169,822 research outputs found
Wauthier C., L'Afrique des Africains.
No full textLagneau N. Wauthier C., L'Afrique des Africains.. In: Revue française de sociologie, 1965, 6-4. p. 549
Diking-induced moderate-magnitude earthquakes on a youthful rift border fault: the 2002 Nyiragongo-Kalehe sequence, D.R. Congo
No full textOn 24 October 2002, Mw 6.2 earthquake occurred in the central part of the Lake Kivu basin, Western Branch of the East African Rift. This is the largest event recorded in the Lake Kivu area since 1900. An integrated analysis of radar interferometry (InSAR), seismic and geological data, demonstrates that the earthquake occurred due to normal-slip motion on a major preexisting east-dipping rift border fault. A Coulomb stress analysis suggests that diking events, such as the January 2002 dike intrusion, could promote faulting on the western border faults of the rift in the central part of Lake Kivu. We thus interpret that dike-induced stress changes can cause moderate to large-magnitude earthquakes on major border faults during continental rifting. Continental extension processes appear complex in the Lake Kivu basin, requiring the use of a hybrid model of strain accommodation and partitioning in the East African Rift
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Insights Into Fault-Magma Interactions in an Early-Stage Continental Rift From Source Mechanisms and Correlated Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
No full textStrain in magmatic rifts is accommodated by both faulting and dike intrusion, but little is known of the frequency of dike intrusions in early-stage rifts. We use a new earthquake data set from a dense temporary seismic array (2013–2014) in the ~7-Myr-old Magadi-Natron-Manyara section of the East African Rift, which includes the carbonatitic Oldoinyo Lengai volcano that erupted explosively in 2007–2008. Full moment tensor analyses were performed on M > 3.4 earthquakes (0.03- to 0.10-Hz band) that occurred during the intereruptive cycle. We find two opening crack-type and various non-double-couple earthquake source mechanisms and interpret these as fluid-involved fault rupture. From waveform analysis on the nearest permanent seismic station, we conclude that similar rupture processes probably occur over eruptive and intereruptive cycles. The repeated and dynamically similar fluid-involved seismicity, along with intrabasinal localization of active deformation, suggests that significant and persistent strain is accommodated by magmatic processes, modulated by tectonic cycles
The psychology of childhood animal harm: risk factors, pet relationships, and novel intervention evaluation
No full textResearch consistently demonstrates that animal harm is associated with a range of serious psychosocial issues. Despite the importance of early identification and intervention, little research has been carried out directly with children, and evidence on how to effectively intervene to prevent continuing cycles of harm is lacking. This thesis aims to fill this gap. It adopts a child-centred approach to understand the psychological risk factors for animal harm and evaluates Animal Guardians, a novel educational intervention delivered by the Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty against Animals (SPCA) for high-risk children.
The first study is a meta-narrative systematic review of research carried out between 2010-2020 on childhood animal cruelty (CAC). This study reviews 69 publications, including theoretical and empirical research in criminology, social work, and psychology. A range of themes emerge across the literature. Environmental risk factors include exposure to childhood adversity, experiences of violence, and witnessing animal cruelty. Psychological risk factors include externalizing disorders, low empathy, low self-esteem, poor family functioning, and being accepting of cruelty. Results also suggest that CAC which is recurrent or extreme links to later interpersonal violence, and that many psychosocial barriers exist in measuring and reporting CAC. The review also highlights issues regarding inconsistent operationalization and discusses issues with definitions which are often disconnected from animal welfare legislation and child development.
The second study takes a qualitative approach, interviewing ten children referred to the Animal Guardians programme (average age= 8.8 years, n=9 males). It uses a variety of child-friendly techniques including crafts, vignettes, open questions, and standardized measures. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis to answer specific questions and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to extract overarching themes. Content analysis suggested that referred children (a) tended to have small attachment networks which often included pets, (b) tended to interpret ambiguous situations predominately negatively, (c) tended to like animals and see them as sentient, and (d) struggled admitting to cruelty. Three main superordinate themes emerged from the IPA: (a) Bonding to animals, (b) Exposure to/normalization of violence, and (c) Signs of emotional issues/trauma. Together, these results suggest that children who were referred for animal cruelty toward their pets came from vulnerable backgrounds, had complex circumstances surrounding their at-risk or cruel behaviour, and sometimes had trouble regulating their emotions and behaviours.
