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Historic Webster Vol. 1 No. 5
No full textHistoric Webster is a newsletter of the Webster Historical Society, Inc., created at the Society’s founding in 1974. The publication helped to serve the Society's mission of collecting and preserving the history of Webster, North Carolina. Webster, established in 1851, was the original county seat for Jackson County.WCU's Founders Day Celebration
Of Special Interest To Webster
Western Carolina University's
Founders Day Celebration and
Inauguration of Dr. Harold F.
Robinson as Chancellor on October
26 promises to be an important
event for Webster as well as
the university. The all day celebration,
which marks WCU's
eighty-fi[th birthday, is planned
to be a tribute to the men and
women who built the past, and
many of those to be recognized
had strong ties with Webster .
Websterite Robert Lee Madison
, founder and first president of
the institute in Cullowhee, will be
the focal point of a pageant
entitled ''Dream A Long Shadow,"
to be performed at 2:30
p.m . in Memorial Stadium. The
dramatization depicts the growth
of WCU from an Indian valley to
the present university with an
e~rollment of 6,000. The empha SIS
of the pageant is on the early
days of the institution with Professor
Madison as the most
col?rful character. The pageant ,
wh1ch was written by Lillian
Wyatt Hirt , public relations director
at Southwestern Technical
Institute, will be narrated by two
WCV ):!r~dUdles, David and Betty
Iiin. Approximately fifty persons
":ill be involved in the acting,
d•rected by WCU English faculty
member William Paulk.
The theme for the day-long
celebration will be "The Progress
Of An Idea ," a phrase
taken from the title of a history of
the university written by Presi dent
Emeritus W. E. Bird. The
phrase was employed in earlier
times by Professor Madison to
capture the spirit of how and why
the institution was begun.
The Inauguration and Founders
Day Steering Committee is
chaired by Dr. Marilyn Jody,
WCU English faculty member
and vice president of the Webster
Histo rical Society. Under her
direction, committees have been
working on the celebration since
last spring.
The formal inauguration of Dr.
Harold F. "Cotton" Robinson as
WCU's new chancellor will take
place at 10:30 at Reid Health
and Physical Education Building.
The new chancellor is himself a
mounta in man. A native of
Bandana in Mitchell County , Dr.
Robinson is interested in fostering
an appreciation of the culture
and hi story of the region and the
university .
Delegates from colleges and
universities throughout the country
are being invited to the
formal inauguration. Dr. William
Friday, president of the University
of North Carolina, will
preside at the inauguration and
conduct the formal installation of
Dr. Robinson .
Governor Jim Holshouser is
scheduled to attend, bringing the
official greetings of the state to
the new chancellor. Delivering
the inaugural address will be
Clifford R. Hardin, former U. S.
Secretary of Agriculture and now
chairman of the board of Ralston-
Purina Company.
Special greetings to the chancellor
will be brought by Clifford
Lovjn , the vice chairman of the
Faculty-Administration Senate ;
Donna Clemer, president of the
Student Body ; Keith R. Hundley
of Washington , D. C., president of
the WCU Alumni Association;
James H. Glenn, chairman of the
board of trustees and William A.
Dees, Jr., of Goldsboro, chairman
of the board of governors.
A formal academic procession ,
in which all visiting delegates
and the Western Carolina faculty
will take part will be a part of the
ina uguration . All university students
are invited to the inauguration
and have been urged by
Dr. Jody to attend. Special
invitations have been sent to
honor students , and they will
receive recognition after the
procession.
An inaugural luncheon will be
held in Dodson Cafeteria for
visiting delegates and special
guests including retired faculty
and staff members and members
of the families of the founders.
Because of limited seating, the
luncheon will be by invitation.
Congressman Roy A. Taylor will
be the luncheon speaker.
At noor. , the " Hallways of
Time," an exhibition of historical
artifacts, pictures and other displays
depicting the growth and
development of the institution
will open in Belk Building. The
exhibition will remain opened
until 2:00 and then will reopen
from 3:00 until 10:00 p.m.
" Hallways of Time" will present
a capsule history of WCU. On
hand ~viii be displays consisting
of artifacts and memorabilia of
Western's four founders, Robert
L, Madison , Alonzo C. Reynolds,
H1ram T. Hunter and William E.
Bird. A portrait of Madison
painted by his wife, and Mrs.
