6,096 research outputs found
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
Progress of international hydrogen production network for the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle
No full textThis paper presents recent advances by an international team which is developing the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle for hydrogen production. Development of the Cu–Cl cycle has been pursued by several countries within the framework of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. Due to its lower temperature requirements in comparison with other thermochemical cycles, the Cu–Cl cycle is particularly well matched with Canada's Generation IV reactor, SCWR (Super-Critical Water Reactor), as well as other heat sources such as solar energy or industrial waste heat. In this paper, recent developments of the Cu–Cl cycle are presented, specifically involving unit operation experiments, corrosion resistant materials and system integration.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs progra
ŻYCIE UKRYTE W SŁOWIE. "BEKSIŃSCY. PORTRET PODWÓJNY" MAGDALENY GRZEBIAŁKOWSKIEJ W ŚWIETLE POSTSTRUKTURALIZMU
No full textLife Hidden in Words. Magdalena Grzebiałkowska\u27s "Beksińscy. Portret podwójny" and Poststructuralism
The article analyzes Magdalena Grzebiałkowska\u27s biographical "Beksińscy. Portret podwójny" which focuses on the lives of Zdzisław Beksiński and Tomasz Beksiński. The author looks at the construction of the biography and its relationship to poststructuralism, which allows for an appreciation of the literary features of the book. He points to how the specificity of the content, language, a mode of narration in Grzebiałkowska\u27s book make it a full-fledged literary work itself. As such the book departs from a typical biographical scheme. Juxtaposing the book with poststructural ideas leads to the reconsideration of the role of the author in the process of shaping of a biographical narrative
Systems, methods and devices for the capture and hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with thermochemical Cu—Cl and Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2 cycles
No full textSystems, methods, and devices for producing hydrogen and capturing CO2 from emissions combine both H2 production and CO2 capture processes in forms of thermochemical cycles to produce useful products from captured CO2. The thermochemical cycles are copper-chlorine (Cu—Cl) and magnesium-chlorine-sodium/potassium cycles (Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2). One system comprises a Cu—Cl cycle, a CO2 capture loop, and a hydrogenation cycle. Another system comprises an Mg—Cl—Na/K—CO2 cycle and a hydrogenation cycle. Devices for hydrogen production, CO2 capture, hydrogenation, and process and equipment integration include a two-stage fluidized/packed bed, hybrid two-stage spray-fluidized/packed bed reactor, a two-stage wet-mode absorber, a hybrid two-stage absorber, and a catalyst packed/fluidized bed reactor
Clean hydrogen production with the Cu–Cl cycle – Progress of international consortium, I: Experimental unit operations
No full textAdvancement of the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle for hydrogen production is reviewed and discussed in this paper. Individual unit operations and their linkage into an integrated cycle are being developed by a Canadian consortium, as part of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. This paper focuses on the consortium’s latest advances on the Cu–Cl cycle, particularly with respect to hydrogen production with Canada’s Generation IV reactor, called SCWR (Super-Critical Water Reactor). Other heat sources may also be utilized for the Cu–Cl cycle, such as solar energy or industrial waste heat. In this first of two companion papers, recent developments in Canada’s nuclear hydrogen program are reported, specifically unit operation experiments of the Cu–Cl cycle and system integration. The following second companion paper will present system modeling with Aspen Plus, corrosion resistant materials, thermochemistry, safety, and reliability aspects of the Cu–Cl cycle.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs progra
Fluktuationsspektroskopie an organischen Ladungstransfersalzen
No full textQuasi-zweidimensionale organischen Ladungstransfersalze weisen gewisse Analogien zu den Hochtemperatur-Kupratsupraleitern (HTSL) auf. Zu nennen ist einerseits der ähnliche schichtartige Aufbau, wobei sich leitfähige und isolierende Ebenen abwechseln. Zum anderen liegt der antiferromagnetische Grundzustand in direkter Nachbarschaft zur Supraleitung und bei höheren Temperaturen wird ebenfalls die Entstehung einer Pseudo-Energielücke diskutiert. Im Gegensatz zu den HTSL können die elektronischen Eigenschaften der organischen Ladungstransfersalze jedoch leicht durch äußere Parameter wie hydrostatischen bzw. chemischen Druck - die Verwendung verschiedener Anionen X läßt sich in einem verallgemeinerten Phasendiagramm ebenfalls auf die Achse W/U abbilden, siehe Abschn. 4.2 - oder moderate Temperaturen beeinflußt werden. In den quasi-zweidimensionalen K-(BEDT-TTF)2X-Salzen ist bspw. ein moderater Druck p ~ 250 bar ausreichend, um das antiferromagnetisch-isolierende System (X=Cu[N(CN)2]Cl) auf die metallische Seite des Phasendiagramms zu verschieben, wobei dann im Grundzustand Supraleitung auftritt (Tc ~ 12,8 K). Eine Dotierung wie bei den HTSL und die damit einhergehende unerwünschte Unordnung ist nicht notwendig um einen Isolator-Metall-übergang zu induzieren. Demnach sind die experimentellen Anforderungen im Vergleich zu anderen stark korrelierten Elektronensystemen auf relativ einfache Weise zu realisieren. Auch das macht die organischen Ladungstransfersalze zu idealen Modellsystemen, um fundamentale Konzepte der theoretischen Festkörperphysik zu studieren, wovon einige bislang lediglich von akademischem Interesse waren. Erstmalig wird in dieser Arbeit die Fluktuationsspektroskopie als experimentelle Methode angewendet, um die Dynamik des TT-Elektronensystems in den quasi-zweidimensionalen organischen Ladungstransfersalzen K-(BEDT-TTF)2X bei niedrigen Frequenzen zu studieren. Ziel ist es, Informationen über die Temperatur-, Druck- und Magnetfeld-Abhängigkeit der spektralen Leistungsdichte des Widerstandsrauschens und damit über die Dynamik der Ladungsfluktuationen zu gewinnen. Insbesondere in der Nähe korrelationsgetriebener Ordnungsphänomene spielt die Dynamik der Ladungsträger eine entscheidende Rolle. Auch die Kopplung des elektronischen Systems an bestimmte strukturelle Anregungen hat