125,212 research outputs found
Nitrate reductases of Ricinus (Ricinus communis L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) have different regulatory properties
No full textKandlbinder A, Weiner H, Kaiser WM. Nitrate reductases of Ricinus (Ricinus communis L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) have different regulatory properties. J. Exp. Bot. 2000;51(347):1099-1105
Do Crises Tear the Fabric of Oil Trade?
No full textIn 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait, touching off an economic, financial, diplomatic, and military crisis associated with a tremendous spike in oil prices and recession in OECD and oil-importing developing countries. But was the Gulf Crisis a disruption? Did it affect the fabric of oil trade? To examine this question, this paper examines the changing role of international trade intermediaries (ITIs, often referred to as “trading companies”) in the oil market. ITIs connect buyers and sellers, serving as the glue that holds many commodity markets together. Oil trading companies have attracted harsh scrutiny form policymakers as a result of allegations regarding their role in the United Nations’ Iraqi Oil-for-Food Program, but minimal scholarly attention. The paper takes advantage of a unique microdatabase on the Brent market. Produced in the U.K. North Sea, Brent Blend is by far the most widely traded crude oil in the international market. Participants in the Brent market are diverse, with the largest traders falling into two categories. The first comprises “industrial MNEs”—companies active in the business of producing or refining crude oil. The second category comprises financial houses and trading companies. This diversity provides an opportunity to test hypotheses regarding behavioral differences across types of companies and geographic origin, before, during, and after the crisis.oil, trading companies, crisis, Brent, North Sea
Paleonura bilinskii Paśnik & Weiner, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textPaleonura bilinskii sp. nov. Figs 1–7, Tab. 1 Diagnosis. Habitus typical of the genus Paleonura (Fig. 1 and 2). Dorsal tubercles poorly developed, distinct only on posterior abdominal segments. Buccal cone elongate. Head with 2 Oc chaetae. Ant. IV with trilobed apical vesicle. Tubercles Af and CL with A, B, C, D and F, G chaetae respectively. Tubercles De on Th. II and III with 2 chaetae + S. Tubercles De on Abd. I–III with 2 chaetae + S. Tubercles De and Dl on Abd. IV separated with 2 + S and 3 chaetae respectively. Type material. Holotype: male (E– 99 – 1 –HT), paratypes: male (E– 99 – 1 / 2), 2 females (E– 99 – 1 / 3–4). All deposited in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS in Kraków (ISEA). Type locality. Ecuador, El Ángel Reserve, Páramo (0° 43 '02,67'' N, 77 ° 57 '59,47'' W), 3600–3700 m, 6.VI. 1999, in the axils of marcescent leaves of ESpeletia, Sz. Biliński leg. Etymology. Named for Sz. Biliński who collected the specimens. Description. Body length 2.1–2.51 mm males and 2.72–3.14 mm females. Colour white in alcohol, orange-red alive (Fig. 1). Cuticular granulation homogenous, rather fine, except for small areas around some setae. Abd. VI bilobed (Fig. 2). Antennae shorter than head (about 3 / 4 of the length of head). Ant. I with 7 chaetae, Ant. II with 11 chaetae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ on antennal segment III consisting of two small internal sensilla bent in the same direction, two almost equal, subcylindrical guard sensilla and a small ventral microsensillum. Ant. IV dorsally (Fig. 5) with ordinary chaetae and 8 thick subequal cylindrical S chaetae, two dorso-external and six dorso-internal. Ant. IV organite as a short thick rod. Apical vesicle distinct, trilobed. Ventral chaetotaxy of Ant. IV as in Fig. 6. Eyes 2 + 2 large, without pigmentation. Head without well developed tubercles (Fig. 3). Ocular area with two setae. Mandible with two teeth, maxilla without lamellae, styliform. Labium with 3 distal (A, C, D), 3 basal (E, F, G) and 3 lateral chaetae (c, d, e)(Fig. 7). Head chaetotaxy as in Fig. 3 and Tab. 1. Total dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. Abd. III–IV with poorly developed tubercles De. Abd. V with moderately developed tubercles De+Dl+L. Tubercles De and Dl separated on Abd. IV. Tubercles De, Dl and L fused on Abd. V on each side of axis. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae respectively (chaeta M absent) (Fig. 10). Leg chaetotaxy given in Table. 1. Claw without teeth. