62,575 research outputs found
Nomenclatural novelties in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flora of China
No full textThe revision of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) for the Flora of China has demonstrated the need to formally publish the following 12 nomenclatural novelties: Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium, (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, Ligusdcum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, L. nullivittatum, (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, Pleurospermum, bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson. In addition, a lectotype is designated for P. govanianum (DC.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke var. bicolor Franch. (P. bicolor)
How to Measure Group Selection in Real-world Populations
No full textMultilevel selection and the evolution of cooperation are fundamental to the formation of higher-level organisation and the evolution of biocomplexity, but such notions are controversial and poorly understood in natural populations. The theoretic principles of group selection are well developed in idealised models where a population is neatly divided into multiple semi-isolated sub-populations. But since such models can be explained by individual selection given the localised frequency-dependent effects involved, some argue that the group selection concepts offered are, even in the idealised case, redundant and that in natural conditions where groups are not well-defined that a group selection framework is entirely inapplicable. This does not necessarily mean, however, that a natural population is not subject to some interesting localised frequency-dependent effects – but how could we formally quantify this under realistic conditions? Here we focus on the presence of a Simpson’s Paradox where, although the local proportion of cooperators decreases at all locations, the global proportion of cooperators increases. We illustrate this principle in a simple individual-based model of bacterial biofilm growth and discuss various complicating factors in moving from theory to practice of measuring group selection
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
Evolution of Individual Group Size Preference can Increase Group-level Selection and Cooperation
No full textThe question of how cooperative groups can evolve and be maintained is fundamental to understanding the evolution of social behaviour in general, and the major transitions in particular. Here, we show how selection on an individual trait for group size preference can increase variance in fitness at the group-level, thereby leading to an increase in cooperation through stronger group selection. We are thus able to show conditions under which a population can evolve from an initial state with low cooperation and only weak group selection, to one where group selection is a highly effective force
Indolestes obiri Watson & Moulds 1979
No full textIndolestes obiri * Watson sp. n. (Figs 3, 4, 11, 34-37) Indolestes sp. “o ”; Watson, 1974: 142. Types— Holotype ♂, Northern Territory: 12°23'S 132 ° 56'E, Cannon Hill, 7 km NW by N o f Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, 27-28.v. 1973, J. A. L. W atson (ANIC Type No. 9877) (in ANIC). Paratypes: Northern Territory: one ♀, 11 °59 'S 133 °05 ' E, 5 km S by W of Tor Rock, 5.vi. 1973, T. Weir; one ♀, 12°16 'S 133°13 'E, Birraduk Crfeek, 18 km E by N of Oenpelli, 4.vi. l973, T. Weir; one ♀, 12°18 ' S 133°17 'E, 15 km SW by S of Nimbuwah Rock, 10-ll. xi.1972, J. A. L. Watson; one ♂, one ♀, 12°22 ' S 133°01 'E, 6 km SW by S of Oenpelli, 6.vi. 1973, T. Weir and A. Allwood ; three ♂♂, three ♀♀, same locality as holotype, 12-13.xi.1972, J. A. L. Watson; six ♂♂, four ♀♀, same data as holotype; one ♀. same locality as holotype, 27. V.1973, T. Weir and N. Forrester; one ♂, 12°25 'S 132°57 ' E, Oberie (= Obiri) Rock, 2 km N N W of Cahill’s Crossing, East Alligator River, 29-30.v. 1973, J. A. L. Watson; one ♂, 12°50 ' S 132 °52 ' E, Baroalba Gorge, 19 km E by N of M t Cahill, 8.iii. 1973, J. A. L. W atson; one ♂, 12°52' S 132 ° 47'E, Nourlangie Creek, 8 km E of Mt Cahill, 17-18.xi.1972, J. A. L. W atson; four ♂♂, one ♀, 12°52 ' S 132 ° 50' E, Koongarra, 15 km E of Mt Cahill, 24-25. V. 1973, J. A. L. Watson; four ♂♂, 12°55' S 132°56' E, Lightning Dreaming Gorge, 25 km E by S of Mt Cahill, 12. vi.1973, T. Weir. One paralectotype ♀ of Austrolestes albicauda tindalei, from Groote Eylandt, N. B. Tindale (SAM), appears to be a very pale specimen of I. obiri. However, it is not to be regarded as a paratype of I. obiri. Male A sombre-coloured species, with pale brown and dull metallic green head and thorax, dark brown and cream abdomen. * obiri, for Obiri (Oberie) Rock, a habitat of this cave-haunting lestid; to be treated as an indeclinable noun. Head.