1,721,580 research outputs found
The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water?
No full textThe overall goal of this book is to
change the way urban policy makers think about urban water
management, planning, and project design in Africa. African
cities are growing quickly, and their current water
management systems cannot keep up with growing demand. It
will take a concerted effort on the part of decision makers
across sectors and institutions to find a way to provide
sustainable water services to African city dwellers. This
book argues that these complex challenges require innovative
solutions and a management system that can work across
institutional, sectoral, and geographic boundaries. A survey
conducted for this analysis shows that African city leaders
and utility operators are looking for ways to include a
broader range of issues, such as water resources management,
flood and drought preparation, rainwater harvesting, and
solid waste management, than previously addressed in their
water management plans. This book argues that integrated
urban water management (IUWM) will help policy makers in
African cities consider a wider range of solutions,
understand water's interaction with other sectors, and
secure resilience under a range of future conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Synthesis and properties of Rh(I) and Ir(I) distibine complexes with organometallic co-ligands
No full textThe first series of Rh(I) distibine complexes with organometallic co-ligands is described, including the five-coordinate [Rh(cod)(distibine)Cl], the 16-electron planar cations [Rh(cod)(distibine)] BF4 and [Rh{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)] BF4 and the five-coordinate [Rh(CO)(distibine)(2)][Rh(CO)(2)Cl-2] (distibine = R2Sb(CH2)(3)SbR2, R = Ph or Me, and o-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2)). The corresponding Ir(I) species [Ir( cod)(distibine)] BF4 and [Ir{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}2] BF4 have also been prepared. The complexes have been characterised by H-1 and C-13{H-1} NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry and microanalysis. The crystal structure of the anion exchanged [Rh(CO){Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)]PF6 center dot 3/4CH(2)Cl(2) is also described. The methyl-substituted distibine complexes are less stable than the complexes of Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2, with C-Sb fission occurring in some of the complexes of the former. The salts [Rh(CO){Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)]PF6 and [Rh{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}2] BF4 undergo oxidative addition with Br-2 to give the known [RhBr2{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)](+), while using HCl gives the same hydride complex from both precursors, which is tentatively assigned as [RhHCl2{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}]. An unexpected further Rh(III) product from this reaction, trans-[RhCl2{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}{PhClSb(CH2)(3)SbClPh}]Cl, was identified by a crystal structure analysis and represents the first structurally characterised example of a chlorostibine coordinated to a metal. [Rh{Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)] BF4 reacts with CO to give [Rh(CO){Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}(2)]BF4 initially, and upon further exposure this species undergoes further reversible carbonylation to give a cis-dicarbonyl species thought to be [Rh(CO)(2){Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}{kappa Sb-1-Ph2Sb(CH2)(3)SbPh2}]BF4 which converts back to the monocarbonyl complex when the CO atmosphere is replaced with N-2
Synthesis and properties of new ditertiary stibines based upon o-, m- or p-xylyl and m- or p-phenylene backbones and their complexes with tungsten, iron and nickel carbonyls
No full textHigh yield syntheses for 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-xylyl distibines (1,2-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2), 1,3-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2), 1,4-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2), respectively) from Me2SbCl (conveniently made in situ from Me2PhSb and HClgas) and the appropriate di-Grignard are reported. The 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene distibines, 1,3-C6H4(SbMe2)(2) and 1,4-C6H4(SbMe2)(2), were made similarly. The new ligands have been characterised by mass spectrometry, H-1 and C-13{H-1} NMR spectroscopy, and by the preparation of methiodide derivatives. The crystal structures of 1,4-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2) and [1,3-C6H4(CH2SbMe3)(2)] I-2 have been determined. The synthesis of 1,2-C6H4( CH2SbPh2)(2) has been achieved similarly in modest yield and the distibine converted into the tetra-iodo-derivative 1,2-C6H4(CH2SbPh2I2)(2). The coordination modes available to these ligands have been probed by the synthesis and characterisation of complexes with nickel, iron and tungsten carbonyls. The crystal structure of [{Fe(CO)(4)}(2){ {mu-1,3-C6H4(CH2SbMe2)(2)}] has been determined. The spectroscopic properties of these carbonyl derivatives have been compared with those of complexes of other antimony ligands, and in some cases with diphosphine and diarsine complexes, to probe the electronic properties of the new ligands
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