1,721,266 research outputs found
Use of Waste Bread To Produce Fermentation Products
No full textWebb, Colin/0000-0002-4094-2524[No Abstract Available
Use of waste bread to produce fermentation products
No full textBread, the staple of the west and, increasingly, the rest of the world, is also one of the most heavily wasted of all food products. Currently, much of this waste is disposed of in landfill sites where it decomposes to methane and carbon dioxide. Yet it is a potentially valuable, renewable resource for the production of chemicals. This chapter explores the opportunities for enhancing the value of this cereal-based waste food through the use of fermentation. Following a review of the literature concerning bread waste utilization, potential process systems are proposed and examined. As bread is a solid raw material, solid state fermentation is preferred as the most efficient means of delivering bioprocesses, and some preliminary optimization studies are presented
Valorization of rice straw for ethylene and jet fuel production: a technoeconomic assessment
No full textThe goal of the present study is to exemplify ways to valorize lignocellulosic food waste within the biorefinery concept. Rice straw was selected as the feedstock of focus, but the presented methodologies can be extended to other similar materials such as sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and corn stover. The research presents alternative and sustainable conceptual design strategies for the production of two major products of conventional refineries, that is, ethylene and jet fuel. The assessment provides a comprehensive approach that includes technical design, process modeling, and economic evaluation. Based on a plant treating 100 dry t/h of rice straw, 27.8MWh of energy are required to generate a ton of ethylene and a 43.7% energy efficiency is realized for the aviation fuel case. The conduction of a typical discounted cash flow analysis resulted in minimum selling prices (MSP) of 1.52/L for jet fuel. The conduction of a sensitivity analysis revealed that the processes are capital and feedstock intensive, while an increase to final products yield will favor the economic performance of the examined biorefineries
Cellular Systems
No full textBiotechnology plays an increasingly important role in the twenty-first century. In the past few decades, a wide variety of biosynthesis processes have been developed and applied throughout the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, food, energy, chemical industry, and many other fields. This article briefly introduces the recent progress in cellular systems in bioprocesses, including bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, algae, plant cells, and animal cells. It also covers stem cells and man-made artificial cells, which develop rapidly and show promising potential in future therapy of human diseases. The emphasis has been mainly focused on heterologous protein expressions and the production of biochemicals, biofuels, and biopolymers using various cellular systems. The cell culture conditions, for example, solid-state fermentation and immobilized cell fermentation, are also discussed. It is expected to significantly reduce the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission by applying bioconversion processes using either whole cells or enzymes produced from cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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