The third study takes a quantitative approach to understanding the psychological risk factors for childhood animal harm by comparing nine children referred to the Animal Guardians programme to 18 classmate controls. A range of parametric and non-parametric tests of difference were used to analyse differences on a range of novel and established psychological measures. Children at high-risk of animal harm were more likely to be insecurely attached, scored significantly higher on Strengths and Difficulties and Callous Unemotional traits as rated by their teachers, scored lower on cognitive empathy, and performed more poorly on an executive functioning task. No significant differences were found between high-risk and low-risk children on self-reported empathy or emotion recognition. Drawings indicated secure children tended to feel closer to mothers and siblings, while pets’ proximity did not vary according to attachment strategy. Although insecure children scored lower on mentalising about pets, caregiving behaviour towards pets, and parental help in resolving conflict with pets, both groups similarly used pets as sources of comfort. Thus, although insecure attachment was an important risk factor for harming animals, secure and insecure children had similar capacity for bonding with their pets.
The fourth study is an evaluation of Animal Guardians, using a matched-control sample of 48 children (24 referred to AG and 24 controls) who completed a pre- and post-test activity pack measuring targeted constructs. Mixed ANOVAs showed that children receiving the AG program improved significantly more than controls on welfare knowledge, behaviour towards animals, cognitive and behavioural empathy. Furthermore, post-hoc tests showed that referred children improved significantly on belief in animal minds and affective empathy. The intervention was equally effective for girls and boys, and independent of harm-severity at referral. Younger children had a marginally greater improvement than older children, and post-hoc tests showed this was because they started with lower levels of welfare knowledge. These results show that AG is an effective program and suggests that educational interventions can be a positive way of reducing risk of animal harm.
This thesis provides an in-depth and child-centred exploration of the risk factors for childhood animal harm and provides the first evaluation of an intervention targeting this behaviour. The effectiveness of the Animal Guardians programme is promising and suggests that early educational intervention is feasible. Implications for animal welfare, clinical practice, and intervention development are also discussed
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A 0.12mm<sup>2</sup> Wien-Bridge Temperature Sensor with 0.1°C (3σ) Inaccuracy from -40°C to 180°C
No full text Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve much higher resolution and energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [1], but they typically occupy more area (> 0.25 mm 2 ) and have lower operating temperatures (le 125 {circ} {C}) [2]-[4]. This work describes a 0.12mm 2 resistor-based sensor that uses a Wien-bridge (WB) filter to achieve 0.1 {circ} {C} (3 sigma) inaccuracy from - 40 {circ} {C} to 180 {circ} {C}. Compared to a state-of-the-art WB sensor [4], it occupies 6 × less area and achieves comparable relative accuracy over a 76% wider operating range. Session 10.3 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration
No full textAccurate current sensing is critical in many industrial applications, such as battery management and motor control. Precise shunt-based current sensors have been reported with gain errors of less than 1% over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to 85°C) [1]–[4]. However, since they are intended for coulomb counting, their bandwidth is limited to a few tens of Hz, making them unsuitable for battery impedance or motor-current sensing. This paper presents a current sensor with a wide (10kHz) bandwidth and a tunable temperature compensation scheme (TCS), which allows it to be flexibly used with different types of shunts while maintaining high accuracy. A low-cost room-temperature calibration scheme is proposed to optimize gain flatness over temperature by exploiting the shunt's self-heating at large currents. Over the industrial temperature range and a ±25A current range, it achieves state-of-the-art gain error (±0.25%) with both low-cost PCB and stable metal-alloy shunts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
- …
