) und der Streptozotocin-Tiere (14 und 21 Tage nach Induktion) histologisch und transmissions-elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Morphologie der Axone, der zugehörigen Schwann-Zellen, der Perineuralscheide und der endoneuralen Kapillaren zeigen sich unverändert. In den Oxaliplatin-Tieren ist aber eine signifikante Reduktion der Anzahl der Mitochondrien myelinisierter Axone nachweisbar, was eine Störung des axonalen Transports zur Folge haben könnte. In beiden Mausmodellen, Oxaliplatin-induzierter und Streptozotocin-induzierter Polyneuropathie, sind kleine und mittelgroße Perikaryen des jeweiligen Spinalganglions L5 von mitochondrialen Schwellungen betroffen, große Somata bleiben hingegen unverändert. Dieser Befund könnte in den Mausmodellen die Kälte-vermittelte Dysästhesie und mechanische Allodynie erklären.
Im zweiten Teil der Studie wird die Auswirkung der Polyneuropathie auf die Komponenten des Augen- und des Tränenapparates einschließlich der Tränen selbst untersucht. Die Analyse des Tränenfilms liefert in beiden Mausmodellen völlig unterschiedlich aberrant veränderte Proteine und Genexpressionsprofile, die als potenzielle Biomarker dienen könnten. Datenbankrecherchen belegen eine Beteiligung von oxidativem Stress, Entzündungen, diversen Augenerkrankungen wie Trockenem Auge (dry eye syndrome) und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. In den Oxaliplatin-Tieren, nicht aber in den Streptozotocin-Tieren, ist die Anzahl konjunktivaler Becherzellen signifikant verringert. Die Diabetes-Tiere weisen dagegen eine Vermehrung von extrazellulärem Material im Trabekelwerk sowie eine Verdickung der Gefäßwand von Kapillaren im Limbus und der Bruchmembran auf. Dies führt vermutlich zu einem Anstieg des Augeninnendrucks und dem intraokulären Blutdruck
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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