1,720,969 research outputs found
Still Seeking Coordination? Assessing German Employers’ Interests in the Digitalized Social Market Economy
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OT-Verbände in der Metall- und Elektrobranche: Stabilisierung des Tarifsystems auf tönernen Füßen?
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OT-Verbände & OT-Mitgliedschaften in der Metall- und Elektrobranche: Stabilisierung des Tarifsystems auf tönernen Füßen?
Full text linkArbeitgeberverbände in der Metall- und Elektroindustrie (M+E) haben in den 1990er Jahren begonnen, Verbände und Mitgliedschaften ohne Tarifbindung (OT) einzuführen. Der Beitrag fragt unter Berücksichtigung zentraler theoretischer Erklärungsmodelle, inwiefern sich diese Strategie stabilisierend oder destabilisierend auf das Tarifsystem auswirkt. Neben einer regionalen Betrachtung der Entwicklung und Struktur der OT-Optionen bilden eine Auswertung von Expertinnen- und Experteninterviews mit M+E-Arbeitgeberverbänden sowie eine Unternehmensbefragung die Grundlage der Untersuchung. Während Arbeitgeber die Vorteile des Flächentarifvertrags grundsätzlich schätzen, ist die Akzeptanz von zentralen Regelungen (Entgelthöhe, Arbeitszeitvolumen) gesunken. Aus Verbandssicht erscheinen OT-Strukturen daher notwendig, um vor allem KMU weiterhin organisieren zu können. Seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre hat sich der tarifliche Deckungsgrad der Beschäftigten in der M+E-Industrie stabilisiert. In Verbindung mit Öffnungsklauseln führt OT jedoch auch zu einer fortschreitenden Flexibilisierung und Differenzierung innerhalb des Tarifsystems. In einigen Tarifregionen wird OT auch als strategisches Druckmittel zur Disziplinierung der IG Metall eingesetzt. Bislang waren die Tarifpartner insbesondere in Krisenzeiten zwar in der Lage zu pragmatischen Einigungen zu gelangen. Allerdings deuten die beidseitig stärker konfligierenden Strategien dabei auf eine Stabilisierung auf tönernen Füßen hin.Employer organisations in the metal and electrical industry (M+E) first began to offer membership to firms not participating in collective bargaining in the 1990s. Taking into account central theoretical approaches, this article asks to what extent this "ohne Tarifbindung" (OT - not covered by collective agreements) membership strategy has had a stabilizing or destabilizing effect on the collective bargaining system. Besides a regional analysis of OT development and structures, an evaluation of expert interviews with M+E employer associations and a company survey form the basis of this study. While employers in principle support the advantages of sector-level agreements, the acceptance of core regulations (pay levels, working time volume) has declined. From the perspective of employer associations, the OT structures are a necessary means to organize SMEs. Since the mid-2000s, the collective bargaining coverage of employees in the metal and electrical industry has stabilised. These opening clause developments, however, have resulted in increasing flexibility and differentiation within the collective bargaining system. In some collective bargaining regions, employer associations have used the OT as a strategic means to exert pressure on the IG Metall. Although the social partners have been able to reach pragmatic agreements, especially in times of crises, these conflicting strategies on the part of both parties point to a stabilisation process built on clay feet
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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