Madison's portrait will be displayed
along with those of the
other early founders. " Hallways
of Time" will be concluded with a
sound-film strip which will offer a
more detailed history of the
university. The exhibition is free
to all students, faculty , members
of the university community and
guests . Refreshments will be
served in the foyer of Belk
Building at the conclusion of each
show.
At2:30 p.m. , the Founders Day
program will open in Memorial
Stadium, with Frank H. Brown,
Jr ., vice chancellor for development
and extended services, presiding
. All "oldtimers" and founders
and members of their families
will be given special recognition
and President Emeritus
Paul A. Reid will speak. At this
time, the pageant, "Dream 6
Long Shadow" will be presented.
fr!t 6tg·~ii,a:~~td~~r ~e~~~~cu:t
Whitmire Stadium , followed by
entertainment by Lula Belle and
Scotty Wiseman of country music
fame, the Marc Pruett Band, and
the Bill Nichols Family Cloggers.
Exhibition square dancing and
square dancing for all who want
to join in has been planned.
The " Hallways of Time" will
reopen at 4 p.m. and remain open
until 10 p.m . Campus bus tours
for visitors are being arranged
by the Student Government Association.
Many persons planning to attend
the_ festivities are planning
to dress m clothes reminiscent of
the turn of the century.
Historic W ehster Huge Success
Historic Webster Week, sponsored
by the Webster Historical
Society and occurring July 4
through July 7 at the former
Webster School was by all accounts
a huge success. Excellent
organization , careful planning,
and enthusiastic implementation
of the plans resulted in a celebration
unequaled in form er July
Fourths in Jackson County.
Crowds thronged the grounds,
halls and rooms . Food, entertainment
and games abounded. It
was a time for renewing acquain·
lances and visiting with old
friends , for many had planned
their vacation trips to Jackson
County to coincide with the
week 's festivities .
Days of hard work were necessary
to clean a nd put into usable
shape the grounds and the building
for the week 's events. Spencer
Clark aided by community
helpers, accomplished this with
great dispatch .
Paul and Linda c- • ., overall
chairmer., ..vorked tirelessly in
planning , assigning responsibilities
, and assisting in the implementation
of the Special Events.
The celebration began at five
o'clock Thursday , July 4, with a
delicious dinner catered by Canterbury
Inn and served in the
auditorium by Webster women.
At seven were the flag raising
ceremonies by Boy Scout Troop
No. 903 of Webster. With Roy
Baker, Mayor of Webster , serving
as Master of Ceremonies, Mr.
Arthur Allman and Mrs. Lillie
Rhinehart were introduced as
Mr. and Mrs. Historic Webster.
Belly Price, President of the
Webster Historical Society, presented
the two with beautifully
inscribed scrolls made by Elizabeth
Keyes of Sylva.
At eight o'clock in the auditorium
, eight students , the " University
Players," from the Department
of Speech and Theatre
Arts of Western Carolina University,
gave an hour's program of
readings and music in keeping
with the Fourth of July theme.
Their director was Dr. Kathleen
Carr of the drama department of
the university.
A precision smooth performance
by the Webster Cloggers,
country music and square dancing
rounded out the evening.
Friday, July 5, brought the
opening of the Arts and Crafts
booths to which the crowds
flocked. Much interest was
evinced in the quilting , weaving
and wood carving. Many attractive
handmade articles were for
sale by the Junior Homemakers
Club . Linda Perry, with her
dulcimer, entertained the visi·
tors.
On the school grounds, games
and contests supervised by
James Roper, delighted young
and old.
A buffet dinner, catered by
Canterbury Inn , was followed at
7:30 by the WCU production
"The World of Carl Sandburg."'
The Arts and Crafts booths
were again open on Saturday.
Martha Willis of Appalachian
Shop presented in a room , set
aside for that purpose, continuous
s~owings of films on Appalachian
culture. Bingo in ano·
ther room provided entertainment
for the foot weary.
On the school grounds in the
afternoon, the Horse Show drew a
large attendance. The mouth
watering aroma of barbecued
pork and chicken, cooked in an
open pit , filled the air. Later, this
meat provided the main item in
the dinner served in the auditorium
by the Jaycees.
A second performance at 7:30
p.m. of "The World of Carl
Sandburg" was the highlight of
the evening. Country music and
square dancing concluded the
day's events.
Sunday, July 7 at 1:00 p.m . was
Continued On Page 3
l\lr. Arthur Allman receiving his scroll from Betty Price.
