1,720,980 research outputs found
Anonymised transcripts from a research project on patient and transplant staff experiences with liver transplantation and the transplant benefit score
No full textThe Transplant Benefit Score (TBS) was introduced in the UK in March 2018 as a method of allocating DBD (donation after brain death) livers for transplantation. The TBS is both far more algorithmically complex than the previous system of allocation, and offers less clinician autonomy in allocation decisions, with livers being matched to particular patients from a national database. The TBS has been the subject of recent media attention, with pieces from BBC News and The Financial Times questioning its fairness and comprehensibility. This data set is the result of a qualitative empirical research project which interviewed 20 patients and 9 transplant staff on their perspectives on the TBS. The project considers the ethics of involving complex algorithmic systems in high stakes resource allocation. The data set includes participant perspectives on information disclosure and patient consent, trust, distributive justice, the staff-patient relationship, the clinical role, amongst other topics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The ethics of artificial intelligence in healthcare resource allocation: an empirical bioethics project
Full text linkWhat should we do when we don’t have enough of a healthcare resource—like a vaccination, ventilator, or organ for transplant—for every patient who might benefit from it? Given the persistent reality of limited resources, decisions must be made about who and what is prioritised in conditions of scarcity. How might we make these decisions? This thesis considers the ethics of involving machine learning models in healthcare resource allocation decision-making. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that involves the prediction of outcomes without explicit programming. The promise of machine learning is that it might be able to use large amounts of patient data to make more accurate predictions of who might benefit most from a particular intervention. But there are a number of ethical issues with using machine learning in healthcare allocation decisions. What do we mean by ‘benefit most’, and how can this be accounted for in the design and implementation of a machine learning model? What should we tell patients about the use of these models? And is it possible to trust their involvement in clinical care?
This thesis addresses these questions using empirical bioethics methodology, combining philosophical analysis and qualitative interviews to arrive at recommendations for an ethical deployment of machine learning in healthcare resource allocation. It considers three main philosophical themes in relation to this topic: distributive justice, patient consent, and trust. The thesis then analyses a case study in the ethics of algorithmic resource allocation. It does this through a series of interviews with transplant patients and staff about their experiences with the transplant benefit score, an algorithmic approach to allocating livers on the UK transplant waiting list. The analysis of this case study focusses on participant experiences relating to the three key philosophical themes of distributive justice, patient consent, and trust. It then uses reflective equilibrium to synthesise the philosophical and qualitative findings and make recommendations for the ethical deployment of machine learning in healthcare resource allocation. It concludes by proposing a role for deliberative democracy in further developing the recommendations of this thesis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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