817 research outputs found
Stages for the More Sustainable Farm
No full textCurrently, agricultural farm units are faced with a double and most times contradictory challenge, in order to be successful: on the one hand the invested capital has to be profitable and the economic performance has to be maximised. On the other hand, given the socio-environmental situation, it is necessary to preserve and to protect the environment and natural resources. Given the potential conflict of the two aims, since the satisfaction of one implies the underperformance of the other (and vice versa), the question then is: which is the solution to choose? We intend, in this work, to formulate a farm plan with the purpose of reconciling the criteria of environmental sustainability with that of economic competitiveness. For this achievement we proceed to the comparative study of sustainability of different groups of farms identified in the study area (first evaluation cycle) through MESMIS (“Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Mediante Indicadores de Sustentabilidad” - Framework for Evaluation of Natural-Resource Systems Handling through Sustainability Indicators) methodology, that allowed to select the more sustainable group of farms. Based on the found potentialities and weakness on these production systems, we stepped to the planning of a production unit of bovine meat, which obeys simultaneously to economic and environmental objectives, using Multicriteria Decision. We finished the work with the sustainability evaluation between groups of farms identified previously and the planned farms (second evaluation cycle), based, again, in the MESMIS methodology, to confirm (or not) the greatest sustainability of the last ones. Analyses of the results allow us to confirm the greatest relative sustainability of the planned farm, for the diverse traced scenarios.Decision taking, planning, sustainability, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,
Imperfect competition in the fresh tomato industry
No full textIn this paper, we analyse the market power of the retail industry in the French tomato market. Following the methods developed in the New Empirical Industrial Organization, we develop a structural model of this industry. The analysis is based on detailed data on final consumption and prices at both shipper and consumer levels for two types of tomatoes in France. The structural model is composed of a system of demand equations, supply equations and pricing equations which include terms which capture the oligopoly and oligopsony power of the retail sector. We show that i) elasticity of demand varies during the year ii) the retail sector exercise only a ‘moderate’ market power iii) the exercise of market power decreases over time iv) If markets were competitive, in the case of tomato ‘ronde’ retail price would decrease by about 1.2% to 4.5% depending on the year; v) In absence of market power, shipping price might be 6% to 24% higher than observed. We find higher distortions in the case of tomato ‘grappe’. We also find that the distortions tend to decrease over time. We conclude to a moderate exercise of market power of the retail sector in the French tomato market.Oligopoly, Oligopsony, Fresh products, Industrial Organization,
Plasma NMR metabolomic of rainbow trout fed diets with different levels of marine and plant ingredients.
No full text<p>The NMR and biochemical datasets used in the manuscript draft entiteld "Intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout, <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, fed diets with different levels of marine and plant ingredients: A correlative approach with some plasma metabolites."</p>
<p>François-Joël Gatesoupe1*, Benoît Fauconneau1, Catherine Deborde2,3**, Blandine Madji Hounoum1,2, Daniel Jacob2,3,Annick Moing2,3, Geneviève Corraze1, Françoise Médale1. 1 UMR 1419 NuMeA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France 2 Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, CGFB, MetaboHUB, Centre INRA Nouvelle -Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France 3 UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRA Nouvelle -Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France<br>
*Corresponding author [email protected]</p>
<p>**NMR dataset Corresponding author [email protected]</p>
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Decoupling and prices: determinant of dairy farmers’ choices? A model to analyse impacts of the 2003 CAP reform
No full textThe reform of European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2003 has resulted in substantial changes to the attribution of subsidies to dairy farmers. Moreover, dairy farmers are in also facing an unprecedented situation on the markets with the soaring prices of agricultural raw materials: they sell their products at a higher price (milk, meat and cereals), but must also cope with the increasing prices of concentrates. In this paper1, we discuss cross effects, on the productive strategy of French dairy farms, of the Luxemburg Agreement and the prices variations. A model based on mathematical programming has been privileged to determine how dairy farmers might re-evaluate their systems to identify optimal production plan. While respecting the principle of agent rationality (maximization of profit), the model incorporates the economic risk related to the volatility of the inputs and outputs prices. Thus the model maximises the expected utility of the income while taking into account a set of constraints: regulatory, structural, zootechnical, agronomic and environmental. The model is applied to four types of dairy farms to cope with the diversity of production systems in the west of France (“grazier” type, “semi intensive” type, “milk + cereals” type and “milk + young bulls” type). The model is used to produce quantitative estimations and support reflection through the simulation of the setting up of the Single payment scheme. The sensitivity of the results is discussed by taking into account several options of prices for cereals and livestock products. These may have a strong influence on the structure of the diet and, therefore, on the level of intensification of the forage area. The results show that the implementation of the CAP reform encourages farmers to substitute a part of corn silage by grass in the diet. However, the rising price of agricultural production encourages, on the contrary, farmers to intensify their system in order to free up land for growing cereals. We also observe that a decrease of the young bulls fattening activity to develop cereal crops is also economically profitable.dairy farm, single payment, price variation, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,
Flexibility in the implementation of intellectual property rights in agricultural biotechnology