--+X+---+>0< ....... ..-•e• - ~+- ,- .~.00.-+)0..~¢
Buy A Cookbook
it is st ill nvlrc than two months until Christmas and
already your mailboxes a rc filling up with catalogues
frnm a ll rJV er the country with a mi lliQn suggestions fQr
gift s. Christmas shopping should really not. be a chm·e this
year. For each family Qn your Chri stmas gift list, there
shf)uld be a t least nne CQpy of The Webster Cookbook.
It can a lmost be guaranteed that Christmas will be
merrier if The Webster Cookbook is found under the tree.
But dnn"t wai t until that mQrning to open. If you do delay.
it may be toQ late to cook the special holiday dinner that is
described in the bnQk. It tells how to prepare an Qld
fashioned western North Carolina dinner from sillabub to
rQast tu rkey to fresh cocQnut cake.
There is llQ dQubt that The Webster Cookbook wi ll be the
most ptJpular present opened that morning. Not only will
you enjQy reading the favori te recipes Qf your friends and
neighbors. but alsiJ you just won 't be able to keep from
smiling l)r giving a sigh when you read Dorothy Moore's
recollection of a snQwy Christmas day in early twentieth
century Webste r. The snQW, the candlelight, the carols
drifting up the road from the Methodist Church, the table
groaning under its weight of holiday foQd . It all still
sounds like Webster.
\'Qu'll want to tarry Qver Florence Rhinehart's
sketches--t he court house , the old school , the Hedden
Hnuse. the MQQre House--and remember the fun there. If
you have 111f)VCd away, you will wish you were there ; and
if you still live in Webster, you'll be glad.
There is just tQO much to describe, but it is a book fQr all
seasQns. You can as easily plan a summer dinner with
Dottie Thornburg's grapefruit salad as you can a fall
supper with lea ther britches beans and cornbread. If you
~rc looking for adventures in cooking, cooking the old
lime way, you will wan t to try Florence Fisher's recipes
fnr wild game. Even if you don't have the meat to cook
"her way" you wi ll enjoy reading the way she did it.
The first editiQn of The Webster Cookbook. a hard back
book with a colored dust jacket of the village from
Riverwood Hill , will be off the press in November. If
orders con tinue tQ come in as t_hey are coming now , the
books may be sold out by the lime they arrive from the
publishe,·. If you have ordered your copy, remember to
get one fm a holiday present for a friend or relative. If you
don't use your order blank oass it on to ::i friend who mav
not have seen it. We guarantee it as a book you will be
proud to own and have on your book shelf.
Joe Parker Rhinehart
-~¢(~:•. "1!'-+-.,.e, --.}¢(-.-~...-.,-.,_.-,_.:_~.:,;;:._~;:~_;-+::;:) +-'""'·~·~~<!f~
Page 2 HISTORIC WEBSTER FALL !974
Country Store
An old·fashioned Country Store
materialized in a former classroom
for Historic Webster Days.
Gray, barn, time weathered
boards on loan from Dr. Ralph
Morgan provided a folksy backdrop
to tables of home baked
breads , cakes, cookies, fresh and
home canned produce and handmade
crafts.
The old timey feeling was
enhanced by the loan of many
treasured fam ily heirlooms from
Webster folks . Many people were
drawn to the store by all these
relics from the past. The young
people couldn 't even guess what
most of them were. They included
a handcrank corn sheller, a
large iron wash pot and a butter
press lent by Hattie and Dan
Cowan ; and many small kitchen
items including an iron , cabbage
shredder, leather britches and
dried herbs belonging to Marilyn
Jody and Betty Price. The baked
goods were displayed in old cases
from Roy Baker's shop, which
were donated by him to the
Webster Historical Society.
The scale from the old Webster
sto re, sti ll in good working order,
was on loan to the Country Store
from Helen Cowan. Barbara
Mann lent her extensive tool and
utensil collection. This was
Another news brief: Our Society
President has been appointed
Director of Jackson County's
Bi-Centennial celebration in 1976
which promises to be an exciting
year nationwide . Your ideas are
solicited.
