1,721,054 research outputs found
Coping with climate change uncertainty for adaptation planning for local water management
Full text linkEnvironmental management is plagued with uncertainty, despite this, little
attention has until recently been given to the sensitivity of management decisions
to uncertain environmental projections. Assuming that the future climate is
stationary is no longer considered valid, nor is using a single or small number of
potentially incorrect projections to inform decisions. Instead, it is recommended
that decision makers make use of increasingly available probabilistic projections
of future climate change, such as those from perturbed physics ensembles like
United Kingdom Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09), to gauge the severity and
extent of future impacts and ultimately prepare more robust solutions.
Two case studies focussing on contrasting aspects of local water management;
namely irrigation demand and urban drainage management, were used to
evaluate current approaches and develop recommendations and improved
methods of using probabilistic projections to support decision making for climate
change adaptation. A quantitative understanding of the impact of uncertainty to
decision making for climate change adaptation was obtained from a literature
review; followed by a comparison of using (1) the low medium and high emission
scenarios, (2) 10,000 sample ensemble and 11 Spatially Coherent Projections
(11SCP), (3) deterministic and probabilistic climate change projections, (4) the
complete probabilistic dataset and sub-samples of it using different sampling
techniques, (5) the change factor (or delta change) and stochastic (or UKCP09
weather generator) downscaling techniques and (6) different decision criteria
using two contrasting case studies at three UK sites.
This research provides an insight into the impact of different sources of
uncertainty to real-world adaptation and explores whether having access to more
data and a greater appreciation of uncertainty alters the way we make decisions.
The impact of the “envelope of uncertainty” to decision making is explored in
order to identify those factors and decisions that have the greatest impact on what
we perceive to be the “best” solution. An improved novel decision criterion for use
with probabilistic projections for adaptation planning is presented and tested
using simplified real-world case studies to establish whether it provides a more
attractive tool for decision makers compared to the current decision criteria which
have been advocated for adaptation planning.
This criterion explicitly incorporates the unique risk appetite of the individual into
the decision making process, acknowledging that this source of uncertainty and
not necessarily the climate change projections, had the greatest impact on the
decisions considered by this research. This research found the differences
between emission scenarios, projection datasets, sub-sampling approaches and
downscaling techniques, each contributing a different source of uncertainty,
tended to be small except where the decision maker already exhibited an
extremely risk seeking or risk adverse appetite. This research raises a number of
interesting questions about the “decision significance” of uncertainty through the
systematic analysis of several different sources of uncertainty on two contrasting
local water management case studies. Through this research, decision makers
are encouraged to take a more active role in the climate change adaptation
debate, undertaking their own analysis with the support of the scientific
community in order to highlight those uncertainties that have significant
implications for real world decisions and thereby help direct future efforts to
characterise and reduce them. The findings of this research are of interest to
planners, engineers, stakeholders and adaptation planning generally
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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