159,414 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Research Joint Ventures Cartelization with Asymmetric R&D Spillovers
No full textThe paper analyzes the profitability of R&D cooperation under asymmetric spillovers. It is shown that a firm prefers R&D competition to RJV cartelization when its own spillover rate is low and the spillover rate of its competitor is high. While it prefers R&D cartelization to RJV cartelization when the spillover rate of its competitor is sufficiently high. The equilibrium configuration is RJV cartelization for low spillover asymmetries, R&D competition for intermediate asymmetries, and R&D cartelization for high asymmetries.Asymmetric Spillovers
The Philippine Fisheries R&D Institutions: A Look at Their Publication Record
No full textOne of the indicators to measure the performance of fisheries R&D institutions is their ability to publish, especially in refereed journals in their area of specialization. This Policy Notes examines the publication record of fisheries R&D institutions in the Philippines and concludes that only a few have performed creditably over the years in this aspect. In view of this, the author recommends a number of specific actions to be taken by both the institutions concerned and the national government in order to improve the overall capacity of the fisheries R&D institutions to publish.fisheries R&D institutions, publication record
Business R&D and the Interplay of R&D Subsidies and Market Uncertainty
No full textThe literature suggests that public research and development (R&D) subsidies may reduce market failures affecting private R&D investment caused by incomplete appropriability of knowledge and financial constraints due capital market imperfections. Drawing on the theory of investment under uncertainty, this paper argues that public R&D subsidies increase business R&D investment through an additional mechanism – mitigating the effects of market uncertainty on R&D investment in markets for new products. Using a sample of German manufacturing firms, we show that market uncertainty indeed reduces R&D investment, and that R&D subsidies mitigate the effect of uncertainty. Our findings suggest that public policies aimed at increasing business R&D investment can achieve this objective by reducing the degree of uncertainty in the demand for innovative products. --Real Options Theory,Uncertainty,R&D,Censored Regression
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Rewarding Innovation: Improving Federal Tax Support for Business R&D in Canada
No full textBusiness innovation is viewed by many as a solution to Canada’s ailing productivity performance. One of the more troubling aspects of Canada’s innovation track record is that businesses spend relatively little on research and development (R&D) despite having access to some of the world’s most generous R&D tax incentives. Canada’s low levels of business R&D have called into question the effectiveness of Canada’s generous R&D tax incentives, particularly the flagship federal Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program. A deeper analysis, however, reveals that tax incentives are effective in stimulating more R&D – that is, Canada would have lower levels of business R&D in the absence of these inducements. Instead, the root cause of Canada’s business R&D deficit appears to stem from structural aspects of the economy and, more importantly, a lack of demand-related pressure to pursue innovation.Fiscal and Tax Competitiveness, Canada, research and development (R&D) incentives, Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program
Spillovers Reconsidered: Analysing Economic Welfare under Complementarities in R&D
No full textWe analyse economic welfare in R&D intensive industries under varying assumptions on the spillover process. The focus lies on spillover processes with complementary R&D investments such as those modelling absorptive capacity. There spillovers give rise to both negative and positive externalities. We show that the rationale for public policy intervention is strengthened where spillovers also have positive effects. This conclusion is based on the supermodularity of the spillover process and the investment game. We characterise a large class of spillover processes with similar implications for public policy. We show that results of much empirical work on absorptive capacity extend to this class of models.spillovers, complementarity, absorptive capacity, supermodularity, oligopolistic R&D
Spillovers Reconsidered: Analysing Economic Welfare under complementarities in R&D
No full textWe analyse economic welfare in R&D intensive industries under varying assumptions on the spillover process. The focus lies on spillover processes with complementary R&D investments such as those modelling absorptive capacity. There spillovers give rise to both negative and positive externalities. We show that the rationale for public policy intervention is strengthened where spillovers also have positive effects. This conclusion is based on the supermodularity of the spillover process and the investment game. We characterise a large class of spillover processes with similar implications for public policy. We show that results of much empirical work on absorptive capacity extend to this class of models.spillovers; complementarity; absorptive capacity; supermodularity; oligopolistic R&D
Corporate R&D Investments Following Competitors’ Disclosures: Evidence from the Drug Development Process
No full textThis dissertation studies the role of peer disclosures in shaping corporate R&D investments. Using the online registration of clinical trials in the drug development process, I find that a firm’s R&D investments are deterred by disclosures of clinical trial initiation from strong rivals but encouraged by disclosures from weak rivals. The cross-sectional analyses suggest that the deterrence effect of peer disclosure is stronger when the therapeutic area has a high clinical-trial success rate, the encouragement effect is stronger when the market has fewer competing firms, and both effects are strengthened when the focal firm has a diversified R&D portfolio. Overall, my findings suggest that the way a firm reacts to peer disclosure varies with the disclosing firms’ relative competitiveness in the R&D race
The Impact of R&D Tax Incentives on R&D Costs and Income Tax Burden
No full textWe analyse R&D tax incentives in a detailed way considering a multi-period setting and economic assumptions which reflect a realistic economic environment. We measure the incentive's impact on the firm's total tax payments and the R&D cost by means of the simulation model European Tax Analyzer. Using different economic settings and model firms, we run sensitivity analyses and get by that a more detailed view on the effects from R&D tax incentives against the background of the framing tax system. We find that not so much the kind but rather the specific design of R&D tax incentives, the interplay with the framing tax system and the firm's profitability relative to the level of R&D expenditures heavily influence the amount of tax subsidy for R&D. --R&D,Tax incentives,Corporate Tax Burden,EU
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