:l!t:::;:::::;::::::::::~:::::::'fili
Staff
EDITORS
Mrs. Louise Davis
Ms. Alice Harri ll
Dr. Marilyn Jody
TYPISTS
Mrs. Sara Barret
Mrs. Jennie Lou Hunter
CONTRIBUTORS
Mrs. Isabel Carlton
Mrs. Elizabeth Keys
Mr. James A. Madison
Mrs. Diane Nicholson
;:;: Mr. Joe Parker Rhinehart ;:;:-
;t:::;:;:;:;:~f~:::?::~:~~:~~::~~:~~~~:;::::::::~?
~ounted on one wall and provided
many a visitor with lots of
good fun , remembering and
guesswork . An heirloom calico
ta ble cloth belonging to Mildred
Cowan covered the craft table. A
beehive string holder from the
post office provided package
wrapping material.
The Flower Garden Quilt was
won by Ethel Buchanan, a Webster
resident. Southwestern
Technical Institute, Extension
Division donated their work on
the quilt.
Special demonstrations
brought crowds into the Country
Store on Friday and Saturday
afternoons. Hattie Cowan demonstrated
butter churning, with
the eager assistance of several
onlookers. The delicious results
were sold before the demonstration
was fini shed.
Susan Morgan demonstrated
spinning and Martha Fraker
showed backstrap weaving. Arlene
Stewart set up her broom
making equipment and compl eted
two brooms.
Judging by the overflow crowd
and many questions to a talk and
di splay of herbal medicine by
Marina Shebitz, there is a widespread
renewal of interest in the
medicine used by our forefathers.
Mrs. Shebitz did a brisk business
with her golden seal and myrrh ,
and comfrey sa lves.
A store feature enjoyed by the
young people was a checkerboard
and a coupl e of old nail kegs for
sitting on and just whiling away
time in a fri endly game or two .
The Country Store was officially
open from 10-6 Friday and
Saturday. It was so popular that
plans are to open evenings too
next year.
One of Webster 's oldest residents,
Miss Lucy Hedden, hon·
ored the store with her enthusiastic
help. Other storekeepers in
old fashioned attire incluried
Judy Bacon, Laura Coffey , Judy
Coyle, Ann McFadden, Lois Powers,
Lolly Safford , Gracia Slater
, Gail Wilson and Carol Wood.
The Country Store sold all the
homemade breads, brownies,
cookies and goodies we could
bake or borrow . In addit ion , by
actual count, we sold 274 five cent
candy sticks, canned goods ,
Cherokee Sheltered Workshop
beads, brooms, patchwork pillows,
corn shuck dolls, and other
crafts.
Submitted by: Gracia Slater
World Of Carl Sandburg
" rhe World of Car l Sandburg" was presented at the
1/\ebs fer School on July 5 and 6 preceded by dinner each
evening. The presentation by the players was fantastic
and enJoyed by all who attended.
rhe play was compi led and adapted by Norman
C.orw in and covered the works ot Car l Sa ndburg tram
lhe crad le to the grave. It was a compilation ot song,
prose, and poetry displaying Mr. Sandburg's sense ot
humor, sen se of beauty and sense of t ragedy.
r he players were Nancy Hammill ot Brevard, James
[ ichling of Pumpkin Town, and Robert Zipperer of
Ra leigh. Dr. Kathleen Ca rr ot the Department ot Speech
and rheatre Arts at Western Carolina Uni vers ity was
the director.
The Webster Cookbook
Drawer W
Webster, North Carolina 28788
Or der Form
From The
Scrapbook
(From the Jackson
County Journal)
Dr. A. S. Nichols and Miss Rosa
Cole were very nearly going
down the Tuckaseigee without
the aid of a boat. Not supposing
the river to be so full , they drove
their buggy into the stream and
in the middle of it the mule
refused to go on . The water was
running over the top of the buggy.
It looked as if Miss Cole would be
drowned, but just at the right
time a dar key on a mule went into
the river and rescued Miss Rosa
first and afterwards the Dr.
<From the Jackson
County Journal>
Webster is still in the lead . One
of her progressive children , 0 . B.
Coward, has put down the first
piece of paved side walk ever
seen in Jackson County. He has
finished up about 40 ft. in front of
his store and it looks so pretty
that Mr. Joe Rhinehart just
across the street is almost ready
to put the cement on the walk in
front of his store. If our good
people will keep this work up, the
people of Jackson county will yet
be proud of Webster. Who will
follow th e example set?
Wild-Gribble
<From the J ackson
County Journal)
A pretty home wedding was
celebrated at the home of Mr.
Rufus Gribble, in Savannah
township, at eleven o'clock on
Wednesday morning, June 7. The
contracting parties were Mr.