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 4. VT with 4 + 4 chaetae. Furcula vestige with 4 mesochaetae, without microchaetae. Male and female genital plates as in Figs 8 and 9 respectively. Anal tubercle with 12 chaetae and 2 microchaetae. Remarks. Paleonura bilinSkii sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: head with 2 + 2 eyes and two chaetae Oc.; tubercle Af with chaetae A, B, C and D; Ant. 4 with trilobed apical vesicle; tubercles De on Th. II and III with 3 chaetae (2 + S); tubercles De and Dl on Abd. IV separated and with 3 chaetae (2 + S); tubercle Di on Abd. V with two chaetae. Among other Neotropical species of Paleonura with 2 + 2 eyes, two ocular chaetae and separated tubercles De and Dl on Abd. V, the new species most closely resembles P. daniae Palacios-Vargas & Diaz, 1992 from Cuba and P. friaSica Cassagnau & Oliveira, 1990 from Argentina. It can be distinguished from them by the trilobed apical vesicle of Ant. IV and presence of three chaetae De and Dl on Abd. IV (two in both other species). The new species differs from P. daniae also by the presence of chaeta A on tubercle Af (absent in P. daniae) and the tubercle L with three chaetae on Th. II–III and Abd. I–III (two chaetae in P. daniae), whereas from the second species it differs by the lack of chaeta E on tubercle Af (present in P. friaSica) and the presence of five chaetae L on Abd. IV (four chaetae in P. friaSica). Cephalic chaetotaxy * tubercle poorly developed Postcephalic, ventral and leg chaetotaxy * on each anal valvaePublished as part of Paśnik, Grzegorz & Weiner, Wanda Maria, 2013, Paleonura bilinskii (Collembola, Neanuridae, Paleonurini), a new species from Ecuador, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 3702 (3) on pages 295-299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/22405
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pseudachorutes vasylii Kaprus' & Weiner, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textPseudachorutes vasylii sp. nov. Figs 22–31, 83 Pseudachorutes laricis Arbea & Jordana, 1989 in: Kaprus’ et al. 2006 Description. Body length without antennae 0.50–0.65 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluishblack. Tegumental granulation fine. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum is 1.25 times as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle simple or slightly bilobated (Figs 23–24). PAO round with 4–6 vesicles, 1.2–1.7 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 28). 8 + 8 eyes. Buccal cone elongated. Mandible with four teeth (medial tooth small, subapical tooth bigger than medial one) (Fig. 25). Styliform maxilla with two lamellae; one of them with two small teeth, another one with tiny apical hook (Fig. 26). Labral formula: 2 /3,3,4 (Fig. 83). Labium with 2 + 2 small organites x and small papillate seta L, with 12 + 12 ordinary setae (Fig. 27). Perilabial area with 4 + 4 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 22, with mesosetae and longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/ 11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d 1, without a0 seta. Th. I with 3 + 3 setae. Th. II and III with 10 + 10 setae (a 2, a 5 and m 4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 8 + 8 setae (m-row and a 3 setae absent) and Abd. IV with 9 + 9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p 5. Abd. V without a 2 and p 2 setae, seta s = p 3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4 + 4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 31. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4 + 4 setae, Abds. III with 6–7 + 6–7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 30). Mucro slightly hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 12 + 12 setae. Tenaculum with 3 + 3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 31). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B 7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 29). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 7 and 8 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with small inner tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 29). Empodial appendage absent. Type material. Holotype: male (on slide), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Karpats’ky National Park, near Vorochta village, Chornohora ridge, Pozhyzhevska Mt., 1500 m alt., Duschekia viridis and Pinus mugo crooked forest, leaf litter, 27.VI. 1991, leg. I. Kaprus’. Paratypes: 13 males and 12 females (on slides), the same data as holotype. The material is preserved in the following collections: holotype, 19 paratypes (10 males and 9 females) in SNHMU, 8 paratypes (5 males and 3 females) in ISEA. Other material. 