1,721,056 research outputs found
Part I: Analogues of the Favorskii intermediate. Part II: Some "addition-abstraction" reactions of diethyl azodicarboxylate
No full textThe effect of bolus volume on hyolaryngeal muscle activity in Parkinsons Disease
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles activation during swallowing in individuals with PD and healthy older adults (HOA) without PD. The study also investigated effects of bolus volume on submandibular hyolaryngeal during swallowing for people with PD and HOAs. Methods: Participants included 14 participants with PD and 10 HOAs who served as controls. Four swallow tasks were conducted. Three liquid swallow trials at 5ml, 10ml, and 15ml of water, and three trials of 1tsp of pudding was presented as the maximum voluntary contraction swallow. The sEMG signals were recorded during each swallow and were saved as separate files. This resulted in a total of 12 sEMG files for each participant (3 swallows of 5 mL of water, 3 swallows of 10 mL of water, 3 swallows of 15 mL of water, 3 swallows of 1 tbsp. of pudding). Results: The results from the MANOVA determined that 1) contraction amplitude of submandibular muscles differed for individuals with PD and healthy controls but contraction duration did not, and 2) bolus volume had no significant effect of contraction amplitude and contraction duration in either PD or HOA participants and 3) there is no group X condition interactional effect on either contraction amplitude or contraction duration.Conclusion: Main findings from this study concluded contraction amplitude of submandibular muscles differed for individuals with PD and HOAs and bolus volume had no significant effect on contraction amplitude or contraction duration in both PD and HOA groups. Contraction duration was not found significantly different but descriptive statistics demonstrated a shorter duration than HOAs. This study gives us a better understanding about what is happening to the muscular physiology of the submandibular muscles. People with PD with subclinical dysphagia may be utilizing compensatory strategies to effect contraction timing. The findings from this study may support the theory of compensatory neuromuscular adaptions utilized by people with PD during the earlier stages of disease severity. Further studies should be completed to verify and expand on these findings
Aerodynamic and acoustic profiles in phenotypes of Parkinsons disease
No full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder which can progress in varying patterns based on phenotypic characteristics of disease presentation across individuals. Patient-centered phenotypic characteristics have been questioned as influencing the severity and clinical profile of PD. While speech treatments are known to improve voice and speech function in speakers with PD, how the clinical phenotype influences a patient’s voice is unknown. If speech and voice are affected differently based on these phenotypic characteristics, those characteristics may serve as an early biomarkers which can facilitate, along with a battery of current assessment methods, diagnosis and more effective, customized treatments for individuals with PD. A total of 45 participants were recruited for this study: 34 speakers with PD (22 males, 12 females), and 11 healthy older adult (HOA) controls (4 males, 7 females). All participants completed a serious of aerodynamic and acoustic tasks involving production of sustained vowels and sentences in order to collect data on airflow, cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID). The data was analyzed by looking at the participants in three different phenotypes: years post-onset, age at diagnosis, and tremor vs. non-tremor dominant. The results revealed statistically significant results for individuals who were diagnosed prior to the age of 65 years old in terms of differences related to airflow in both vowels and speech.Additionally, the results indicated that individuals who have the non-tremor dominant phenotype had worse periodicity of vocal folds during phonation in sustained vowels than the tremor dominant group indicating that perhaps for this phenotype, the larynx is more impacted if an individual has PD of the non-tremor dominant variety. Interesting, when measuring CPP in speech, different results were gathered. All of these findings will be discussed as they relate to related research related to PD and its impact on the voice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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