78,904 research outputs found
Nomenclatural novelties in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flora of China
No full textThe revision of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flora of China has demonstrated the need to formally publish the following 12 nomenclatural novelties: Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium, (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, Ligusdcum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nullivittatum, (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Pleurospermum, bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson. In addition, a lectotype is designated for P. govanianum (DC.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke var. bicolor Franch. (P. bicolor)
How to Measure Group Selection in Real-world Populations
No full textMultilevel selection and the evolution of cooperation are fundamental to the formation of higher-level organisation and the evolution of biocomplexity, but such notions are controversial and poorly understood in natural populations. The theoretic principles of group selection are well developed in idealised models where a population is neatly divided into multiple semi-isolated sub-populations. But since such models can be explained by individual selection given the localised frequency-dependent effects involved, some argue that the group selection concepts offered are, even in the idealised case, redundant and that in natural conditions where groups are not well-defined that a group selection framework is entirely inapplicable. This does not necessarily mean, however, that a natural population is not subject to some interesting localised frequency-dependent effects – but how could we formally quantify this under realistic conditions? Here we focus on the presence of a Simpson’s Paradox where, although the local proportion of cooperators decreases at all locations, the global proportion of cooperators increases. We illustrate this principle in a simple individual-based model of bacterial biofilm growth and discuss various complicating factors in moving from theory to practice of measuring group selection
Uncle Abe’s Rebellious Boys
No full text80.7568.1248 – “Uncle Abe’s Rebellious Boys”: T. M. Watson: H. M. Higgins: 1863: SATB
James T. Watson and Gordon F. M. Rakita (eds.), Ancient Southwestern Mortuary Practices
No full textJames T. WATSON and Gordon F. M. RAKITA (eds.), Ancient Southwestern Mortuary Practices, University Press of Colorado, Louisville (CO), 2020, 303 p., bibliogr., index, ill. (black and white), maps, tabl., graph. ISBN: 978-1-64642-012-4 (hardcover)/978-1-64642-013-1 (ebook)
Muted Voices of the New Testament:Readings in the Catholic Epistles and Hebrews
No full textPauline- and Gospel-centred readings have too long provided the normative understanding of Christian identity. The chapters in this volume features evidence from other, less-frequently studied texts, so as to broaden perspectives on early Christian identity. Each chapter in the collection focuses on one or more of the later New Testament epistles and answers one of the following questions: what did/do these texts uniquely contribute to Christian identity? How does the author frame or shape identity? What are the potential results of the identities constructed in these texts for early Christian communities? What are the influences of these texts on later Christian identity?Together these chapters contribute fresh insights through innovative research, furthering the discussion on the theological and historical importance of these texts within the canon. The distinguished list of contributors includes: Richard Bauckham, David G. Horrell, Francis Watson, and Robert W. Wall
CD4+ T Cells Recognize Conserved Influenza A Epitopes through Shared Patterns of V-Gene Usage and Complementary Biochemical Features
No full textT cell recognition of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is mediated by the highly variable T cell receptor (TCR). Despite this built-in TCR variability, individuals can mount immune responses against viral epitopes by using identical or highly related TCRs expressed on CD8+ T cells. Characterization of these TCRs has extended our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the recognition of peptide-HLA. However, few examples exist for CD4+ T cells. Here, we investigate CD4+ T cell responses to the internal proteins of the influenza A virus that correlate with protective immunity. We identify five internal epitopes that are commonly recognized by CD4+ T cells in five HLA-DR1+ subjects and show conservation across viral strains and zoonotic reservoirs. TCR repertoire analysis demonstrates several shared gene usage biases underpinned by complementary biochemical features evident in a structural comparison. These epitopes are attractive targets for vaccination and other T cell therapies. © 2020 The Author(s)CD4+ T cells orchestrate protection from severe influenza. However, knowledge of epitopes and the molecular patterns associated with recognition across the population is lacking. Greenshields-Watson et al. identify several influenza epitopes from internal proteins and use them to explore the biochemical features that underpin CD4+ T cell responses to influenza. © 2020 The Author(s
Return on Investment in Public Relations: A critical assessment of concepts used by practitioners from the perspectives of communication and management sciences
No full textReturn on Investment (ROI) is a term commonly and non-specifically used by public relations practitioners when discussing the value to be created from communication activities. It mimics business language, particularly from business administration and financial management, but does not figure widely in academic discourse (Watson, 2005).
Although the Institute for Public Relations [now CIPR] undertook a review of ROI practice in the United Kingdom (IPR/CDF 2004) and Likely, Rockland & Weiner (2006) proposed variations of ROI as alternatives to the discredited Advertising Value Equivalence (AVEs) measure of value creation, there has been little discussion other than Macnamara (2007) and Gregory and Watson (2008).
This paper gives an overview on the views of ROI in public relations literature and concepts used by agencies and providers of measurement services. It reports on survey research amongst practitioners in several European countries on identifying the economic value of public relations. The findings are compared with the concepts of ROI used in business and accounting literature (Weber and Schäffer, 2006; Drury, 2007).