No full textDiffusion du document : INRA Université Pierre Mendès France, Laboratoire GAEL, BP 47, 38040 Grenoble Cedex 9 (FRA) 2007-13In this paper the author discusses the fact that economists define optimal IP rights as a continuum of options in three dimensions: height, breadth and length. At the operational level he sees the impossibility of multiplying rights indefinitely (due to prohibitive transaction costs), as well as the use of a limited number of IP tools which have led to the implementation of flexibilities. These flexibilities are designed to limit certain perverse effects of rights ill-adjusted to the characteristics of some economic sectors (agricultural biotechnologies, pharmacy, etc.). In this context, the author analyses how these flexibilities are implemented in TRIPS and TRIPS agreements and he studies the consequences for Developing Countries
Lagging rural areas: detection, diagnosis and planning development
No full textThe overall objective of the present paper is to identify and analyse the territorial factors that influence the economy and demography of rural areas in Catalonia. The paper begins with a definition of the different rural typologies, and then proposes an innovative methodology combining tools from different disciplines, such as economics, statistics, geography and sociology. The methodology is applied to the 946 municipalities existing in Catalonia today, which visually results in a map of the region. The map obtained allows us to identify rural spaces throughout the territory – including metropolitan and peri-urban rural areas. The next step has been the analysis of the indicators of their socio-economic development contexts in order to identify their similarities and differences in terms of socioeconomic and territorial characteristics. As a result of applying this methodology, we can deepen our understanding of the factors behind lagging agricultural activity in rural spaces, as well as make progress in the identification of sustainable policies aimed at preventing the environmental, sociological and cultural losses linked to the abandonment of rural activities.Rural space, rural development, lagging rural economy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,
Characteristics of qualitative and quantitative properties of chicken village in the Sub-District Lasusua, North Kolaka District
No full textThe purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of the qualitative and quantitative properties of village chicken in the Lasusua sub-district of North Kolaka district. The research was conducted in December 2018 to January 2019 in Lasusua sub-district of North Kolaka district. The variables observed in this study are qualitative and quantitative properties. The results are shown that both males and females of village chicken are dominated by colored fur colors, Columbian fur patterns, lauric fur patterns, and golden fur flicker. Color White/Yellow shank and a single shape Ginger. The average body weight of chickens 1,681.92 grams and females 1,305.45 grams. Long Shank Rooster 9.97 cm while females 8.34 cm. Tibia length 9.70 cm in males, 9.37 cm in females. The femur length is 13.07 cm in males and 11.87 cm in females. The length of the wingspan is 14.44 cm and females 12.49 cm. Male circumference 30.50 cm and female 29.59 cm. Male back length 14.17 cm and females 12.23 cm. Duration of the lung in males 1.96 cm and 1.94 cm in females
Life cycle assessment of biosolids land application and evaluation of the factors impacting human toxicity through plants uptake
No full textDue to the increasing environmental concerns in the wastewater treatment sector, the environmental impacts of organic waste disposal procedures require careful evaluation. However, the impacts related to the return of organic matter to agricultural soils are difficult to assess. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of land application of two types of biosolids (dried and composted, respectively) from the same wastewater treatment plant in France, and to improve the quantification of human toxicity.
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was carried out on a case study based on validated data from an actual wastewater treatment plant. Numerous impacts were included in this analysis, but a particular emphasis was laid on human toxicity via plant ingestion. For six out of the height impact categories included in the analysis, the dried biosolids system was more harmful to the environment than the composting route, especially regarding the consumption of primary energy. Only human toxicity via water, soil and air compartments and ozone depletion impacts were higher with the composted biosolids
Gestion des déjections de bovins et pollution par les nitrates: Diversité des pratiques dans les élevages laitiers du plateau lorrain
No full textNational audienceThe author monitored the management practices of cattle excreta on some 20 farms selected for their diversity on the Plateau Lorrain in eastern France. A relation was found between the type of cattle housing, the type of basic ration of the herd during indoor wintering, and dung spreading practices. On the basis of current knowledge on nitrogen cycling he is able to predict the consequences of these practrices on the mineralisation rate of dung spread on the fields, on the risks of leaching of the nitrates produced and on the possibilities of their utilisation and uptaked by the sward.L'auteur a observé les pratiques de gestion des déjections de gros bovins dans une vingtaine d'exploitations du Plateau Lorrain choisis pour leur diversité. Il en déduit une relation entre le type de bâtiment d'élevage, le type de ration de base du troupeau pendant la période de stabulation en hiver et les pratiques d'épandages des déjections. Il se réfère aux connaissances actuelles sur le cycle de l'azote pour prévoir les conséquences de ces pratiques sur la cinétique de la minéralisation des déjections épandues, sur les risques de lessivage des nitrates produits et sur les possibilités de leur valorisation par les couverts végétaux
Publier la science, a novel newsletter on scientific publication
No full textBecause are many fast changes in scientific publishing, scientists have no time to adapt without help. Therefore we set up in 2013 an original newsletter entitled Publier la Science gathering breaking news and advices on publication, communication and edition. We defined topics of interest by survey of 220 scientists of the Environnement and Agronomy Division, INRA, France. Results show that major topics are writing, impact factors, open access, peer review, author rights, misconduct, publication models, meetings. We use those topics to find and select news with the Digimind software. The newsletter is then edited and published in Open Access at https://listes.inra.fr/sympa/d_read/veillecaps/
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