—Labium yellowish; labrum and anteclypeus pale greenish brown, slightly darkened on either side of midline; mandibles and genae pale greenish brown; postclypeus pale brown, slightly and variably darkened, approximately central spot on each side; frons pale brown in front, dark greenish on top with pale middorsal stripe, forming pale T-shaped mark and upper part of anterior frons, sometimes obscured; vertex dark greenish, with pale brown ring around median ocellus, sometimes obscured, pale brown crescents beside and behind each lateral ocellus, meeting in midline, and pale spot behind each antenna; occiput pale brownish in midline, along postocellar suture, and occipital margin, leaving broad, irregular triangular green spot adjacent to eye; back o f head pale brown, except for dark green upper parts of postgenae, bordering eyes; scape dark brown, pedicel dark brown in front, pale brown behind, basal segment of flagellum pale brown, darkened apically, rest o f flagellum black. Prothorax pale brown; median and posterior lobes with variable, dark green spots on either side of broad middorsal pale stripe; upper episternum and epimeron marked dark brown; coxa and trochanter pale yellowish brown, spinose inner surfaces of femur and tibia tinged dark brown; tarsi shaded dark brown. Synthorax (Fig. 3) pale brown, m arked darker as follows; collar dark brown; a dark line on each side of dorsal carina, sometimes fused with greenish band extending across mesanepisternum from collar to dark antealar ridge and sinus, which is extended towards mesopleural suture near its centre, and over its upper quarter; a shadowing along mesopleural suture from large upper dark spot to dark spot at angle of suture; a diagonal, trilobed dark green band across mesepimeron, from mesopleural suture to upper middle lateral suture; dark stripe below subalar ridge continuing into triangular patch on metanepisternum, prolonged into dark brown line reaching almost to lower end of upper metapleural suture; a variable dark brown line along upper posterior corner o f metepimeron, adjacent to poststernum; black spot on either side of poststernum; sterna apparently dark brown and yellowish brown, a dark brown midventral stripe extending across metapostcoxales. Coxae and trochanters yellowish; femora and tibiae pale brown, lined dark brown between rows of spines; tarsi pale brown, darkened distally, claws blackish. Wings.—Average length of hind wing 22.34 mm (range 21.1-23.1 mm, N = 10); hyaline, most veins dark brown, R + M and R 1pale brown; pterostigma pale brown, that of fore wing averaging 1.368 mm long (range 1.28-1.40 mm), 0.566 mm wide (range 0.54-0.62 mm) (N = 10). Abdomen (Fig. 11).—Tergite 1 pale brown, darker at extreme base and over distal third, posterior transverse carina dark brown; tergite 2 mainly dark brown above, with pale basal band continuing into pale lateral margin, broken middorsally by narrow dark line on either side of light middorsal stripe, and with illdefined pale transverse band approximately two-thirds o fsegment from base, connecting pale lateral areas at narrowest point of brown dorsal mark to dilatation of middorsal stripe; tergites 3-6 dark brown marked creamy white, the pale m arks increasingly obscured in the more posterior segments—a whitish basal band, broken above by fine dark line on each side of middorsal pale line, and broad whitish transverse band, expanded below, shading from brown approximately two-thirds of segment length from base in middorsal line, ending abruptly at dark brown band occupying distal 20% o f tergite; tergite 7 similar in pattern to tergites 3-6, the pale areas variably obscured, sometimes only basal band and lateral whitish patch evident; tergite 8 dark brown, with or without pale lateral spot just basal to midpoint o f segment; tergite 9 dark brown; segment 10 whitish, with dark brown posterior margin and variable basal dark brown band sometimes expanded at sides (Fig. 11), more commonly narrow, broadest middorsally. Sternite 1 very pale brown; secondary genitalia pale and dark brown; sternites 3-7 with colour patterns matching those of corresponding tergites; sternite 8 dark brown, with pale patch on each side in distal half; sternite 9 pale brown. Anal appendages (Figs 34-37).—Superior appendages averaging 1.350 mm long (range 1.30-1.42 mm, N = 10); basal quarter to third pale, apices dark brown; armature almost concealed in dorsal view, comprising ventral, backwardly curved spine bearing apical pencil of setae, and connected by low ridge to slim medioventral spine, the tip o fformer 0.67-0.75 x, o flatter0.34-0.39 x appendage length from base. Interior appendages rounded, pale brown, margined darker brown. Female Size as in male, hind wing averaging 22.49 mm long (range 21.6-23.2 mm), fore wing pterostigma 1.370 mm (range 1.30-1.42 mm) x 0.584 mm (range 0.54-0.62 mm) (N = 9), the abdomen stockier and shorter than in male, segments 8-9 swollen. Colour and pattern as in male, but dark markings, particularly of synthorax, less extensive (Fig. 4), and in female from G roote Eylandt much less extensive