1,720,981 research outputs found
Proposal of a small-size reversible articulated tractor for safe operating in very steep hillsides
No full textA new tractor suitable to be used in extreme slope and narrow spaces is here proposed and described. It was primarily designed to address the problem of working in terraced vineyards trained with the so-called “pergola” system, very common in mountain areas. The mechanization problems in these vineyards are: i) very narrow inter-rows, often lower than 1.00 m and with the risk of roll-over, ii) reduced spans under the arbours (commonly ≤1.80 m, often 1.60 m), preventing normal tractors from being used with their ROPS in ordinary position; iii) steep and very tight curves in row heads, with great difficulties of manoeuvre. The prototypes were realized by WM srl (Prato all’Isarco, BZ, Italy), in collaboration with FUB and FIR, following the needs of a team of farmers. After OECD and field tests on these first prototypes, several technical solutions, focused especially on safety issues, were then proposed
Concept and design of the ROPS for a small articulated tractor for extreme sloped vineyards
No full textA new reversible wheeled articulated tractor has been designed and realized by WM s.r.l.
(Prato all’Isarco, BZ, Italy) in collaboration with UNIBZ and FIR, to address the problem of
working in terraced vineyards trained with the so-called “pergola” system, very common in
mountain areas.
The whole design process of this tractor was characterized by a constant dialogue between
engineers and a selected pool of farmers, representative of final users, to have a product as
much as possible answering to the users’ needs and, hence, free from future requests of
design changes, according to the logic of Concurrent Engineering. In particular, conceiving
and designing a Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS) suitable to equip this small tractor
was a real engineering challenge: many design constraints, coming from the difficult environment
in which this tractor will operate and resulting from the very particular design of the
front part of the tractor, had to be matched with the (dimensional, structural) requests stated
from the OECD code 7 used for ROPS strength tests.
The operating environment for this tractor imposed reduced dimensions to the external outline
of this vehicle: vineyards inter-rows are very narrow (often lower than 1.00 m), as well as
spans under the arbours (commonly ≤1.80 m, often 1.60 m). A high compactness of the vehicle
was obtained by adopting an unconventional architecture for this tractor, i.e. an articulated
body with a Diesel engine placed in the front part, a reversible driving seat directly
placed on the motor, and the rear part acting as implement-carrier. Also the ROPS has some
peculiarities, studied to match safety-volume requirements with the possibility for farmers of
further reducing the overall height, if needed in some very narrow passages. In fact, the tractor
was equipped with a non-removable, tiltable and telescopic rear-mounted ROPS combined
with a top horizontal element and a frontal protection for the driver’s feet.
The absence of a conventional steering wheel (the tractor is driven by a cloche) and of an
engine-bonnet in front of the driver make this ROPS absolutely unique and not-provided for
by the norm; this latter fact puts two important questions to the testers, respectively on: (1)
how defining the front outline of the clearance zone (i.e. the point “D” of OECD code 7, fig.
7.1.a p. 23), usually defined in relation with the forward external edge steering wheel, and (2)
how identifying the hard points of the tractor capable of supporting the whole mass of the
overturned vehicle (i.e. the points defined on the basis of the imaginary ground plane).
Thanks to a careful interpretation of the inspiring principles of the norm and to the great experience
of the staff of the University of Bologna, these problems were successfully overProceedings
International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Zurich, 06-10.07.2014 – www.eurageng.eu 2/8
come respectively by (1) limiting the clearance zone to the vertical line passing through the
point “C” (OECD code 7, fig. 7.1.a p. 23), thus operating even with a higher safety level, and
(2) by using the external edge of the feet protective structure to define the clearance zone
and the virtual ground plane in case of overturning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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