113,963 research outputs found
Representations of adultery and regeneration in selected novels of Ford, Lawrence, Waugh and Greene
No full textThis thesis is an examination of how the themes of adultery and regeneration are interwoven and explored by selected English novelists in the first half of the twentieth century. It is essential to establish that Ford, Lawrence, Waugh and Greene do not adhere to the ‘archetypal’ pattern of the adultery novel established in the nineteenth century and, in fact, turn that pattern on its head.
Ford’s The Good Soldier and Parade’s End provide two differing perspectives. The first uses adultery as a metaphor for the disintegration of English society, mirroring the social disintegration that accompanied the First World War; Parade’s End, however, presents an adulterous relationship as being a regenerative force in the post-war society. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover also uses an adulterous relationship as a means of addressing the need for social, and national, regeneration in the inter-war years.
Waugh’s A Handful of Dust presents a woman’s adultery as the ruin of not only a good man, but also civilisation in general; Brideshead Revisited is more religious in tone and traces the spiritual regeneration of its central character, whose conversion, ironically, is made possible through his adulterous relationship. Similarly, Greene’s The Heart of the Matter and The End of the Affair portray the process of spiritual regeneration; in both novels this movement towards salvation is intertwined with an exploration of adulterous love.
The ultimate question probed in this thesis is how the twentieth century novel of adultery overturns the traditional literary approach to the subject. Adulterous unions and illegitimate children are no longer presented as being exclusively socially destabilising or subversive in these novels; most intriguingly significant is that, in some of these novels, the illegitimate child becomes a symbol of hope, and, indeed, of regeneration
Nur-i-Afshan V.08 no.01 January 1904
No full textContents: Editorial notes - Physical recreation by Waugh, George - Current thought and incident : Herbert Spencer by Couch, Walter V. - The queer chameleon - Foreign telegrams [Letter]
This volume of Nur-i-Afshan published weekly on Fridays from Ludhiana
The voice of authority : Evelyn Waugh's fiction
No full textA large part of the extant criticism of Evelyn Waugh's fiction is orientated
towards either a biographical or a literary-historical interest: there are
comparatively few detailed surveys of the novels themselves. This study
attempts such a survey, and in particular examines the tension which inheres
in the relationship of Waugh's poised, urbane narrators to the social and
moral chaos they depict. I have been interested in the source and management
of that poise, the testing, as it were to destruction, of a series of
narrative positions. There is a very modern equation to be observed in
Waugh's fiction, between the potentially anarchic mode of fiction and what
Waugh felt to be the actual anarchy of contemporary civilisation. His
novels can with interest be read in terms of a comic exploitation of this
equation, and subsequently, as the writer aged, of his attempts to evade
its logic, to discover a 'voice of authority'. Apparently secure narrative
stances are repeatedly undermined, and a succession of 'realities'
compromised - Tony Last's, William Boot's, John Plant's, Guy Crouchback's.
It is this awareness and exploitation of the reflexive quality of fiction,
and its use in disclosing the nature of his age which lends Waugh's writing
its real and enduring interest.
