206,807 research outputs found
Audiences' willingness to participate in Welsh-language media
No full textPhDContemporary media audiences expect to be able to interact with content, but in a minority language context, audience participation presents challenges related to audiences’ linguistic confidence. This thesis focuses on Wales, where media producers have suggested that audiences are often reluctant to interact with broadcast and online content in Welsh. To begin to understand this unwillingness, and how it might be overcome, the concept of willingness to participate (WTP) is coined as an extension of willingness to communicate (McCroskey & Baer 1985).
First, interviews with producers are analysed qualitatively to identify potential influences on audiences’ WTP. The analysis aims to assess the relative importance of various factors: audiences’ feelings of apprehension, self-perceived competence, language background and Welsh language ability, as well as the modality of participation (oral/written) and the level of demand placed on the audience.
Second, a questionnaire is designed and administered to 358 Welsh speakers, to examine audiences’ perceptions of different opportunities to participate in media content. A path model of WTP is proposed and tested using quantitative data from the survey. The results support the hypothesis that audiences’ apprehension and self-perceived competence predict WTP and that audience response varies according to the media context. While audiences’ Welsh language skills are important in explaining their WTP, other aspects of language background, such as Welsh language acquisition context, are found to be less important.
Third, the survey sample is grouped according to common patterns of WTP, to test whether the above effects are consistent across the population or whether different ‘types’ of audience exist. Using a combination of cluster analysis and thematic analysis of audience comments, four types of audience are proposed and described in detail. Finally, implications for sociolinguistic theory, language maintenance and media production practice are considered and recommendations made.Arts and Humanities Research Counci
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth : the making of a Welsh prince
No full textLlywelyn ab Iorwerth (1173-1140) has long been considered one of the leading heroes of Wales. The life and rule of Llywelyn, known as Llywelyn the Great, is explored in detail in this thesis. The grandson of Owain Gwynedd, ruler of North Wales from 1137-1170, Llywelyn grew up during the period of turmoil following Owain’s death. After wresting control of Gwynedd from his rival family members in the latter decade of the 12th century, he proceeded to gain recognition as the foremost representative of Wales on the political stage.
Although viewed as a legendary hero in Welsh history, poetry and culture, Llywelyn's route to power is more complex than that. The thesis explores the development of the man from rebel and warlord, to leader and spokesman, to statesman, traces the expansion of his hegemony throughout Wales, and discusses the methods he used to gain and maintain power. Particular attention is paid to his use of family, marriage, allies, rivals and the church to achieve his goals. These insights can be derived from the surviving charters, letters, and other acta of Llywelyn and the Royal Chancery of England, the titles accorded therein, Welsh and English chronicles, as well as, occasionally, Venedotian Poetry. Finally, this thesis seeks to address the limitations on Llywelyn’s successes, in light of succeeding events and concludes with a discussion of Llywelyn’s legendary status in the modern world
A review of databases and other statistical sources reporting ethnic group and their potential to enhance the evidence base on health promotion
No full textThe Health ASERT Programme Wales is a research programme commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government to investigate health promotion issues among Minority Ethnic Groups, Refugees/Asylum seekers, and Gypsy Travellers. The acronym ASERT stands for Asylum Seekers, Ethnic minorities, Refugees and Travellers. Research was undertaken by the Research Centre for Transcultural Studies in Health, Middlesex University and the Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent at Canterbury between February 2003 and March 2004. The study aimed to enhance the evidence base on health promotion issues related to minority ethnic groups, refugees/asylum seekers and Gypsy Travellers in Wales in
order to inform policy and programme development in the Welsh Assembly Government’s Health Promotion Division (now known as Health Improvement Division) and elsewhere in the Public Health and Health Professions Department. The study objectives were to: identify
gaps in the existing evidence base of health needs and health promotion issues for the study groups; identify existing good practice of health services and promotion for the study groups; explore ways of delivering health promotion policy/programmes targeting these groups in a
culturally and socially sensitive manner; identify issues for further research
A critical evaluation of linguistic minorities from a postmodern perspective: the case of Welsh
No full textMy aim in this thesis is to consider language policy and minority languages from the viewpoint of postmodernism – a theoretical framework that has much to offer beyond mere explanation and support for the concepts of diversity and pluralism. I argue there is a shortage of texts that interrogate language policy from a postmodern perspective – notwithstanding the contributions of a relatively small group of linguists including Pennycook (2000, 2006), Wright (2000, 2004), Cameron (1995) and Edwards (1985-2003). Thus, I combine some arguments from the domain of postmodernism articulated by theorists such as Foucault (1980), Lyotard (1997), and Connor (2004) with other arguments from the fields of language policy, language ideology and minority language rights formulated by theorists such as Phillipson (1993, 2003), Crystal (2000, 2003).In the first chapter I consider how language policy and planning has developed as a subject of academic inquiry since World War II. In the second chapter I focus on a primary objective for language policymakers, namely minority language maintenance. I conclude that characteristics and trends associated with postmodernism are neither wholly supportive nor wholly unsupportive of minority language maintenance. In the third chapter, I concentrate on the minority language Welsh, tentatively concluding that a truly bilingual Wales is not achievable. In this fourth chapter, I analyse findings from my ethnographic research into Welsh language usage in Newport. I tentatively conclude once more that the Welsh Assembly Government’s bilingual objective is unachievable. Finally, I argue that postmodernism is a useful theoretical perspective for academics in the field of language policy and planning
The Expenditure Impacts of Individual Higher Education Institutions (HEIS) and their Students on the Welsh Economy : Homogeneity or Heterogeneity?
