1,721,124 research outputs found
Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus around the time of sexual debut
Full text linkHuman
papillomavirus
(HPV)
is
a
sexually
transmitted
virus
associated
with
cervical
cancer.
The
East
African
region
has
one
of
the
highest
incidences
and
mortality
rates
from
cervical
cancer
but
limited
studies
on
HPV
are
available.
Research
aims
were
to
describe:
HPV
genotypes,
risk
factors
and
rate
of
acquisition
of
prevalent
and
incident
HPV
in
girls
before
and
after
reported
first
sex;
rate
and
risk
factors
associated\ud
with
HPV
clearance,
and
to
examine
sexual
behaviour
reporting
in
face-‐to-‐face
(FtF)
interviews
compared
to
Audio
Computer-‐Assisted
Self-‐Interviews
(ACASI).
A
total
of
503
girls
aged
15
and
16
years
in
Mwanza,
Tanzania,
were
enrolled
and
followed
3-‐
monthly
for
18
months
with
FtF-‐interviews
and
self-‐administered
vaginal
swabs.
At
enrolment,
474
girls
reported
no
previous
sex,
and
HPV
was
detected
in
40/474(8.4%).
During
follow-‐up
of
girls
who
reported
sex,
new
HPV
incidence
was
225/100
person-‐years(pys).
Reporting
sex
in
the
past
3
months,
and
knowing
the
most
recent
sexual
partner
for
a
longer
period
before
sex
were
associated
with
HPV
acquisition.
Median
time
from
reported
sexual
debut
to
first
HPV
infection
was
5
months,
and
median
duration
of
infection
6
months.
No
factors
were
associated
with
HPV
clearance.
In
girls
who
reported
not
having
sex,
HPV
incidence
was
29.4/100pys.
ACASI
was
compared
to
FtF-‐interview
in
203
girls
at
the
12-‐month
visit.
Although
ACASI
was
feasible
and
acceptable,
there
was
no
increase
in
reporting
of
sex
or
other
sexual
behaviours,
with
the
exception
of
kissing,
compared
to
FtF-‐interviews.
A
very
high
incidence
of
HPV
was
seen
in
girls
following
sexual
debut,
and
a
higher
than
expected
HPV
prevalence
and
incidence
were
seen
in
girls
who
reported
no
previous
sex.
This
emphasises
the
importance
of
HPV
vaccination
well
before
sexual
debut.
ACASI
did
not
lead
to
increased
reporting
of
vaginal
sex
and
should
be
evaluated
further
in
different
settings
Implementation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and maternal syphilis screening and treatment programmes in Mwanza region, Tanzania : uptake and challenges
Full text linkABSTRACT
Literature
and
other
background
information
on
prevention
of
mother-to-child
transmission
of
HIV
(PMTCT)
and
maternal
syphilis
screening
programmes
in
Tanzania
reveal
that
little
has
been
documented
on
accessibility
and
utilization
of
these
services.
This
thesis
presents
the
results
from
a
research
conducted
in
Mwanza
city,
Tanzania
to
assess
the
operational
performance
of
PMTCT
and
maternal
syphilis
screening
and
treatment
during
pregnancy,
at
delivery
and
in
the
postnatal
period.
From
different
sub-studies
conducted
at
the
antenatal
clinics
(ANC)
and
in
the
maternity
ward
for
this
research,
a
number
of
missed
implementation
opportunities
were
identified.
A
review
of
records
found
that
24%
of
pregnant
women
who
delivered
in
hospital
left
the
maternity
ward
with
unknown
HIV
status
and
50%
of
HIV-positive
women
tested
at
ANC
did
not
receive
Antiretroviral
therapy
(ART)
for
PMTCT.
A
cross-sectional
study
at
the
maternity
ward
found
that
12%
of
pregnant
women
who
were
not
screened
for
syphilis,
27%
of
RPR-positive
women
who
were
not
treated
at
ANC,
and
all
infants
of
RPR-positive
women
did
not
receive
any
intervention
to
prevent
congenital
syphilis.
Forty-one
percent
of
HIV-positive
women
recruited
in
the
cohort
study
successfully
completed
all
PMTCT
interventions.
Only
18%
of
HIV-positive
women
identified
through
PMTCT
were
successfully
referred
to,
and
attended
an
adult
care
and
treatment
clinic
(CTC).
Of
403
HIV-
positive
women
in
the
cohort
study,
50%
did
not
intend
to
get
pregnant
and
by
four
months
postpartum,
20%
of
them
reported
to
have
not
received
any
counselling
on
family
planning.
HIV-positive
women
who
did
not
receive
counselling
on
FP
use
were
at
a
higher
risk
of
not
using
contraception
compared
to
those
who
were
counselled
(adj.
OR=6,
95%
Cl;
2.8-12.9).
About
27%
of
HIV-positive
mothers
were
not
counselled
regarding
infant
feeding
and
40.2%
of
women
who
were
not
counselled
on
infant
feeding
were
undecided
on
how
to
feed
their
infants
before
they
left
the
hospital
compared
to
only
2.5%
of
women
who
were
counselled
(P<O.OOl)
It
was
found
that
pregnant
women
attending
ANC
for
the
first
time
during
pregnancy
spent
between
three
and
5.5
hours
at
the
clinic,
on
average,
78%
of
this
time
was
spent
waiting
for
services.
6
Fewer
ANC
visits,
attending
private
or
rural
ANC
facilities,
failure
to
attend
a
CTC
prenatally,
and
lack
of
knowledge
among
users
and
provider
of
health
services
were
factors
found
to
hamper
the
performance
of
the
programmes.
Integration
of
these
programmes
at
all
levels
and
training
of
health
workers
in
basic
components
of
the
programmes
are
fundamental
to
the
successful
implementation
of
the
programme
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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