I seek to draw out this awareness through detailed examination of the
different novels' precise narrative stance, the source of their 'voice',
and have been largely content to let stand other commentators' descriptions
of Waugh's broader thesis. My method involves close attention to Waugh's
language, from the conviction that nuances of tone and the development of
marginal allusions and metaphors are the keys to many of his characteristic
effects
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth
No full textDasyhelea pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth, 1976: 233 (Georgia; New Hampshire south to Florida); Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11 (in Nearctic catalog; distribution). Diagnosis. This is a large dark brown species, male wing length 1.10–1.50 mm, female wing length 1.20–1.47 mm; femora and tibiae usually with broad dark brown bands. Males with posterior margin of sternite 9 straight to slightly concave; tergite 9 tapered distally with straight posterior margin and elongate, cylindrical, divergent apicolateral processes; gonocoxite usually with short basomesal spur; gonostylus slightly curved, pubescent except apical portion, and tip usually notched. Female subgenital plate with slender, elongate anterior portion, posterior portion broader with curved lateral arms; and spermatheca subspherical with retort-shaped neck. Discussion. Waugh & Wirth (1976) described this species from the eastern United States based on specimens from Florida, Georgia (type locality), Maryland, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Virginia. In their Nearctic catalog, Borkent & Grogan (2009) also listed it from Utah and Ontario, Canada. We identified a male from Guadeloupe as this species that we compared with a male paratype from Georgia and several other males from Florida and Maryland. We provide the first record of this species in the Caribbean region from Guadeloupe. Material examined. Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, La Trace du Petit-Malendure, 21-V-2012, R. H. Turnbow, BL trap, 1 male. New Guadeloupe record.Published as part of Grogan, Willliam L., Díaz, Florentina, Spinelli, Gustavo R. & Ronderos, Maria M., 2016, The biting and predaceous midges of Guadeloupe (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). II. Species of the subfamily Dasyheleinae, pp. 201-254 in Zootaxa 4184 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/16471
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A rapid and systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine and vinorelbine in non-small-cell lung cancer
No full textBACKGROUND:
The incidence of lung cancer is declining following a drop in smoking rates, but it is still the leading cause of death from cancer in England and Wales, with about 30,000 deaths a year. Survival rates for lung cancer are poor everywhere, but they appear to be better in the rest of the European Community and the USA than in the UK. Only about 5 per cent of people with lung cancer survive for 5 years, and nearly all of these are cured by surgery after fortuitously early diagnosis. At present, only a small proportion of patients (probably about 5 per cent) with non-small-cell lung cancer are being given chemotherapy. Some centres treat a greater proportion.
OBJECTIVES:
This review examines the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of four of the newer drugs - vinorelbine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel and docetaxel - used for treating the most common type of lung cancer (non-small-cell lung cancer). The first three drugs are used for first-line treatment, but at present docetaxel is used only after first-line chemotherapy has failed.
METHODS:
This report was based on a systematic literature review and economic modelling, supplemented by cost data. RESULTS - NUMBER AND QUALITY OF STUDIES: A reasonable number of randomised trials were found - three for docetaxel, six for gemcitabine, five for paclitaxel and 13 for vinorelbine. The quality of the trials was variable but good overall. There was a wide range of comparators. Some trials compared chemotherapy with best supportive care (BSC), which involves care that aims to control symptoms, with palliative radiotherapy if needed, but not to prolong life. Others compared the newer drugs against previous drugs or combinations. RESULTS - SUMMARY OF BENEFITS: The gains in duration of survival with the new drugs are modest - a few months - but worthwhile in a condition for which the untreated survival is only about 5 months. There are also gains in quality of life compared with BSC, because on balance the side-effects of some forms of chemotherapy have less effect on quality of life than the effects of uncontrolled spread of cancer. RESULTS - COSTS: The total cost to the NHS of using these new drugs in England and Wales might be about GBP 10 million per annum, but is subject to a number of factors. There would be non-financial constraints on any increase in chemotherapy for the next few years, such as staffing; the number of patients choosing to have the newer forms of chemotherapy is not yet known; and the costs of the drugs may fall, for example, as generic forms appear. RESULTS - COST PER LIFE-YEAR GAINED: The available data did not provide an entirely satisfactory basis for cost-effectiveness calculations. The main problem was the lack of direct comparisons of the new drugs. In order to strengthen the analysis, three different modelling approaches were used: pairwise comparisons using trial data; cost-minimisation analysis, as if all the new regimens were of equal efficacy; and cost-effectiveness analysis pooling the results of several trials with different comparators, giving indirect comparisons of the new drugs by using BSC as the common comparator. A number of different scenarios were explored through extensive sensitivity