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Chernivtsi district, near Perkalab village, Chyvchyny ridge, Gnatasia Mt., 1500 m alt., Picea abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 14.VIII. 1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 4 males and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 900 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 25.VI. 1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 18 males and 15 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 1000 m alt, crooked Fagus forest, leaf litter and soil, 24.V. 1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males (on slide), Ukraine, Zakarpattia district, near Vynogradove town, Chorna Mt., Fagus forest, leaf litter and soil, 5.IV. 1989, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 male and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Zakarpattia district, near Rakchiv town, Marmarosh ridge, Pip Ivan Mt., Picea forest, leaf litter and soil, 26.VIII. 1991, leg. I. Kaprus’. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Vasyl I. Kaprus’, younger son of one of authors. Biology. The species is connected with humid soil, litter and moss of Carpathians forests. Bisexual. Discussion. The new species is related to Pseudachorutes laricis Arbea & Jordana, 1989. Both species have the same type of dorsal chaetotaxy: with 3 + 3 setae on Th. I, without seta a 2 on Th. II and Abd. V, the same type of apical bulb (simple or slightly bilobated), mucro (with long and broad lateral lamella). They differ in the labral formula: 2 /3,3,4 in P. v a s y l i i sp. nov. and 2 /2,3,3,4 in P. l a r i c i s (R. Jordana pers. comm.), in the number of postantennal vesicles (4–6 in the new species and 7–9 in P. l a r i c i s) and the presence of small tooth on the inner edge of claw in the new species (absent in P. laricis). The labium in P. vasylii has additional morphological structures: 2 + 2 small organites x and small papillate setae L which are absent in P. l a r i c i s.Published as part of Kaprus', Ighor J. & Weiner, Wanda M., 2009, The genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 (Collembola, Neanuridae) in the Ukraine with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 2166 on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18910
Lathriopyga nistru Buşmachiu, Deharveng & Weiner, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textLathriopyga nistru sp. nov. Figs 1–8, Table 1 Type material. Republic of Moldova: holotype female (MDA–07– 1), 25.iii. 2007, village Orheiul Vechi (N 47 ° 18´, E 28 ° 57´), riverside of Răut, tributary of Dniester River, calcareous litter, under low shrubs; paratypes male (MDA–07– 2), female (MDA–07– 7), 25.iii. 2007, female (MDA–04–06), 22.iv. 2008, the same locality as holotype; juvenile male (MDA–04– 4), 25.vii. 2004, village Tipova (N 47 ° 37´, E 28 ° 57´), riverside of Dniester, calcareous litter, under low shrubs; subadult female (MDA–05– 8), 1.v. 2005 village Sipoteni (N 47 ° 20´, E 28 °04´), wild apple orchard near the forest, litter with soil; juvenile male (MDA–06– 5), 2.v. 2006, village Rascova, riverside of Dniester calcareous litter, under low shrubs; 2 males (MDA–09– 3, 9), 14.v. 2009, village Rascaeti (N 46 ° 34´, E 29 ° 45´) steppe, under low shrubs; coll. G. Buşmachiu. Holotype and one paratype in ISEA, four paratypes in IZM and one paratype in MNHN. Etymology. The species name refers to the Nistru River, local name of the Dniester River. Description. Body length (without antennae): 0.98–1.43 mm. Habitus typical for Lathriopyga genus. Colour: dark blue-violet to grey-blue. Ocelli pigmented, large and subequal. Tubercles. All dorsal tubercles well developed, some fused—Cl, Af and both Oc, Di and De, L and So on head; Di and De on Th. I; Di + Di on Abd. IV and V; De, Dl and L on Abd. V tergum; Di, De, Dl and L on Abd.VI (Fig. 1). Tubercle (Cl+Af+ 2 Oc) on head with 4 granular areas. Strong cryptopygy (Figs 1 and 8, Tab. 1). Types of chaetae. (i) Five kinds of ordinary chaetae: thick subcylindrical, feebly scaled, narrowly sheathed, rounded (strongly or slightly) apically, long (Ml), medium (Mc) and short macrochaetae (Mcc) (Fig. 6); thin, acuminate, smooth, long to rather short mesochaetae (me) ventrally on the lateral tubercles and on appendages (Fig. 7); Oca on head and An on anal valves as very short, acuminate microchaetae (mi) (Fig. 8). (ii) Dorsal chaetae (mou) on Ant. IV (”soies à apex mousse”). (iii) Four kinds of s-chaetae: long but shorter than nearest macrochaetae on Th. II–Abd. V tergites (sensory chaetae s) (Fig. 1); thick, rather long, bent sensilla on Ant. IV (S 1 –S 8, Fig. 2) and guard sensilla of Ant. III (dorsal Sgd and ventral Sgv, Figs 2 and 3); short internal sensilla on Ant. III (S 3 and S 4); microsensillum on Ant. III (ms) and on Th. II (in Dl) (Fig. 1). Antennae. Shorter than