1,721,114 research outputs found
Antenatal screening for Down Syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities: increasingly complex issues
No full textParental attitude to participating in long-term follow-up studies of their children’s health after in utero diagnosis of abnormalities
No full textObjective
To determine whether parents might be distressed if approached to take part in long-term follow-up of their children's health and development.Methods
A short, closed format anonymous questionnaire seeking parental opinion on being asked about their child's health was offered to attendees for obstetric ultrasound and parents of children attending paediatric cardiology clinics.Results
In total, 70% of the 266 respondents were attending for ultrasound and 30% paediatric cardiology clinics. In total, 66 respondents had children with long-term health problems, 28 with learning difficulties and 61 had previously had an abnormal obstetric ultrasound scan. Greater than 90% of parents were happy to be contacted and asked questions about their children's health and development, regardless of their child's health or their experiences during prenatal ultrasonography.Conclusions
Our results provide reassurance to future researchers and ethics committees that studies of children's later health after in utero diagnosis of anomalies are unlikely to prove unacceptable to many parents
An aetiological classification of birth defects for epidemiological research
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Congenital anomaly registers collect data on antenatally and postnatally detected anomalies for surveillance, research, and public health purposes. Each anomaly is coded using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-9/ICD-10) based on body systems, allowing accurate comparisons between registers for individual anomalies. When commencing an environmental, epidemiological study, it became clear to us that there is no standard classification that takes aetiology into account. This paper describes a new classification for use in studies addressing aetiology. METHOD: A classification system was evolved and piloted using cases in a study of geographical variation in congenital anomaly prevalence.1 Cases that were difficult to categorise were noted, and after discussion with a team of experts, the classification was adjusted accordingly.Results and CONCLUSION: A robust, hierarchical method of classifying birth defects into eight categories has been produced, for use at source of data registration in conjunction with, but independent of, ICD coding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
PFM.18 UK variation in prenatal management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
No full textINTRODUCTION: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a relatively common condition with a population carrier frequency of 1:50. Antenatal administration of dexamethasone treatment has been used to reduce virilisation in affected female offspring. There is however, considerable national/international variability regarding this treatment, including significant concerns about the potential maternal and fetal side effects.METHODS: A questionnaire including 3 clinical scenarios was devised covering aspects of prenatal management in cases of CAH. This was designed to identify opinions and management strategies in cases with a familial diagnosis of CAH. Confidence in the effectiveness of dexamethasone in the prevention of virilisation was also questioned. A link to the Survey Monkey questionnaire was circulated via fetal, obstetric, genetic and paediatric endocrinology specialists. Replies were then collated and assessed.RESULTS: 64 practitioners replied (19.7% Consultant Geneticists, 16.4% Consultants in Fetal Medicine, 44.3% Consultant Obstetricians, 14.8% other health care professionals). The results demonstrated significant uncertainty and variation in clinical management. Many recommended discussing with colleagues and or seeking further advice and guidance.CONCLUSION: There is no nationally consistent approach to prenatal and post natal diagnosis and management of mothers and babies at risk of CAH. Provision of a national consensus guideline statement regarding care and management might lead to a more uniform and appropriate clinical approach
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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