1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND APPLICATION OF DUAL FUNCTIONING BODIPY PHOTOSENSITIZERS: A THERANOSTIC PHOTODYNAMIC APPROACH FOR CANCER THERAPY
Get PDFDevelopment of concomitant photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photosensitizer fluorescence detection (PFD), termed theranostics, is of primary interest as combining the two modalities stands to offer a more personalized cost effective “see, treat, and monitor” approach. As a minimally invasive drug-device strategy, the standard protocol involves photosensitizer (light sensitive drug) or fluorophore administration followed by light activation. Specifically, PDT is an approved regimen for the treatment of non-malignant and neoplastic disease. The cytotoxic effect derives from an activated photosensitizer reaction with local oxygen, which produces a tumor damaging species known as singlet oxygen. PFD employs a fluorophore as an invaluable tool for monitoring photosensitizer bio-distribution along with delineating healthy and diseased tissue in the native environment. The two, PDT and PFD, are distinguished via competing photochemical mechanism of administered drugs, which in part hampers their combined application.
A photosensitizer’s therapeutic efficacy is invariably linked to intersystem crossing, which attenuates fluorescence required for imaging. Improving fluorescence yield of photosensitizer’s stands to impart information concerning drug location and concentration. These parameters are vital for determining the optimal time of illumination within PDT. Furthermore, fusion of PDT and PFD enables impromptu eradication of detected disease and subsequent monitoring of photodynamic response when targeted photosensitizers are used.
This dissertation explores the design and synthesis of NIR dual functioning mono-BODIPY photosensitizers for optical image-guided PDT. The synthetic methodology excludes conventional incorporation of halogens as heavy atoms, which alter photophysical properties. Moreover, identification of the key structure photophysical property relationship for obtaining both effective fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation was uncovered along with elucidation of the photochemical mechanism. Above all, application through fluorescence bio-distribution studies and whole body in vivo imaging facilitates more effective tumor ablation through optimizing drug-light intervals for PDT.
The objective of this dissertation is to develop NIR BODIPY photosensitizers applicable for imaging and therapy with one PS. Chapter I describes ingenious efforts to develop NIR BODIPY dyes, yet none have surfaced as dual agents for fluorescence detection and therapy. In addition, Chapter I highlight functionalization of NIR BODIPY dyes for improving water solubility, and tethering to cancer specific biomolecules.
In Chapter II, citing the weak fluorescence of porphyrin based PS and populated triplet state of BODIPY fluorophores, intersystem crossing and production of singlet oxygen was accomplished without the use of heavy halogen atoms such as Br and I. The heavy atom effect significantly reduces the fluorescence, thus limiting its dual-application. BODIPY and thiophene units were fused for extended conjugation with varying electronic effects. An investigation into the structure photophyscial property relationship concluded electron-withdrawing groups enable singlet oxygen generation absent conventional heavy atom incorporation. The lead compound, SBDPiR690 has an inherent brightness and phototoxic power of 26,400 M-1cm-1 and 50,400 M-1cm-1, respectively. The design and synthesis of several analogs resulted in an improved SBDPIR688 analog with a brightness of 37, 440 M-1cm-1 and phototoxic power of 45,120 M-1cm-1.
Chapter III demonstrates the translation of our lead compound SBDPiR690 photo physical properties in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, concentration dependence on cell survival illustrates minimal dark toxicity at the cell monolayer. Furthermore, brightness of the parent compound proved advantageous for non-invasive imaging of bio-distribution. The pharmacokinetic pattern helps establish an optimal drug light interval for vascular-targeted PDT, which was successful in total eradication of sub-cutaneous colon 26 tumor.
In Chapter IV, we modify parent compounds through incorporating functional groups potentially facilitating improved aqueous solubility and overall improved pharmacokinetics. The inclusion of ester moieties through substitution of the boron center disrupts singlet oxygen generation in our improved analog SBDPiR688. However, ester synthons at the peripheral sites of the lead compound SBDPiR690 maintain its therapeutic capability through singlet oxygen generation. The ester functionality offers potential conjugation of target specific ligands for improved pharmacodynamics
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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