analysis in each model. Outcomes were expressed in incremental cost per life-year saved or incremental cost, versus BSC. There was insufficient evidence from which to derive cost per quality-adjusted life-year. In first-line treatment, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, and the lower-dose paclitaxel plus cisplatin combinations generally performed well against BSC under a range of different scenarios and especially when given as a maximum of 3 cycles. Incremental cost per life-year gained (LYG) versus BSC varied depending on scenario, but baseline figures based on trial data and protocols were: single-agent vinorelbine, pound 2194 per LYG; vinorelbine plus cisplatin, pound 5206; single-agent gemcitabine, pound 5690; gemcitabine plus cisplatin, pound 10,041; and paclitaxel plus cisplatin, pound 8537. In second-line chemotherapy, docetaxel gave a cost per LYG of pound 17,546, again well within the range usually accepted as cost-effective. However, in routine care, the impact of therapy would be regularly reviewed, and continuation would depend on response, side-effects, patient choice and clinical judgement. Chemotherapy would be stopped in non-responders, making chemotherapy more cost-effective. A 'real-life' scenario in which 60 per cent of patients receive only 1 or 2 cycles of chemotherapy gives much lower costs per LYG, with single-agent gemcitabine, single-agent vinorelbine, and paclitaxel plus platinum appearing to be cost-saving compared with BSC; the incremental cost of gemcitabine plus cisplatin would be pound 2478 per LYG, and of vinorelbine plus cisplatin, pound 2808. At the very least, gains in duration of survival were achieved without diminution of quality of life (at best, they improved quality) and with relatively low incremental cost. Comparisons among the individual drugs should be viewed with caution because they have had to be based on indirect comparisons. RESULTS - LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS: Each of the three models had limitations. The cost-effectiveness estimates from the pairwise comparisons were based on single studies. The cost-minimisation analysis assumed that the regimens have equal efficacy in practice. The cost-effectiveness analysis had to be based on pooling data from individual trials. The costs of BSC, inpatient stay and outpatient visits were from Scottish data. Median rather than mean data on duration of survival have been used in the analysis, because most of the trials reported only median data. Median survival and number of drug cycles were calculated by averaging across a number of studies, rather than being reliant on one particular study. The costs of the less expensive antiemetics cited in the trials were omitted. The use of more modern and costly antiemetics would have a modest detrimental effect on cost-effectiveness. In the absence of published data, an estimate was made of the cost of side-effects of chemotherapy, in particular hospital admissions, and applied to all the new regimens. In practice, admissions related to side-effects and their respective costs are likely to vary by regimen.
CONCLUSIONS:
The new drugs for non-small-cell lung cancer extend life by only a few months compared with BSC, but appear to do so without net loss in quality of life and at a cost per LYG that is much lower than for many other NHS activities. Depending on assumptions used, these new drugs range from being cost-effective, as conventionally accepted, to being cost-saving. CONCLUSIONS - IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEWER DRUGS: One of the present constraints on chemotherapy is availability of inpatient beds. The advent of newer and gentler forms of chemotherapy given on an outpatient basis would not only overcome this, but it would allow more patients to be treated. This might apply particularly to older patients. The treatment of more patients would increase workload for oncologists, cancer nurses and pharmacists. The Government has already announced increased expenditure on staff for cancer care. The previously pessimistic attitudes to chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer are changing in the wake of the newer agents, and this shift is likely to increase referral. CONCLUSIONS - NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Recent advances in chemotherapy are welcome, but their effects remain small for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Much more research is needed into better drugs, better combinations, new ways of assessing the likelihood of response and especially direct comparisons between the new regimens. This research would be aided by having a greater proportion of patients involved in trials, but there will be infrastructure implications of increased participation
Dasyhelea stemlerae Waugh and Wirth
No full text<i>Dasyhelea stemlerae</i> Waugh and Wirth <p> <i>Dasyhelea stemlerae</i> Waugh and Wirth, 1976: 233 (Maryland); Wilkening et al. 1985: 519 (Florida records); Borkent and Grogan 2009: 11 (in Nearctic catalog; distribution).</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Wilkening et al. (1985) only listed this species from Alachua Co. (paratypes). We provide the first record from Wakulla Co.</p> <p> <b>New records.</b> Wakulla Co., Wakulla Springs St. Pk., 25-26-V-2004, S. Murphree, CDC LT, swamp on Lodge Rd., 1 female (WLGC).</p>Published as part of <i>William L. Grogan, Jr., Hribar, Lawrence J., Murphree, C. Steven & Cilek, James E., 2010, New records of biting and predaceous midges from Florida, including species new to the fauna of the United States (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 1-59 in Insecta Mundi 2010 (147)</i> on page 24, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5352908">10.5281/zenodo.5352908</a>
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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