1,721,048 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Periconceptional Exposures and Child Health in the Third Generation
No full textIn view of the increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, the burdens they inflict on affected patients, family and society, as well as their unclear etiology, identifying their risk factors is of tremendous importance. We need to better determine the etiologic window of intervention and identify high-risk populations who would benefit from public health interventions. Given the early onset of neurodevelopmental disorders, scientists have focused on risk factors in early childhood and in utero, based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. However, the third generational effects have rarely been explored, although pregnant women’s exposures to internal and external factors can affect not only their offspring but their grandchildren via the germline.
This dissertation comprises three studies that investigated the multigenerational associations of grandmothers’ exposures experienced periconceptionally with their grandchildren’s neurodevelopmental deficits and adverse birth outcomes. Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of heterogeneous conditions that affect the development of the neurological system and brain, leading to a delay or disturbance in the acquisition of motor, social language and cognitive skills. While some neurodevelopmental disorders are highly heritable, most have complex and multiple contributors, including genetic, biological, psychosocial and environmental factors. Adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth or low birth weight, have also been proposed as risk factors for pervasive developmental disorders as well as many chronic diseases later in life.
While previous studies have focused on the relationship between maternal exposure during pregnancy and health outcomes in the offspring, the third generational effect has been neglected, mainly due to a lack of data on three generations in human, particularly for neurodevelopmental deficits. However, with access to a national, longitudinal healthcare professional’s cohort study data (Nurses’ Health Study II), this research possessed a unique setting to investigate associations in a population-based study across three generations. In Chapters 1 and 2, grandchildren’s risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, was assessed according to grandmothers’ smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy obesity status, and gestational weight gain. In Chapter 3, we revisited a previous study that examined the relationship between grandmaternal use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, by further addressing a more comprehensive list of confounding factors as well as indication bias. Overall, the findings from this research demonstrate that grandmothers’ periconceptional health risk behaviors, unhealthy weight status, and exposure to an endocrine disruptor were associated with their grandchildren’s risk of ADHD or preterm birth/low birth weight, independent of maternal factors.Epidemiolog
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Housing instability, air pollution, and health: Three studies from the United States
No full textThe United States has consistently ranked poorly in terms of the maternal and child health outcomes relative to other economically developed countries. In addition, there are vast disparities in maternal and child health outcomes within the country by race, ethnicity, and class. A large and active body of literature suggests that differential exposure to social and environmental determinants across high income countries and within the United States may partly explain the existence of these disparities. This dissertation contributes to this field of social and environmental determinants of poor maternal and child health outcomes in the United States. Specifically, it investigates the role of housing instability – a social determinant – and air pollution – an environmental determinant – in impacting the risk of preterm birth, infant death, and pregnancy loss across the country.
Chapter 2 brings together lessons from the maternal health literature – which shows that prenatal psychosocial stress is a risk factor for preterm birth – and the housing literature – which demonstrates that threatened evictions are a major source of stress – to investigate if prenatal exposure to threatened evictions increases the risk of preterm birth. To answer this question, my co-authors and I combined over seven million live birth records from 1,633 counties between 2009 and 2016 with the largest, county-level dataset on threatened evictions from The Eviction Lab at Princeton University. Using a retrospective cohort study design, we fit regression models with several control variables including county fixed effects and find that increased prenatal exposure to threatened evictions was positively associated with the risk of prematurity over the study period.
Chapter 3 analyzes the relationship of prenatal and post-birth air pollution exposure with infant death. Although this is a well-studied topic, the evidence base is mixed for a variety of reasons. My co-author and I contribute to the existing literature by using a Structural Equation Modeling framework to estimate direct paths from average prenatal and post-birth PM2.5 exposure to infant mortality as well as indirect paths from prenatal PM2.5 exposure to infant death via preterm birth and low birth weight. We fit the Structural Equation Model on over ten million linked birth-infant death records from 2011 to 2013 merged with daily, county-level average concentration of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Our results suggest that increased exposure to PM2.5 prenatally was positively associated with the risk of infant mortality with the majority of this association being driven by the direct path from prenatal air pollution to infant death. Our results for the association between post-birth PM2.5 exposure and infant death were less precisely estimated in our primary analysis; however, robustness checks indicate a strong, positive association between post-birth air pollution exposure and infant death as well.
Chapter 4 investigates if higher levels of prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with pregnancy loss. We use a novel analytic framework which allows us to infer the relationship between prenatal air pollution and pregnancy loss by instead analyzing the relationship between the same exposure and conceptions leading to live births, a metric which we can calculate using live birth records. To operationalize this framework, we used birth certificate data between 2001 and 2014 combined with daily, county-level concentration of PM2.5, and daily, county-level data on temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. For our primary analysis, we fit quasi-Poisson models of the total number of conceptions leading to live births on average, month-by-month PM2.5 exposure over a nine-month gestation period adjusting for county-month of year fixed effects and various meteorological and temporal confounders. We conducted several sensitivity analyses as well. Overall, we find inconclusive evidence of an association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and pregnancy loss at any point during gestation
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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