Charlie Wild, of Webster, and
Miss Effie Gribble, rl a u {l:~' :·r oi
Mr. Rufus Gr ibble. .~. 11 ..: bridesmaids
·.; ere Misses Carrie Bumgarner
and Julie Frizell. The
groomsmen were Messrs . J . T.
Gribble and John Stewart. Miss
Bumgarner was maid of honor.
The ceremony was performed by
the writer in the presence of a
large number of relatives and
friends, all of whom joined in
wishing th e young couple a happy
and prosperous life .
Immedia tely after the ceremony
the bridal party left for the
home of the groom where a large
number were gathered to receive
and welcome the bride and
groom. Soon aft er the arrival the
guests were invited into the
dining room where a bountiful
dinner was served , which was
very much enjoyed by the large
number present. Then, after an
hour 's pleasant conversation,
about the house and on the lawn,
the guests departed to their
homes, all expressing good wishes
for the happy young couple.
May God 's richest blessings
ever attend their pathway.
V. L. Marsh
(Mr. V. L. Marsh was Webster
circuit preacher in 1903·1905.)
Enclosed isS------:---- Send .""!e-----c.opies of THE WEBSTER COOKBOOK a t
S6.00 plus .75 fo ~ wrappmg and ma tltng . North Carolina residents add .2-4 sales ta x. Indicate on
~e parate ~ h ~e t _ d books are to be mailed to other than person making order . Gift cards will be
tncluded .1 f tnd tcaled.
NAME
ADDRE SS
CITY -------- STATE------ ZIP---
Additional Members Of The
Webster Historical Society
Omitted rrom the First Charter List
Barrett, Dr. A. L.
Cannon , Mrs. Lewis
Leonard, Mr. and Mrs. Raymond
Potts, Mr. and Mrs. Hubert
Simpson, Mr. and Mrs. Ray
Sutton, Mrs. Fred
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Additional Charter Members
Allman , Aian
Ashe, Zeb
Allison , Hannah
Allison , Roy
Brown, David Hall
Brown, Frank H.
Brown, Sara Cowan
Bryson , Mr. and Mrs. J . S.
Buchanan, Ruth
Bumgarner, Ernest
Burrell, Conrad
Byer, Katherine S.
Cagle, Harry
Chester, Lawrence M.
Cogdill , Bonnie
Cogdiii , Pat
Cowan, Frank
Cowan, Dr. and Mrs. William J.
Coward, Mr. and Mrs. Ray
Cross , Mrs. Mary
Crowe, Mrs. Dewey
Davis, Chris
Davis, Robert
Dewees, Mrs. Mary E .
Evans, Mr. and Mrs. Jim
Gauzens, Mr. and Mrs. T. 0 .
Hager, Mrs. Sue
Hall , Robert C.
Harding , Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Hooker , Robert
Hughes, Glenn
Jakes, Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Kneedler, Mr. and Mrs. Jay
Kennedy , Mrs. F . R.
Kinsland , Mr. and Mrs. Tommy
McCoy, Padgett
McCray, Mrs. Jane
McDonald, Mrs. M. F.
Mabry, Mr. and Mrs. Malcom
Massie, Mr. and Mrs. Harvey
Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Donald
Morgan, Dr. and Mrs. Ralph
Nichols, Mrs. Mary B.
Painter , Mr. and Mrs. Eldridge
Pangle, Jr ., Mr . and Mrs. Henry D.
Parris, Mr. and Mrs. John
Peacock, Richard
Perry, Mr. and Mrs. Dwain
Phillips, Charles H.
Purser , Sara B.
Rathbun , Mrs. A. A.
Roper , Mr. and Mrs. John
Rowlson , Mrs. Hannah Lou
Searcy, James
Shore, Miriam Y.
Sitten, David D.
Smith, Reverend Joe
Smith, June T.
Sumner, Florence
Walker, Mrs. W. Queally
Widman, Mr. and Mrs . F. W.
Williams, Max R.
Wilson , Mr. and Mrs. Bobby
Woodard, Jr ., Charles D.
Wright, Mrs. C. C.
Tennessee
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Australia
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
California
North Carolina
North Carolina
Nor th Carolina
Nor th Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Georgia
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
North Carolina
Florida
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Florida
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Nor th Carolina
Florida
NQrth Carolina
North Carolina
Nor th Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
California
Virginia
Florida
North Carolina
Maryland
U.S. Army
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
Florida
Members After July 10, 1974
Allison , Jack
Cargill, Laurie
Coward, James 0 .