Applied theory and parameters for the development of measurement and evaluation techniques are proposed. The paper concludes that the use of the term ROI in public relations needs a proper foundation in overriding management theory; otherwise PR theory and practice will discredit themselves
Indolestes obiri Watson & Moulds 1979
No full textIndolestes obiri * Watson sp. n. (Figs 3, 4, 11, 34-37) Indolestes sp. “o ”; Watson, 1974: 142. Types— Holotype ♂, Northern Territory: 12°23'S 132 ° 56'E, Cannon Hill, 7 km NW by N o f Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, 27-28.v. 1973, J. A. L. W atson (ANIC Type No. 9877) (in ANIC). Paratypes: Northern Territory: one ♀, 11 °59 'S 133 °05 ' E, 5 km S by W of Tor Rock, 5.vi. 1973, T. Weir; one ♀, 12°16 'S 133°13 'E, Birraduk Crfeek, 18 km E by N of Oenpelli, 4.vi. l973, T. Weir; one ♀, 12°18 ' S 133°17 'E, 15 km SW by S of Nimbuwah Rock, 10-ll. xi.1972, J. A. L. Watson; one ♂, one ♀, 12°22 ' S 133°01 'E, 6 km SW by S of Oenpelli, 6.vi. 1973, T. Weir and A. Allwood ; three ♂♂, three ♀♀, same locality as holotype, 12-13.xi.1972, J. A. L. Watson; six ♂♂, four ♀♀, same data as holotype; one ♀. same locality as holotype, 27. V.1973, T. Weir and N. Forrester; one ♂, 12°25 'S 132°57 ' E, Oberie (= Obiri) Rock, 2 km N N W of Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, 29-30.v. 1973, J. A. L. Watson; one ♂, 12°50 ' S 132 °52 ' E, Baroalba Gorge, 19 km E by N of M t Cahill, 8.iii. 1973, J. A. L. W atson; one ♂, 12°52' S 132 ° 47'E, Nourlangie Creek, 8 km E of Mt Cahill, 17-18.xi.1972, J. A. L. W atson; four ♂♂, one ♀, 12°52 ' S 132 ° 50' E, Koongarra, 15 km E of Mt Cahill, 24-25. V. 1973, J. A. L. Watson; four ♂♂, 12°55' S 132°56' E, Lightning Dreaming Gorge, 25 km E by S of Mt Cahill, 12. vi.1973, T. Weir. One paralectotype ♀ of Austrolestes albicauda tindalei, from Groote Eylandt, N. B. Tindale (SAM), appears to be a very pale specimen of I. obiri. However, it is not to be regarded as a paratype of I. obiri. Male A sombre-coloured species, with pale brown and dull metallic green head and thorax, dark brown and cream abdomen. * obiri, for Obiri (Oberie) Rock, a habitat of this cave-haunting lestid; to be treated as an indeclinable noun. Head.—Labium yellowish; labrum and anteclypeus pale greenish brown, slightly darkened on either side of midline; mandibles and genae pale greenish brown; postclypeus pale brown, slightly and variably darkened, approximately central spot on each side; frons pale brown in front, dark greenish on top with pale middorsal stripe, forming pale T-shaped mark and upper part of anterior frons, sometimes obscured; vertex dark greenish, with pale brown ring around median ocellus, sometimes obscured, pale brown crescents beside and behind each lateral ocellus, meeting in midline, and pale spot behind each antenna; occiput pale brownish in midline, along postocellar suture, and occipital margin, leaving broad, irregular triangular green spot adjacent to eye; back o f head pale brown, except for dark green upper parts of postgenae, bordering eyes; scape dark brown, pedicel dark brown in front, pale brown behind, basal segment of flagellum pale brown, darkened apically, rest o f flagellum black. Prothorax pale brown; median and posterior lobes with variable, dark green spots on either side of broad middorsal pale stripe; upper episternum and epimeron marked dark brown; coxa and trochanter pale yellowish brown, spinose inner surfaces of femur and tibia tinged dark brown; tarsi shaded dark brown. Synthorax (Fig. 3) pale brown, m arked darker as follows; collar dark brown; a dark line on each side of dorsal carina, sometimes fused with greenish band extending across mesanepisternum from collar to dark antealar ridge and sinus, which is extended towards mesopleural suture near its centre, and over its upper quarter; a shadowing along mesopleural suture from large upper dark spot to dark spot at angle of suture; a diagonal, trilobed dark green band across mesepimeron, from mesopleural suture to upper middle lateral suture; dark stripe below subalar ridge continuing into triangular patch on metanepisternum, prolonged into dark brown line reaching almost to lower end of upper metapleural suture; a variable dark brown line along upper posterior corner o f metepimeron, adjacent to poststernum; black spot on either side of poststernum; sterna apparently dark brown and yellowish brown, a dark brown midventral stripe extending across metapostcoxales. Coxae and trochanters yellowish; femora and tibiae pale brown, lined dark brown between rows of spines; tarsi pale brown, darkened distally, claws blackish. Wings.—Average length of hind wing 22.34 mm (range 21.1-23.1 mm, N = 10); hyaline, most veins dark brown, R + M and R 1pale brown; pterostigma pale brown, that of fore wing averaging 1.368 mm long (range 1.28-1.40 mm), 0.566 mm wide (range 0.54-0.62 mm) (N = 10). Abdomen (Fig. 11).