and paler, as in I. alleni; middorsal pale stripe on tergite 3 ofalmost uniform width, not distended into pale spot; whitish bands on tergites 3-6 less well defined than in male, the subapical band narrower; tergites 8- 9 sometimes showing dark middorsal line and apical band, the adjacent areas slightly paler brown, the lateral parts of tergite pale brown. Habitat All but one of the known specimens of I. obiri were taken along the Arnhem Land escarpment and its outliers, where the damselflies frequent shallow caves and overhangs. The breeding grounds are unknown, although a male was taken, apparently on territory, over the upper floodwaters of Baroalba Creek in March 1973.Published as part of J. A. L. Watson & M. S. Moulds, 1979, New Species of Australian Lestidae (Odonata), pp. 143-155 in Australian Journal of Entomology 18 on pages 152-154, DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1979.tb00828.x, http://zenodo.org/record/369960
Letter from Stephen T. Mather, U.S. National Park Service to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter from the Director of the National Park Service, Stephen T. Mather, to Jesse L. Boyce informing him that immediate action is being taken to remove the TNT from the Grand Canyon
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
Advertising value equivalence – PR’s illegitimate offspring.
No full textPublic relations measurement and evaluation have long been major practice subjects. From the late 1970s onwards they have been identified as an important issue for research and practice implementation (McElreath, 1980, 1989; Synnott & McKie, 1997, Watson & Noble 2007; Watson 2008). The evolution of public relations measurement starts much earlier, with some suggesting that media monitoring practices can be identified from the late 18th century onwards (Lamme & Miller, 2010). Although the academic approach to measurement and evaluation has mostly favoured social science methodologies (Broom & Dozier 1990, Michaelson & Stacks 2011), there has been persistent and widespread practice use of Advertising Value Equivalence (AVE) to express the value of public relations activity for decades. Recent data (Daniels & Gaunt, 2009) found that AVE was used by 35% of a large international sample of practitioners. Early significant US practitioners, including Lee and Page, instituted media monitoring of programme outputs and AT&T developed sophisticated opinion researching to guide and monitor its communication activity (Cutlip 1994). Literature in the 1930s and 1940s indicate that these practices were extant, especially basic monitoring of media coverage (Batchelor, 1938). However, there are indications that AVE was in use from the 1940s onward. Plackard and Blackmon (1947) refer to it in the US and provide an example of its calculation. In the UK, the first warning against AVE came in a 1949 edition of the IPR Journal (J. L’Etang, personal communication, January 10, 2011). Both sources thus indicate it was an established practice by mid-century, although it did not surface in professional or quasi-academic literature till the late 1960s. AVE was further operationalized by the emergence of computer based analysis, such as offered by PR Data, in the mid-1960s (Tirone, 1977). From that decade onwards, its use became widespread, as indicated by industry coverage of awards and case studies and by award case studies. Latterly, AVE has been directly challenged by the Barcelona Declaration’s Principle 5 which stated that “AVEs are Not the Value of Public Relations” (AMEC, 2010). It added that AVEs “do not measure the value of public relations and do not inform future activity; they measure the cost of media space and are rejected as a concept to value public relations.” Time will tell whether AVE is replaced by other, valid metrics. This paper investigates the evolution of AVE, which has long been damned as illegitimate, and postulates whether it arose from clippings agencies, advertising planning practices or from other influences on public relations
Urban heat island research in Phoenix, Arizona: Theoretical contributions and policy applications
No full textabstract: This review investigates the possible reasons and motivations underpinning the large body of work, as well as summarizing specific themes, approaches, and theoretical contributions arising from such study.Corresponding Author:
Winston T. L. Chow
Arizona State University
[email protected]
Nine years of video landers at the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife's Marine Resources Program
No full textLeif K. Rasmuson, Kelly A. Lawrence, Gregory K. Krutzikowsky, Jessica L. Watson, Lindsay Aylesworth, Robert W. Hannah, Brett T. Rodomsky, Brittany Huntington, Keith Matteson, Ryan R. Easton.Title from PDF title page (viewed on April 1, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-46).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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