1,721,087 research outputs found
Facilitating training in communication and development in Papua New Guinea
No full textThis paper focuses on the experiences of the author in writing,\ud
implementing, and evaluating a course on communication and\ud
development. This new course is a central theoretical component in the\ud
revised curriculum of the Communication Arts department at Divine\ud
Word University, in Madang, Papua New Guinea. It is hoped that this\ud
paper may be of some value to others who intend to teach development\ud
theories to communication specialists in the developing world
The mobile phone : the new communication drum of Papua New Guinea
No full textThis thesis examines the role of mobile telephony in rural communities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is a threshold study which reports on research conducted in the earliest stages of mobile phone adoption in these areas. It explores the ways in which this new technology changes people’s lives, social structures and relationships. The research focuses on non-urban communities, which previously had little or no access to modern communication technologies, but which are in some cases still using traditional forms of communication such as drums. It has found that the introduction of mobile telecommunications has generally been viewed positively, although several negative concerns have been strongly felt. Specific benefits related to enhanced communication with relatives and friends living away from home villages, and use of the technology in time-critical emergencies or crises. Difficulties have arisen with respect to the cost of owning and operating a handset, as well as financial and logistical challenges when recharging handset batteries, particularly in areas with no mains electricity supply. Perceived damaging effects of mobile phone access related to sex, crime and pornography. \ud
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The changes taking place are described through a social lens, by foregrounding the perceptions of villagers. The perspectives of key informants, such as telecommunication company managers, are also discussed. Employing the technique of triangulation (using different methods and sources) has helped to validate the findings of the research project. The sources constantly overlap and agree on the main themes, such as those outlined above. \ud
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PNG is a developing country which performs poorly on a wide range of development indicators. A large majority of the people live outside of the major towns and cities. It is therefore worthwhile investigating the introduction of mobile phone technology in rural areas. These areas often have poor access to services, including transport, health, education and banking. Until 2007, communities in such regions fell outside of mobile phone coverage areas. In the case of all ten villages discussed in this thesis, there has never been any landline telephone infrastructure available. Therefore, this research on mobile phones is in effect documenting the first ever access to any kind of phone in these communities.\ud
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This research makes a unique contribution to knowledge about the role of communication in PNG, and has implications for policy, practice and theory. In the policy arena, the thesis aids understanding of the impact which communication sector competition and regulation can have on rural and relatively isolated communities. There are three practical problems which have emerged from the research: cost, battery recharging difficulties and breakage are all major obstacles to uptake and use of mobile telephony in rural communities. Efforts to reduce usage costs, enable easier recharging, and design more robust handsets would allow for increased utilisation of mobile phones for a range of purposes. With respect to the realm of theory, this research sits amongst the most recent scholarship in the mobile phone field, located within the broader communication theory area. It recommends cautionary reading of any literature which suggests that mobile phones will reduce poverty and increase incomes in poor, rural communities in developing countries. Nonetheless, the present research adds weight to mobile phone studies which suggest that the primary advantages of mobile phones in such settings are for the satisfactions of communication of itself, and for social interaction among loved ones.\u
Health Workforce Shortages: Do Global Healthcare Dollars Equate to Workforce Sense?
No full textThis is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Watson, Amanda DNP, CNM, APRN. Health Workforce Shortages: Do Global Healthcare Dollars Equate to Workforce Sense?. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 38(2):p 124-125, April/June 2024. | DOI: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000811. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000811. © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. This article will be embargoed until 05/13/2025.An adequate, skilled, and well-distributed workforce is essential to preserving the quality, accessibility, and sustainability of the global health system and efforts toward universal health coverage.1,2 Despite reduction of overall health workforce (HWF) shortage estimates to 10.2 million by 2030, from a previous estimate of 18 million, we are seeing HWF disparities more than double in the 47 countries identified in the World Health Organizationʼs (WHO) support and safeguard list.2 Midwives and their workforce equivalents contribute significantly to critical human resource pools needed to address maternal and infant health indicators worldwide, yet growth of jobs and educational programs continue to lag.2,3 Medical technology and foreign labor exchanges reflect migration patterns from low-to middle-income countries (LMICs) toward high-income countries (HICs) in North America and Western Europe, despite regulatory efforts and ethical guidelines regarding human resource trade.1,2 Natural disasters, conflict, and disease pandemics, such as COVID-19, further stress already compromised healthcare education, training, and workforce pools, in ways we have yet to fully understand.2,4 The responsibility for resolution to this crisis lies internationally, as the fluidity of medical technology and labor exchanges across international borders uniquely characterize the global workforce issues of our generation.1,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
How educated PNG youth perceive western power
No full textThis paper examines how educated Papua New Guinean youth perceive Western countries, and in particular their level of power. The educated youth studied in this paper come from across Papua New Guinea. They stem from a wide range of geographical and cultural settings. University students are the research subjects as these are the educated, privileged young people who will most likely move into positions of influence. Given this group's comparative educational advantage, this paper assesses their level of knowledge about international events and systems. This paper then examines the young people's perspective on the West by focusing on two cases: the United States of America, and Australia. Particular international news events, such as the war in Iraq, are examined, in order to provide specific insights into the dominant perceptions shared by the students. The influence that media consumption may have on these perceptions is explored. Methods of investigation include questionnaires and focus groups
"Random violence and rampant crime" : research among the 'Raskols'
No full textThe capital city of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, has for many years ranked as the worst city in the world on the Economist Intelligence Unit's liveability rankings. Violent crime and tribal fights throughout Papua New Guinea are reported in the Australian media, along with stories about corruption. Is it little wonder then that an Australian university would have reservations about allowing a young, single, white, female student to travel to the country alone to conduct her field research?\ud
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This paper outlines the numerous concerns that have been raised by QUT regarding the author's proposed field research expeditions to Papua New Guinea. It sympathises with the university's well-intentioned concerns, while realising that these concerns could restrain the proposed research. The paper provides a considered, thoughtful response.\ud
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The paper outlines responses contained in the author's risk assessment documentation. The conference presentation will include images and will draw upon the author's experiences during three years living and working in Papua New Guinea. Information about Papua New Guinea's diverse cultures, languages, landscapes and lifestyles will be shared. The paper will suggest common sense precautions and simple strategies that could be employed in an unfamiliar setting. These approaches will inform and aid the research process. The author's intended strategies may offer some insights for any researcher intending to travel off the beaten path
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Could mobile telephony be harnessed for development in Papua New Guinea?
No full textCould mobile telephony be harnessed for development in Papua New Guinea (PNG)? Could mobile phones be utilised to enhance the security and prosperity of rural communities? Could mobile phones be a useful tool in the achievement of the PNG 2050 Vision targets? This paper is based on literature review around use of mobile phones in development in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. It also draws on discussions with key players in PNG, such as NGOs, UN agencies, donor partners, telecommunication companies and the government of PNG. Anticipated benefits of mobile phone availability have not been fully realised in rural areas of PNG to date due to pricing, difficulties with recharging handset batteries in communities which do not have mains electricity supply, and also concerns about negative social changes related to mobile telephony, for example parental stress over youth forming unsuitable relationships. Nonetheless, there are manifest possible ways for mobile phone technology to change user communication patterns positively regarding economic output. In sectors as diverse as health, education and law and justice, discussions are currently underway to establish how mobile phones could be used to increase service delivery, particularly to rural and marginal communities
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