No full textThis paper replicates the analysis of Scottish HEIs in Hermannsson et al (2010a) for the case of Wales in order to provide a self-contained analysis that is readily accessible by those whose primary concern is with the regional impacts of Welsh HEIs. When we treat each of the twelve Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that existed in Wales in 2006 as separate sectors in conventional input-output analysis, their expenditure impacts per unit of final demand appear rather homogenous, with the apparent heterogeneity of their overall impacts being primarily driven by scale. However, a disaggregation of their income by source reveals considerable variation in their dependence upon funding from the devolved Welsh Assembly Government and their ability to draw in income/funding from external sources. Acknowledging the binding budget constraint of the Welsh Assembly Government and deriving balanced expenditure multipliers reveals large differences in the net-expenditure impact of HEIs upon the Welsh economy, with the source of variation being the origin of income. Applying a novel treatment of student expenditure impacts, identifying the amount of exogenous spending per student, modifies the heterogeneity of the overall expenditure impacts. On balance this suggests that the impacts of impending budget cut-backs will be quite different by institution depending on their sensitivity to public funding. However, predicting the outcome of budget cutbacks at the margin is problematic for reasons that we identify
Likelihood inference for small variance components
No full textIn this paper, we develop likelihood-based methods for making inferences about the components of variance in a general normal mixed linear model. In particular, we use local asymptotic approximations to construct confidence intervals for the components of variance when the components are close to the boundary of the parameter space. In the process, we explore the question of how to profile the restricted likelihood (REML), show that general REML estimates have a lower probability of being on the boundary than maximum likelihood estimates, and show that the likelihood-ratio test based on the local asymptotic approximation has higher power against local alternatives than the likelihood-ratio test based on the usual chi-squared approximation. We explore the finite sample properties of the proposed intervals by means of a small simulation study
A journey in single steps: robust one-step M-estimation
No full textWe present a unified treatment of different types of one-step M-estimation in regression models which incorporates the Newton–Raphson, method of scoring and iteratively reweighted least squares forms of one-step estimator. We use higher order expansions to distinguish between the different forms of estimator and the effects of different initial estimators. We show that the Newton–Raphson form has better properties than the method of scoring form which, in turn, has better properties than the iteratively reweighted least squares form. We also show that the best choice of initial estimator is a smooth, robust estimator which converges at the rate n?1/2. These results have important consequences for the common data-analytic strategy of using a least squares analysis on "clean" data obtained by deleting observations with extreme residuals from an initial least squares fit. It is shown that the resulting estimator is an iteratively reweighted least squares one-step estimator with least squares as the initial estimator, giving it the worst performance of the one-step estimators we consider: inferences resulting from this strategy are neither valid nor robust
Social determinants for child health: A systematic review. Report to the Welsh Assembly Government.
No full textThe Welsh Assembly Government has identified Health Gain Targets in five priority areas. These are: coronary heart disease; cancer; mental health; the health of older people; and the health of children. In order to identify indicators associated with the five areas, a series of reviews were commissioned. The aim of this project was to carry out a systematic review of the social determinants for child health and to develop social indicators from these determinants that could be monitored in the Welsh population. A secondary aim was to carry out a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions designed to tackle these determinants
Welsh Life and Times Study (Welsh Assembly Election Study), 2007
No full textAbstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The Wales Life and Times Studies (WLTS) have grown out of a programme of work conducted by the Centre for Research into Elections and Social Trends (CREST) in collaboration with the Institute of Welsh Politics at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, in response to the constitutional changes brought about by devolution.
In 1997 a referendum study was conducted in Wales and Scotland (held at the UK Data Archive under SN:3952), followed by election studies covering the first elections in 1999 to the Welsh National Assembly (held under SN:4180) and Scottish Parliament, both funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). When the ESRC announced its intention to carry out surveys in all parts of the UK in 2001 and 2003 under the Devolution and Constitutional Change Programme, the Welsh component became WLTS.
An earlier Welsh election study, covering the 1979 general election, is also held at the UK Data Archive under SN:1591, but is not part of the WLTS series.
The Welsh Life and Times Study (Welsh Assembly Election Study), 2007 served as a Welsh Assembly Election Study for the 2007 Welsh National Assembly elections.Main Topics:The dataset contains the replies of respondents in Wales to questions on newspaper readership and internet, party identification, public services, Welsh National Assembly voting, Welsh election, and national and class identity.
Classificatory information was also collected on health, housing tenure, Welsh speaking, religion, ethnicity, education, economic activity, job details, and income.
There was also a self-completion questionnaire which included questions on public services, voting and proportional representation.
Standard Measures:
Left-right scale.<br
Social determinants for cancer: A systematic review. Report to the Welsh Assembly Government
No full textThe Welsh Assembly Government has identified Health Gain Targets in five priority areas. These are: coronary heart disease; cancer; mental health; the health of older people; and the health of children. In order to identify indicators associated with the five areas, a series of reviews were commissioned. The aim of this project was to carry out a systematic review of the social determinants of the incidence of cancer and to develop social indicators from these determinants that could be monitored in the Welsh population. A secondary aim was to carry out a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions designed to tackle these determinants
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