1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Fondement structural de la transcription : le backtracking de l'ARN polymérase et sa réactivation
No full textMa thèse se focalise sur la compréhension d’un phénomène de transcription, appelé backtracking, qui inactive la RNAP et arrête la transcription. La réactivation des complexes RNAP arrêtés et la reprise de la transcription nécessitent un facteur protéique appelé GreB. L’objectif du projet était d’obtenir des informations structurelles sur: i) la façon dont le retour en arrière inactive la RNAP dans E. coli; et ii) comment GreB sauve la RNAP en marche arrière pour continuer la transcription. À l'aide de SP cryo-EM, j’ai capturé quatre instantanés de RNAP dans différents états. Mes résultats montrent que l'ARN n'est plus aligné avec le site actif. De plus, suite à un retour en arrière, la RNAP adopte de nouvelles modifications de conformation permettant la liaison de GreB. En conséquence, le NTD de GreB entre en contact le site actif de la RNAP et donne des résidus acides qui augmentent l'affinité pour un ion magnésium, ce qui est nécessaire pour la catalyse du clivage de l'ARN mal aligné. Ces quatre reconstructions donnent un aperçu du mécanisme catalytique et de la dynamique du clivage et de l'extension de l'ARN.[...]My Ph.D. was focused on the understanding of a transcriptional phenomenon, termed backtracking, which inactivates RNAP and halts transcription. Reactivation of halted RNAP complexes and transcription resumption, requires a protein factor called GreB. The objective of the project was to gain structural information on: i) how backtracking inactivates RNAP inE. coli; and ii) how GreB rescues backtracked RNAP to continue transcription. Using SP cryo- EM, I captured four snapshots of RNAP at different states covering the backtracking and reactivation cycle. My results show that the RNA is no longer aligned with the active center, explaining the transcription halt. Furthermore, as a result of backtracking, RNAP adopts new conformational changes allowing GreB binding. As a consequence, the NTD of GreB contacts RNAP active center and donates acidic residues that increase the affinity towards a magnesium ion, which is required for cleavage catalysis of the misaligned RNA. These four reconstructions give insights on the catalytic mechanism and dynamics of RNA cleavage and extension. [...
Études structurales des complexes d'élongation de l'ARN polymérase et de leur interaction avec des machineries cellulaires
No full textAfin de surmonter les effets inhibiteurs d'un enroulement excessif du brin d'ADN dû à la transcription, l'ARN polymérase (ARNP) collabore avec les ADN topoisomérases. Des interactions directes entre la RNAP et la topoisomérase I (TopoI) avaient été suggérées sans que les détails moléculaires de leur interaction soient déterminés. Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné la coopération entre la RNAP d'E. coli et la TopoI in vitro en utilisant la biochimie et la cryo-EM. Nous avons résolu les structures des complexes ARNP-TopoI dans plusieurs états fonctionnels. Le surenroulement de l'ADN matriciel affecte également la pause transcriptionnelle, et nous avons démontré que la durée de la pause augmente avec l'accroissement de la superhélicité négative. Pour explorer ce mécanisme, nous avons mis en place une méthode permettant d'étudier les complexes d'élongation de la RNAP par cryo-EM sur des ADN avec une topologie proche du surenroulement physiologique.To prevent inhibitory effects of excessive supercoiling due to transcription, RNA polymerase (RNAP) cooperates with topoisomerases. In several bacterial species RNAP and topoisomerase I (TopoI) were reported to be in a direct contact, but molecular details of their interaction remained unknown. In this work, we studied the cooperation between E. coli RNAP and TopoI in vitro by biochemical methods and cryo-EM. Using nucleic acid scaffolds, we solved structures of a transcribing RNAP-TopoI complex in several functional states. Supercoiling of the DNA template was also implicated in transcriptional pausing and we showed that pause duration increases as a function of increased negative superhelicity on several pause sites. To explore the underlying mechanism, we set up a method to study RNAP elongation complexes on templates with physiological supercoiling by cryo-EM
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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