Davis, Th
The role of Ruditapes philippinarum glutathione transferases in the metabolism of microcystin-LR
No full textNo abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are phase II enzymes involved in the microcystin (MC) induced detoxication processes. In this study we analyze and compare the metabolism of MC-LR by the cytosolic GSTs from gills and hepatopancreas of Ruditapes philippinarum. Cytosolic GSTs were purified by glutathione (GSH)–agarose affinity chromatography from exposed and non-exposed bivalves to MC-LR (100 µg/L) representing the inducible and constitutive (Basal) GST fractions, respectively. For each mixture, we examined the in vitro cytosolic GST inhibition efficiency of the conjugation of CDNB to GSH by MC-LR and characterize the inhibition mechanism. Results support the important role of GST enzymes in detoxification of MCs in bivalve mollusk
Transcriptional responses of glutathione transferase genes in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to microcystin-LR
No full textNo abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Microcystins (MCs) are potent hepatotoxins produced by bloom-forming species of toxic cyanobacteria. Among these, MC-LR is the most commonly found and toxic variant. Bivalves, due to their benthic and sedentary mode of life, are one of the most threatened organisms by these environmental stressors. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play a major role in cellular defense against MCs toxicity. The aim of this study was to compare the relative changes of gene expression of the different GSTs isoforms in mollusc bivalves exposed to MCs. The time-dependent changes of relative transcription abundance of several GST isoforms in parallel with enzymatic activity of total GST were investigated in gills and hepatopancreas of Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to dissolved MC-LR. The relative changes of gene expression and enzyme activity were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and colorimetric assays respectively. We found that MC-LR could affect the transcriptional activities of these detoxification enzymes in gills and hepatopancreas of the tested bivalves. Most GST isoforms showed differential response profiles depending on the concentrations of MC-LR and exposure times for clams. These results highlight the important role of GSTs in counteracting the potential deleterious effects induced by MCs in bivalve
Fast removal of cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR by a low-cytotoxic microgel-Fe(III) complex
No full textEutrophication has become a serious environmental threat throughout the world. In particular, the presence of cyanobacteria toxins, especially microcystins (MCs), has become a severe problem. Inhibition of Microcystis growth in water resources is the most effective way to reduce MCs, but it is a long-term investment. In the present study, a microgel-Fe(III) complex was developed for the fast removal of MC-LR. The microgel-Fe(III) characteristics and the MC-LR removal dynamics in Milli-Q water and natural water were evaluated. The removal efficiency negatively correlated to the initial MC-LR concentration and pH value (2.0-11.5), but the kinetics was not significantly influenced. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water slightly reduced MC-LR removal using microgel-Fe(III). In addition, microgel-Fe(III) removed 98.99% of MC-LR in 12 min, while for activated carbon, it took 15-24 h to reach equilibrium. Furthermore, methanol was found to regenerate the microgel-Fe(III) after MC-LR removal for at least five regeneration cycles. Finally, the microgel-Fe(III) material was made into a membrane so that MCs could be removed by filtration. Therefore, microgel-Fe(III) is an effective technology and has a great potential in removing MC-LR from drinking water resources. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Eutrophication has become a serious environmental threat throughout the world. In particular, the presence of cyanobacteria toxins, especially microcystins (MCs), has become a severe problem. Inhibition of Microcystis growth in water resources is the most effective way to reduce MCs, but it is a long-term investment. In the present study, a microgel-Fe(III) complex was developed for the fast removal of MC-LR. The microgel-Fe(III) characteristics and the MC-LR removal dynamics in Milli-Q water and natural water were evaluated. The removal efficiency negatively correlated to the initial MC-LR concentration and pH value (2.0-11.5), but the kinetics was not significantly influenced. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water slightly reduced MC-LR removal using microgel-Fe(III). In addition, microgel-Fe(III) removed 98.99% of MC-LR in 12 min, while for activated carbon, it took 15-24 h to reach equilibrium. Furthermore, methanol was found to regenerate the microgel-Fe(III) after MC-LR removal for at least five regeneration cycles. Finally, the microgel-Fe(III) material was made into a membrane so that MCs could be removed by filtration. Therefore, microgel-Fe(III) is an effective technology and has a great potential in removing MC-LR from drinking water resources. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Incremental Scannerless Generalized LR Parsing