head (about 3 / 4 of its length). Antennal segment I with 7 chaetae, antennal segment II with 11 chaetae (one specimen with 12). Antennae III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked (Figs 2 and 3). Sensory organ of antennal segment III consisting of: two small internal sensilla bent in same direction, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (Sgv longer than Sgd), ventral microsensillum present. Antennal segment IV with mou-chaetae, 8 sensilla, one ordinary chaeta i, subapical organite and trilobed apical vesicle, lacking microsensillum (Figs 2 and 3). Ocelli 2 + 2. Buccal cone short and wide. Labrum short with 4 / 2,4 chaetae, labium with 11 chaetae (without chaetae B, b, e, with one long lateral chaeta between labrum and labium) and with two labial organites (Fig. 5). Maxilla styliform with two subapical teeth and lamella with two small denticles at the apex, mandible strong with two apical fork-like teeth, two large basal teeth and 6–7 denticles as fringes visible between apical and basal teeth (Fig. 4). Head chaetotaxy (Tab. 1, Fig. 1). Chaetae Oca as microchaetae (present asymmetrically as mesochaeta on one specimen). Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 1 and Tab. 1. Sensory chaetae s formula per half tergum 022/ 11111. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 8 and in Tab. 1. Thoracic sterna without chaetae. Ventral tube with 4 + 4 chaetae. No modified ventral chaetae in the male. Appendages. Chaetotaxy as in Tab. 1 and Fig. 7. Claw with very small inner tooth. Discussion. Lathriopyga nistru sp. nov. is the second species (after L. bulgarica Smolis, Skarżyński & Pomorski, 2004 from neighbourhood of Zvezdets in Strandzha, Bulgaria) of the genus with tubercules Di and De fused on Th. I. Both species are similar in most chaetotaxic characters, but the new species differs from L. bulgarica by the presence of 3 + 3 chaetae Di on Abd. V, Di 1 as a long macrochaeta and Di 2 and Di 3 as short macrochaetae, the form of mandible (with 6–7 denticles as a fringe between apical and basal teeth), and the presence of microchaetae Oca (absent in the holotype and paratype of L. bulgarica). The labral formula of the new species is 4 / 2,4. The most lateral long chaeta of the labium is intermediate between labrum and labium, and could be the most lateral of the proximal row of labrum, which would give a labral formula 4 / 4,4 as given by Smolis et al. (2004) for L. bulgarica. Cephalic chaetotaxy Tubercle Number of chaetae Type of chaetae Chaetae Cl+Af+ 2 Oc + 20 Ml B, F, Ocm, Ocp Mc A, G Mcc or mi C, D, E, Oca Di + De + 3 Ml Di 1, De 1 Mc De 2 Dl + 3 Mc Dl 1,Dl 2, Mcc Dl 4 L+So + 10 Ml L 1, So 1, So 6 Mc L 2, L 4, So 2, So 5 Mcc or me L 3, So 3, So 4 Vi 6 Ve 9 Labrum 4 / 2,4 Labium 11, 2 x Ant. I-II 7, 11 (12) Ant. III 18 + 5 s Ant. IV 8 s+ i+or+ 12 mouPublished as part of Buşmachiu, Galina, Deharveng, Louis & Weiner, Wanda Maria, 2010, A new species of the genus Lathriopyga Caroli, 1912 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Neanurinae) from the Republic of Moldova, pp. 53-58 in Zootaxa 2639 on pages 54-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19851
Novel and Immortalization-Based Protocols for the Generation of Neural CNS Stem Cell Lines for Gene Therapy Approaches
No full textTransplantation of neural cells engineered to produce growth factors or molecules with antitumor effects have the potential of grafted cells to be used as vectors for protein delivery in animal models of diseases. In this context, neural stem cells (NSCs), since their identification, have been considered an attractive subject for therapeutic applications to the damaged brain. NSCs have been shown to include attributes important for potential successful ex vivo gene therapy approaches: they show extensive in vitro expansion and, in some cases, a particular tropism toward pathological brain areas. Clearly, the challenges for future clinical development of this approach are in the definition of the most appropriate stem cells for a given application, what genes or chemicals can be delivered, and what diseases are suitable targets. Ideally, NSC lines should be homogeneous and well characterized in terms of their in vitro stability and grafting capacity. We discuss two possible approaches to produce homogeneous and stable progenitor and NSC lines that exploit an oncogene-based immortalization, or, in the second case, a novel protocol for growth factor expansion of stem cells with radial glia-like features. Furthermore, we describe the use of retroviral particles for genetic engineering
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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