1,720,961 research outputs found
Reliability and validity of the child version of the Eating Disorder Examination: a preliminary investigation
No full textObjective: The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a reliable and valid semistructured interview that measures the specific psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa. The current study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the child adaptation of the EDE (ChEDE 12.0).Method: The ChEDE was administered to 15 children with AN, 15 children with other clinical eating disturbances, and two groups of 15 age-matched controls. The groups were compared using a two-sample matched groups design.Results: Alpha coefficients for each of the ChEDE subscales indicated a high degree of internal consistency, and interrater reliability was found to be high (r = .91 to r = 1.00). The subscale scores of the AN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, whereas the other eating disturbance group did not differ from its control group.Discussion: The ChEDE differentiates children with AN from children with other forms of clinical eating disturbance and control children
Pattern of birth in anorexia nervosa I: early-onset cases in the United Kingdom
No full textOBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggest that adults with anorexia nervosa are more likely to be born in spring and early summer. This study examines whether this pattern of birth is true of early-onset anorexia nervosa, and whether there is a relationship between environmental temperature at assumed time of conception and a later diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.METHOD: The population were children and adolescents with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (N = 259) or "other eating disorders" (N = 149). Distribution of births across the year was compared between groups and relative to standard population norms. Temperature at assumed time of conception was taken from meteorological records.RESULTS: There was a significant preponderance of births among those with anorexia nervosa between April and June, compared with the other months of the year and with the "other eating disorders" group. Anorexia nervosa was also associated with higher environmental temperature at assumed time of conception.CONCLUSIONS: Among early-onset cases in the United Kingdom, patients with anorexia nervosa are more likely to be born between April and June, and to be conceived during warmer months. A tentative "temperature at conception" hypothesis is advanced to explain these findings and to generate further research
Pattern of birth in adults with anorexia nervosa
No full textWhile women with anorexia nervosa are more likely to be born in March through June (in the northern hemisphere), there is no coherent model that explains this association. This study examined the birth pattern of adult restrictive and binge-purge anorexics and whether environmental temperature at assumed conception is a relevant factor. Retrospective analysis of the case notes of 195 adult anorexics was used to determine diagnosis, date of birth, eating attitudes, and body mass index. Meteorological records were used to determine temperature at assumed point of conception. Restrictive anorexics were significantly more likely than binge-purge anorexics to be born in April through June (, conceived July through September). A higher environmental temperature at the point of assumed conception was more likely to be found in restrictive anorexics than in anorexics of the binge-purge subtype. A higher environmental temperature at the assumed point of conception was associated with more restrictive eating attitudes during adulthood, but only among the restrictive anorexics. Possible explanations and implications of these findings are discussed
Pattern of birth in anorexia nervosa II: a comparison of early-onset cases in the southern and northern hemispheres
No full textObjective: In the northern hemisphere, people with anorexia nervosa are more likely to be born in the spring and early summer, particularly when environmental temperature at assumed time of conception is warmer. This study investigates whether there is a comparable effect in the southern hemisphere (Australia), where seasonal and temperature patterns are reversed.Method: Date of birth and temperature at assumed time of conception were collected for 199 Australian and 259 UK patients with early-onset anorexia nervosa. Analyses determined patterns of birth and links to temperature at conception.Results: There was little change across the year in the birth patterns of young people with anorexia nervosa in the southern hemisphere. However, there was a significant link between temperature at assumed time of conception and diagnostic subtype. Compared with anorexics of the binge/purge subtype, restrictive anorexics from the southern hemisphere were less likely to be conceived in relatively cool weather.Conclusions: The findings support a temperature at conception hypothesis (modified for local temperature ranges), rather than suggesting a simple seasonal pattern of birth
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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