No full textThe Scannerless Generalized LR (SGLR) parsing algorithm supports the development of composed languages seamlessly but does not support incremental parsing. The Incremental Generalized LR (IGLR) parsing algorithm, on the other hand, does not support the seamless composition of languages. This thesis presents the Incremental Scannerless Generalized LR (ISGLR) parsing algorithm and investigates the effects of combining the SGLR and IGLR parsing algorithms. While the algorithmic differences are orthogonal, the fact that scannerless parsing relies on non-deterministic parsing for disambiguation has a negative impact on incrementality. Nonetheless, we show that the ISGLR parsing algorithm performs better than the batch SGLR parsing algorithm in typical scenarios. On average, the ISGLR parser can reuse 99% of a previous parse result. When parsing from scratch, the ISGLR parser has a 24% run time overhead compared to the SGLR parser, but when parsing incrementally for changes that are smaller than 1% of the input size on average, it has a 9× speedup.Successor of https://doi.org/10.1145/3359061.3361085Computer Scienc
TOXIC EFFECTS OF MICROCYSTIN-LR ON MICE ERYTHROCYTES in vitro
No full textHaematological abnormalities have been verified in patients intoxicated by microcystins (MCs) in haemodialysis unit in Caruaru, Brazil, and 60 patients died. In our previous studies, obvious anemia has been determined in rabbit after in vivo exposure to microcystins. As to the cause of the anemia, except for hematopoiesis obstacles, we hypothesized that microcystins result in erythrocyte destruction. In the present study, Kunming mice erythrocytes in vitro were incubated with 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nM microcystin-LR at 37 degrees C. Lipid peroxidation, haemolysis, cell morphology, antioxidative response and some biochemical biomarkers were measured. The results showed that the level of lipid peroxidation significantly increased in microcystin-LR treatment groups. The level of glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased after incubation with microcystin-LR at 12, 24 and 48 h. Also, significant decreases in activities of acetylcholinesterase, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were observed. Obvious increases of haemolysis were determined in 10, 100 and 1000 nM groups from 12 to 48 h. Additionally, abnormal erythrocytes with bleb-bing and notched cell membrane were observed in both 100 and 1000 nM groups. It is presumed that microcystin-LR triggers lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and oxidative stress destroys the structure of cell membrane, leading to alterations of antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indicators. Our results demonstrate that in vitro exposure to microcystin-LR resulted in damage of mice erythrocytes.Haematological abnormalities have been verified in patients intoxicated by microcystins (MCs) in haemodialysis unit in Caruaru, Brazil, and 60 patients died. In our previous studies, obvious anemia has been determined in rabbit after in vivo exposure to microcystins. As to the cause of the anemia, except for hematopoiesis obstacles, we hypothesized that microcystins result in erythrocyte destruction. In the present study, Kunming mice erythrocytes in vitro were incubated with 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nM microcystin-LR at 37 degrees C. Lipid peroxidation, haemolysis, cell morphology, antioxidative response and some biochemical biomarkers were measured. The results showed that the level of lipid peroxidation significantly increased in microcystin-LR treatment groups. The level of glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased after incubation with microcystin-LR at 12, 24 and 48 h. Also, significant decreases in activities of acetylcholinesterase, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were observed. Obvious increases of haemolysis were determined in 10, 100 and 1000 nM groups from 12 to 48 h. Additionally, abnormal erythrocytes with bleb-bing and notched cell membrane were observed in both 100 and 1000 nM groups. It is presumed that microcystin-LR triggers lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and oxidative stress destroys the structure of cell membrane, leading to alterations of antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indicators. Our results demonstrate that in vitro exposure to microcystin-LR resulted in damage of mice erythrocytes
Construction Methods of LR Parsers
No full textThis paper presents five different LR parser generators and an error recovery method which is derived directly from the LR parser. The parsers presented include the original LR (1) parser defined by Knuth. The SLR(1) and LALR(1) parsers defined by DeRemer, and the weak and strong compatible LR parsers presented by Pager. All five parsers have been implemented by the author using two programs. Furthermore, the implementation of the SLR (1) parser generator includes an error recovery method and produces an SLR(1) parser with error recovery built in
Microcystin-LR stabilizes c-myc protein by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A in HEK293 cells