Einfluß auf das Widerstandsrauschen. Zu Beginn wird eine kurze Einführung in die Signalanalyse gegeben und daran anschließend werden verschiedene Arten des Rauschens in Festkörpern dargestellt (Kap. 1). Einige der für diese Arbeit relevanten Ordnungsphänomene werden in Kap. 2 in knapper Form eingeführt, wobei auf die dynamischen Eigenschaften in der Nähe eines Glasübergangs etwas ausführlicher eingegangen wird. Nach der Vorstellung der eingesetzten Meßmethoden, des Versuchsaufbaus und der Probenkontaktierung (Kap. 3) werden die experimentellen Ergebnisse an den K-(BEDT-TTF)2X-Salzen in Kap. 4 ausführlich diskutiert.Quasi-twodimensional organic charge-transfer salts show certain analogies to the High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors (HTSC), e.g., the layered structure where conducting and insulating sheets do alternate as well as the direct proximity of the antiferromagnetic insulating ground state to the superconducting phase. At higher temperatures the formation of a pseudo-gap in the density of states is discussed also. In contrast to the HTSC the electronic properties of the organic charge-transfer salts can be easily influenced by external parameters such as hydrostatic or chemical pressure - in a generalized phase diagram the usage of different anions X can be mapped on the axis W/U as well, see Sec. 4.2 - or moderate temperatures. In the quasi-twodimensional K-(BEDT-TTF)2X salts, e.g., a moderate pressure of p ~ 250 bar is sufficient to shift the antiferromagnetic-insulating system (X=Cu[N(CN)2]Cl) to the metallic side of the phase diagram showing even superconductivity below a critical temperature of Tc ~ 12.8 K. Doping as in the HTSC and the undesirable disorder accompanied with it is not necessary to induce a metal-to-insulator transition. Therefore the experimental requirements are more easily met in this class of materials compared to other strongly correlated electron systems. All this makes the organic charge-transfer salts ideal model systems to study fundamental concepts of theoretical solid state physics some of which have been of academical interest only so far. In this work fluctuation spectroscopy has been used for the first time to investigate the low-frequency dynamics of the TT-electron system in the quasi-twodimensional organic charge-transfer salts K-(BEDT-TTF)2X with the aim to gain information about the temperature, pressure and magnetic field dependence of the power spectral density of the resistance noise and therefore about the dynamics of the charge carrier fluctuations. Especially in the vicinity of correlation driven ordering phenomena the dynamics of the charge carriers play an important role. Additionally, the coupling of the electronic system to certain structural excitations influences the resistance noise. At the beginning a short introduction to signal analysis is given, followed by a description of different kinds of noise in solids (Chap. 1). Some of the ordering phenoma relevant for this work are briefly introduced in Chap. 2 in which the dynamical properties near a glass transition are discussed in more detail. After the presentation of the applied measuring techniques, the experimental setup, and the sample contacting (Ch. 3), the experimental results on the K-(BEDT-TTF)2X salts are discussed extensively in Chap. 4
Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical Cu–Cl cycle
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the status of Canada’s program on nuclear hydrogen production and the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle. Enabling technologies for the Cu–Cl cycle are being developed by a Canadian consortium, as part of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) for hydrogen production with the next generation of nuclear reactors. Particular emphasis in this paper is given to hydrogen production with Canada’s Super-Critical Water Reactor, SCWR. Recent advances towards an integrated lab-scale Cu–Cl cycle are discussed, including experimentation, modeling, simulation, advanced materials, thermochemistry, safety, reliability and economics. In addition, electrolysis during off-peak hours, and the processes of integrating hydrogen plants with Canada’s nuclear plants are presented.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence FundArgonne National Laboratory (International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)University Network of Excellence in Nuclear Engineering (UNENE)Canada Research Chairs (CRC
K-shell Photoionization of Atomic Cl
No full textRecent measurements of the photoionization of atomic Cl in the vicinity of the 1s thresholds have motivated the present R-matrix calculation which takes into account relativistic effects via the Breit-Pauli operator. The computer code CIV3 of Hibbert and Glass and Hibbert, which also includes relativistic effects, is used to obtain the discrete wavefunctions. These are constructed with orbitals generated from a carefully-chosen large scale configuration interaction expansion. The open-shell nature of the Cl atom translates into the existence of actually four 1s thresholds, 3Po 0,1,2 and 1P 1. The results are analyzed with particular focus on the resonances leading up to the four thresholds, and the various effects that dominate the cross sections in this energy range are unraveled
Integrated gasification and Cu–Cl cycle for trigeneration of hydrogen, steam and electricity
No full textThis paper develops and analyzes an integrated process model of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and a thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle for trigeneration of hydrogen, steam and electricity. The process model is developed with Aspen HYSYS software. By using oxygen instead of air for the gasification process, where oxygen is provided by the integrated Cu–Cl cycle, it is found that the hydrogen content of produced syngas increases by about 20%, due to improvement of the gasification combustion efficiency and reduction of syngas NOx emissions. Moreover, about 60% of external heat required for the integrated Cu–Cl cycle can be provided by the IGCC plant, with minor modifications of the steam cycle, and a slight decrease of IGCC overall efficiency. Integration of gasification and thermochemical hydrogen production can provide significant improvements in the overall hydrogen, steam and electricity output, when compared against the processes each operating separately and independently of each other.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC
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