1,721,373 research outputs found
The effects of charter proliferation on public school district finances
No full textAs charter enrollments continue to grow in the United States, the research base on charters also grows. Little of this research, however, focuses on the effects of charter school proliferation on the finances of public school districts. Using a nationwide, universally-reported, longitudinal dataset, I leverage variations in charter proliferation to estimate its effects on a variety of school district fiscal measures, controlling for differences in district characteristics. I find that, in many states, charter growth correlates with increased spending per pupil. While this increased spending may be mechanical in some states, comparisons of estimates based on federal- and state-level data in Minnesota and New Jersey shows this increased spending is likely due to fixed costs districts have in support and administrative spending. Policymakers should weigh this extra cost when considering policies that increase charter school enrollments
The effects of charter school proliferation on public district school spending: evidence from New Jersey
No full textUntil now, there has been little study of how the rapid growth of charter schools in the United States may affect the finances of public school districts that lose enrollments to charters. Leveraging a detailed dataset from New Jersey, I use fixed-effects models to show that public school district spending increases during the early stages of charter proliferation: in the most detailed model, spending rises $625 per pupil at 10 percent charter proliferation for the typical school district. Spending then appears to fall at a “turnaround” point; different models place this point between 11 percent and 24 percent charter proliferation. Variations in estimates of the effects of charter proliferation on categorical spending and categorical staff intensity suggest resources vary in their elasticity to charter growth, providing an explanation for spending increases and decreases. This paper contributes to the small body of literature on the fiscal effects of charter proliferation on public district schools, showing that any benefits from charter growth should be balanced against the costs of extra spending at district schools
New Jersey Charter Schools: A Data-Driven View - 2018 Update, Part I
No full textNew Jersey charter schools have grown significantly over the last decade in enrollment, in the number of sending school districts, and in financial impact:
•In the 2017-18 school year, enrollment in New Jersey’s traditional and renaissance charter schools surpassed 53,000 students, accounting for 3.6% of the state’s publicly funded student population.
•Charter enrollment has more than tripled over the last decade.
•Almost half of all New Jersey school districts send students and funding to charter schools. The number of such districts has increased from 198 in 2007-08 to 273 in 2017-18.
•In the 2017-18 school year, traditional and renaissance charter schools will receive an anticipated 164 million transferred to charter schools a decade ago.
New Jersey charter schools enroll a fundamentally different student population than the districts where their students reside:
•New Jersey charter schools continue to enroll proportionally fewer special education and Limited English Proficient students than their sending district public schools.
•The special education students enrolled in charter schools tend to have less-costly disabilities compared to special education students in the district public schools.
•Measures of student poverty are becoming increasingly unreliable because of school district participation in the US Department of Agriculture’s Community Eligibility Provision (CEP), which allows high-poverty school districts and charter schools to provide free meals to all of their students. However, data for non-CEP districts shows that many charter schools continue to enroll fewer at-risk students then their sending district public schools.
In light of these findings, we recommend that:
•New Jersey should amend the state’s charter school law, The Charter School Program Act, to align the power to authorize new charter schools and expand existing charter schools with the financial impact of those decisions.
•The New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) should modify the criteria used for evaluating charter schools for approval, renewal, expansion, and closure, to give substantial weight to how closely individual charter schools mirror the student population characteristics of their sending school districts, including Limited English Proficiency, economic disadvantage, and special education disability classifications.
•NJDOE should examine why New Jersey charter schools do not reflect the population of their sending school districts and make public the data that is already collected, to enable researchers to further study this problem.
•NJDOE should explore more accurate ways of measuring differences in student socio-economic status, including survey and sampling methods.Research report
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Squires: Key followers and the social facilitation of charismatic
No full textDrawing on several theoretical traditions in the social sciences, we offer a theory of the social facilitation of charismatic leadership by introducing the concept of squires. Squires are key followers who serve four social facilitation functions: liberating and legitimizing, modeling, buffering, and interpreting and translating. Liberating and legitimizing builds on social conformity research. Modeling is based in the social learning and social influence literatures. Buffering, and interpreting and translating, draw on insights from the psychology of power and organizational theory. These functions help resolve two central charismatic leadership paradoxes: (a) the need to be different from followers, though followers prefer to be led by leaders who are like them, and (b) the need to be personally inspiring to followers while being socially distant from them. In specifying Squires' functions, we also address three weaknesses in conceptions of followership and contribute to understandings of how charismatic leadership emerges, works, and endures
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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