—Tergite 1 pale brown, darker at extreme base and over distal third, posterior transverse carina dark brown; tergite 2 mainly dark brown above, with pale basal band continuing into pale lateral margin, broken middorsally by narrow dark line on either side of light middorsal stripe, and with illdefined pale transverse band approximately two-thirds o fsegment from base, connecting pale lateral areas at narrowest point of brown dorsal mark to dilatation of middorsal stripe; tergites 3-6 dark brown marked creamy white, the pale m arks increasingly obscured in the more posterior segments—a whitish basal band, broken above by fine dark line on each side of middorsal pale line, and broad whitish transverse band, expanded below, shading from brown approximately two-thirds of segment length from base in middorsal line, ending abruptly at dark brown band occupying distal 20% o f tergite; tergite 7 similar in pattern to tergites 3-6, the pale areas variably obscured, sometimes only basal band and lateral whitish patch evident; tergite 8 dark brown, with or without pale lateral spot just basal to midpoint o f segment; tergite 9 dark brown; segment 10 whitish, with dark brown posterior margin and variable basal dark brown band sometimes expanded at sides (Fig. 11), more commonly narrow, broadest middorsally. Sternite 1 very pale brown; secondary genitalia pale and dark brown; sternites 3-7 with colour patterns matching those of corresponding tergites; sternite 8 dark brown, with pale patch on each side in distal half; sternite 9 pale brown. Anal appendages (Figs 34-37).—Superior appendages averaging 1.350 mm long (range 1.30-1.42 mm, N = 10); basal quarter to third pale, apices dark brown; armature almost concealed in dorsal view, comprising ventral, backwardly curved spine bearing apical pencil of setae, and connected by low ridge to slim medioventral spine, the tip o fformer 0.67-0.75 x, o flatter0.34-0.39 x appendage length from base. Interior appendages rounded, pale brown, margined darker brown. Female Size as in male, hind wing averaging 22.49 mm long (range 21.6-23.2 mm), fore wing pterostigma 1.370 mm (range 1.30-1.42 mm) x 0.584 mm (range 0.54-0.62 mm) (N = 9), the abdomen stockier and shorter than in male, segments 8-9 swollen. Colour and pattern as in male, but dark markings, particularly of synthorax, less extensive (Fig. 4), and in female from G roote Eylandt much less extensive and paler, as in I. alleni; middorsal pale stripe on tergite 3 ofalmost uniform width, not distended into pale spot; whitish bands on tergites 3-6 less well defined than in male, the subapical band narrower; tergites 8- 9 sometimes showing dark middorsal line and apical band, the adjacent areas slightly paler brown, the lateral parts of tergite pale brown. Habitat All but one of the known specimens of I. obiri were taken along the Arnhem Land escarpment and its outliers, where the damselflies frequent shallow caves and overhangs. The breeding grounds are unknown, although a male was taken, apparently on territory, over the upper floodwaters of Baroalba Creek in March 1973.Published as part of J. A. L. Watson & M. S. Moulds, 1979, New Species of Australian Lestidae (Odonata), pp. 143-155 in Australian Journal of Entomology 18 on pages 152-154, DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1979.tb00828.x, http://zenodo.org/record/369960
Settling of finite-size particles in isotropically forced, homogeneous turbulence: interface-resolved simulations
No full textWe have simulated the gravity-induced settling of finite-size particles in a turbulent background flow which is forced in a statistically-stationary fashion. The simulations are accurately resolving the solid-fluid interface with the aid of an immersed boundary technique [1]. The parameters of the simulation are (apart from background turbulence) identical to those of reference [2], where particle clustering was observed at a Galileo number of 178 and a solid volume fraction of 0.005. In the present case, it is found that a relative turbulence intensity of 0.24 leads to the disappearance of the clusters; as a consequence, the increase in average particle settling velocity found in [2] also vanishes. [1] M. Uhlmann. An immersed boundary method with direct forcing for the simulation of particulate flows. J. Comput. Phys., 209(2):448–476, 2005. [2] M. Uhlmann and T. Doychev. Sedimentation of a dilute suspension of rigid spheres at intermediate Galileo numbers: the effect of clustering upon the particle motion. J. Fluid Mech., 752:310–348, 2014
HLA-B*35-restricted CD8(+)-T-cell epitope in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2903c.
No full textFew human CD8(+) T-cell epitopes in mycobacterial antigens have been described to date. Here we have identified a novel HLA-B*35-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitope in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2903c based on a reverse immunogenetics approach. Peptide-specific CD8 T cells were able to kill M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages and produce gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha
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