1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Generic Micropatterned Pull-Down Assays for Quantifying Interaction Dynamics and Stoichiometry of Protein-Protein Interactions
No full textMany cellular functions are governed by an extensive network of protein-protein interactions (PPI) that exhibit regulatory mechanisms through core features such as affinity, avidity and competition. While fulfillment of essential functions such as cell growth, programmed cell death and immune response require a precisely tuned level of activity, dysregulation of such a tightly controlled network leads to serios consequences such as cancerous cell growth, pathogen susceptibility, or autoimmune diseases. Fundamental biological research at the protein level is therefore of vital interest, enabling breakthroughs in medicine while promoting the development of ever more advanced methods to help characterize the many unresolved PPIs.
One of the key factors of cellular signaling is the family of cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis and immunological homeostasis. Serving as the model system of this work, the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway plays a prominent role in the response against viral and intracellular bacterial infections. Type I IFN signaling employs a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor (IFNAR1, IFNAR2), as well as cytosolic associated Janus family tyrosine kinases (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) as effector proteins. In general, the JAK-STAT pathway is the hallmark of the class I and II cytokine receptor families. Unique to type I IFN, however, are the negative feedback regulators USP18 and ISG15, which serve to regulate the long-term cellular response by desensitizing IFN signaling. While many insights have been gained in recent years at the receptor and JAK level, better mechanistic understanding of the interplay of cytosolic effector proteins and negative feedback regulators is required. This critically depends on quantifying dynamics and stoichiometry of their molecular interactions. On the one hand, bioanalytical characterization was traditionally tackled by biochemical methods and pull-down assays, but such in vitro techniques investigate PPIs far from their biological context and quantitative approaches are very demanding in terms of protein production and purification. In vivo techniques, on the other hand, are still challenging as it is not possible to change or control the protein concentrations in living cells. Moreover, many of these methods require target-specific optimization and leave much to be desired in terms of their reliability and simplicity of their overall strategy.
Overcoming these fundamental challenges, this thesis aimed to develop micropatterned nanobody-based pull-down assays to quantify the interaction dynamics and stoichiometry of cytosolic PPIs. These methods were used to characterize the PPIs of the type I IFN signaling pathway, but we also aspired to develop generically applicable strategies that can be used for a broad range of target proteins. Spatially-resolved nanobody immobilization was achieved by employing a robust poly-L-lysine grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-PEG) surface architecture, which can be readily generated via microcontact printing and provide surface passivation, biocompatibility and a functional micropatterning in a single step. The pull-down assays employ an anti-GFP nanobody directed against the widely used green fluorescent protein (GFP), providing a generalized targeting strategy instead of targeting a specific protein of interest. To this end, we have developed two methods: The first is nanobody live cell micropatterning, which enables spatiotemporal reorganization of cytosolic GFP-fused proteins inside cells to quantitatively investigate their interaction partners and dynamics. The second is in situ single cell pull-down (SiCPull), which directly captures GFP-fused proteins and interacting proteins from whole-cell lysates on the micropatterned chip, enabling background-free quantitative interaction dynamics analysis, and even stoichiometric analysis of individual protein complexes on the single molecule level (SM-SiCPull).
Using the nanobody live cell micropatterning, we could demonstrate that ISG15 acts as a double-edged sword. On the one side, ISG15 canonically rescues USP18 from proteolytic degradation, but on the other side interferes with USP18 binding to STAT2, thus partially obstructing USP18’s recruitment to IFNAR2 via STAT2. Furthermore, investigation on the protein domains revealed steric hindrance, as truncation of the N-terminal ISG15 domain abolished the competition. Moreover, SiCPull demonstrated a robust analysis of interaction dynamics of unstimulated STATs, ranging from stable interactions with a lifetime of half an hour, to transient interactions of only mere seconds. Using SM-SiCPull, we could analyze the stoichiometry of individual protein complexes, revealing that both unstimulated and IFN-induced phosphorylated STAT1 featured complex stoichiometries ranging from monomers and dimers to even tetramers.
The here presented methods have the potential for broad application in protein interaction analysis, as they are very robust and well compatible with modern cell biology, requiring only relatively simple equipment for microcontact printing, while employing nanobodies for a generalized pull-down strategy
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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