1,720,963 research outputs found
Overview of gastric bypass surgery
No full textAbstractGastric bypass surgery is indicated for several clinical reasons including benign and malignant upper gastrointestinal tract pathologies. Any gastric resection or bypass procedure interferes with gastric emptying and the aim of reconstruction is to minimize the disturbance to the upper gastrointestinal physiology. Gastric bypass procedures induce early satiety, with or without concomitant impaired absorption of nutrients, and offer the best solution for morbid obesity. The long-term health benefits of gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity must be found to outweigh the operative risks and side-effects of gastric bypass and thus patient selection is fundamental. The aim of the study was to review the indications, complications, sequelae and outcome of gastric bypass procedures
The surgical management of benign gastroduodenal perforation
Full text linkGastric perforations may be spontaneous or traumatic and most of the spontaneous perforation is due to peptic ulcer disease. Improved medical management of peptic ulceration has reduced the incidence of perforation, but still remains a common cause of peritonitis. The management of perforated peptic ulcer disease is still a subject of debate. The majority of perforated peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori, soapart from simple closure, definitive surgery is not usually required. Perforated peptic ulcer is an indication for operation in nearly all cases except when the patient is unfit for surgery. However, with the current advances in anaesthetic approach and with the high incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses and sepsis, non-operative management has largely been abandoned
Benefits and risks of splenectomy
No full textAbstractSplenectomy is a powerful therapeutic procedure in a wide variety of medical disorders provided that it is not undertaken lightly and the risks are weighed against the potential benefits in each individual case. Most of this risk seems to be due to the underlying splenectomy indication and not to splenectomy alone. There has been an increased tendency in recent years towards splenic preservation to prevent not only the risk of subsequent overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) but the long term risk of cardiovascular complications. As there is no condition that can be cured by splenectomy, this paper reviewed the rationale behind the indications for, and the associated risks.MethodElectronic searches of the medline (PubMed) database, Cochrane library, and science citation index were performed to identify original published studies on splenectomy. Relevant articles were searched from relevant chapters in specialized texts and all included
Primary Small Bowel Volvulus in Adults - a difficult diagnosis in a Low-income country
Full text linkPrimary small bowel volvulus is a relatively rare cause of small bowel
obstruction but can be fatal. The chief problem is differentiating it
from other causes of obstruction that can be treated conservatively. We
report two cases of primary small bowel volvulus within a 2 months
period in a regional hospital in the south west region of Cameroon and
briefly review the literature
Human immunodeficiency virus and the anorectum
Full text linkAbstractAn understanding of HIV/AIDS is important to the practice of colon and rectal surgery as these patients frequently present with proctological diseases. Operations for anorectal pathology represent one of the most common indications for surgery in HIV-positive patients. It appears that anorectal pathology in HIV/AIDS infected patients has not been impacted by highly active anti retroviral therapy. The general approach to the HIV- infected patient and management of the anorectal diseases are discussed. Surgical procedures can be safe and effective therapeutic modalities. Symptomatic improvement of the underlying anorectal pathology may make delayed wound healing an acceptable complication in many AIDS patients. Part of the complete treatment includes education, treatment and counselling of sexual partners
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The challenge of intra-abdominal sepsis
No full textAbstractAn overview of intra-abdominal sepsis is necessary at this time with new experimental studies, scoring systems and audits on management outcomes. The understanding of the pathophysiology of the peritoneum in the manifestation of surgical sepsis and the knowledge of the source of pathogenic organisms which reach the peritoneal cavity are crucial in the prevention of intra-abdominal infection. Inter-individual variation in the pattern of mediator release and of end-organ responsiveness may play a significant role in determining the initial physiological response to major sepsis and this in turn may be a key determinant of outcome. The ability to identify the presence of peritoneal inflammation probably has the greatest influence on the final surgical decision. The prevention of the progression of sepsis is by early goal-directed therapy and source control. Recent advances in interventional techniques for peritonitis have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of physiologically severe complicated abdominal infection. In the critically ill patients there is some evidence that the prevention of gut mucosal acidosis improves outcome.The aim of this review is to ascertain why intra-abdominal sepsis remains a major clinical challenge and how a better understanding of the pathophysiology may enable its prevention and better management.MethodElectronic searches of the medline (PubMed) database, Cochrane library, and science citation index were performed to identify original published studies on intra-abdominal sepsis and the current management. Relevant articles were searched from relevant chapters in specialized texts and all included
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