No full textMicrocystin-LR is the most toxic and the most frequently encountered toxin produced by the cyanobacteria in the contaminated aquatic environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that Microcystin-LR is a potential carcinogen for animals and humans, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified Microcystin-LR as a possible human carcinogen. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of Microcystin-LR-induced carcinogenesis remain a mystery. C-myc is a proto-oncogene, abnormal expression of which contributes to the tumor development. Although several studies have demonstrated that Microcystin-LR could induce c-myc expression at the transcriptional level, the exact connection between Microcystin-LR toxicity and c-myc response remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the c-myc protein increased in HEK293 cells after exposure to Microcystin-LR. Coexpression of protein phosphatase 2A and two stable c-myc protein point mutants (either c-myc(T58A) or c-myc(562A)) showed that Microcystin-LR increased c-myc protein level mainly through inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A activity which altered the phosphorylation status of serine 62 on c-myc. In addition, we also showed that Microcystin-LR could increase c-myc promoter activity as revealed by luciferase reporter assay. And the TATA box for P1 promoter of c-myc might be involved. Our results suggested that Microcystin-LR can stimulate c-myc transcription and stabilize c-myc protein, which might contribute to hepatic tumorigenesis in animals and humans. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Microcystin-LR is the most toxic and the most frequently encountered toxin produced by the cyanobacteria in the contaminated aquatic environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that Microcystin-LR is a potential carcinogen for animals and humans, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified Microcystin-LR as a possible human carcinogen. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of Microcystin-LR-induced carcinogenesis remain a mystery. C-myc is a proto-oncogene, abnormal expression of which contributes to the tumor development. Although several studies have demonstrated that Microcystin-LR could induce c-myc expression at the transcriptional level, the exact connection between Microcystin-LR toxicity and c-myc response remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the c-myc protein increased in HEK293 cells after exposure to Microcystin-LR. Coexpression of protein phosphatase 2A and two stable c-myc protein point mutants (either c-myc(T58A) or c-myc(562A)) showed that Microcystin-LR increased c-myc protein level mainly through inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A activity which altered the phosphorylation status of serine 62 on c-myc. In addition, we also showed that Microcystin-LR could increase c-myc promoter activity as revealed by luciferase reporter assay. And the TATA box for P1 promoter of c-myc might be involved. Our results suggested that Microcystin-LR can stimulate c-myc transcription and stabilize c-myc protein, which might contribute to hepatic tumorigenesis in animals and humans. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Sulforaphane prevents microcystin-LR-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in BALB/c mice
No full textMicrocystins (MCs), the products of blooming algae Microcystis, are waterborne environmental toxins that have been implicated in the development of liver cancer, necrosis, and even fatal intrahepatic bleeding. Alternative protective approaches in addition to complete removal of MCs in drinking water are urgently needed. In our previous work, we found that sulforaphane (SFN) protects against microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-induced cytotoxicity by activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated defensive response in human hepatoma (HepG2) and NIH 3T3 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate and confirm efficacy the SFN-induced multi-mechanistic defense system against MC-induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model. We report that SFN protected against MC-LR-induced liver damage and animal death at a nontoxic and physiologically relevant dose in BALB/c mice. The protection by SFN included activities of anti-cytochrome P450 induction, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Our results suggest that SFN may protect mice against MC-induced hepatotoxicity. This raises the possibility of a similar protective effect in human populations, particularly in developing countries where freshwaters are polluted by blooming algae. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
The health insurance industry: perpetuating the opioid crisis through policies of cost-containment and profitability
No full textMichael E Schatman1, Lynn R Webster21Foundation for Ethics in Pain Care, Bellevue, WA, USA; 2PRA Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"People don’t trust private health insurance companies for all the right reasons." – Senator Bernie Sanders.Throughout the world, industrialized nations look at the USA and are befuddled by its opioid crisis. Between 1999 and 2011, we witnessed the number of opioid deaths in the USA increase from 4,030 to 16,917,1 with these figures having seemingly stabilized over the past several years.2 Many agree regarding the root causes of the crisis, with an analysis by Webster et al3 identifying health comorbidities (most prominently substance use disorders), payer policies mandating methadone as a first-line treatment option, physician error due to a lack of knowledge, patient nonadherence, unanticipated medical and mental health issues, concomitant utilization of other central nervous system depressants such as benzodiazepines, and sleep-disordered breathing as contributory
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