1,720,966 research outputs found
Oral vocabulary knowledge and orthographic learning
No full textTheoretical thesis."Department of Cognitive Science , ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Reading Research Group, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia' -- title page.Bibliography: pages 87-96.Chapter 1. Thesis overview -- Chapter 2. Oral vocabulary and reading acquisition : a literature review -- Chapter 3. Orthographic learning commences before written words are seen : evidence from eye movements -- Chapter 4. General discussion.Children’s reading evolves from the slow and effortful process of using letter-to sound correspondences during word identification to rapid and skilled whole word recognition - a process referred to as orthographic learning. The question of how this is achieved remains open. This thesis explores the role of vocabulary knowledge in the processof orthographic learning and tests a possible mechanism for its influence. It is presented in two parts.Part One is a broad literature review that outlines what is currently known about the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and orthographic learning. Possible mechanisms via which vocabulary might exert an effect on orthographic learning are discussed, and are linked back to theoretical accounts that differ with respect to the proposed timing of the influence. Some posit an effect that begins at the time a word is seen in print, such as the self teachinghypothesis of Share (1995) and the lexical quality hypothesis of Perfetti (1992). Another – the orthographic recoding hypothesis – predicts that the effect may begin prior to any visual exposure (McKague, Davis, Pratt & Johnston, 2008). Topics relevant to how the proposed mechanisms might be understood and tested are then discussed.Part Two presents an empirical study which draws on the literature review to propose and test three hypotheses: first, that the partial knowledge engendered by oral familiarity with a word should confer an online processing advantage when children’s eye movements are monitored during reading; second, that words with predictable spellings based on their phonology should enjoy a processing advantage relative to words with unpredictable spellings; and finally, that the presence of a word in a child’s oral vocabulary, together with their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme mappings, allows them to form an orthographic “skeleton” of that word before seeing it in print. The principal findings from this study supported all three hypotheses, and are consistent with the position that orthographic learning can commence prior to visual exposure. Implications for theories of orthographic learning .Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (xii, 105 pages) diagrams, graphs, table
The role of oral vocabulary in the development of children’s orthographic representations
No full textThesis by publication."Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University Centre for Reading, Faculty of Human Science, sMacquarie University, Sydney, Australia" -- title page.Includes bibliographical references.Chapter 1. General introduction -- Chapter 2. Children reading spoken words : interactions between vocabulary and orthographic expectancy -- Chapter 3. The contributions of lexical phonology and semantics to the generation of orthographic expectancies -- Chapter 4. Partial or complete? The early form of orthographic expectancies -- Chapter 5. Tracking the evolution of orthographic expectancies over building visual experience -- Chapter 6. General discussion -- Supplementary materials -- Ethics approvals.When children learn to read, how do they come to be able to recognise whole written words quickly and accurately? Knowledge of letter-to-sound correspondences and the sound structure of language are known to be important early in reading acquisition but other cognitive factors must also contribute to the development of skilled reading. One such factor is oral vocabulary (knowledge of the pronunciation and meaning of words), yet its association with reading acquisition remains poorly understood. This thesis aims to elucidate the nature of the relationship between oral vocabulary and reading, with a particular focus on how they might interact as children acquire representations of new written words. According to the orthographic skeleton hypothesis (Chapter 2), children can draw on their knowledge of phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences to generate expectations of the spellings of known spoken words prior to viewing them in writing for the first time. In a series of training studies, Grade 4 children are taught novel oral vocabulary prior to reading these trained items and matched untrained items in sentence contexts while their eye movements are monitored. In each experiment the orthographic skeleton hypothesis is interrogated with a view to providing an elaborated account of their generation and influence on written word learning. Results shed light on the roles of lexical phonology and semantics within the development of orthographic expectancies (Chapter3); the form of the skeleton (Chapter 4); and the influence of the skeleton on subsequent visual exposures to target words (Chapter 5). Findings are linked back to established theories of reading acquisition, the role of oral vocabulary within this process and the causal mechanisms that support this influence (Chapter 6).Mode of access: World wide web1 online resource (x, 242 pages) diagrams, table
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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