15 research outputs found
Peran Kegiatan Kepanduan Hizbul Wathan Dalam Membentuk Karakter Pemimpin Islami Di Hizbulwathan Kafilah Penuntun Moh.djazman Ums
No full textHigher education is a place for the formation of future leaders, not only a place to develop knowledge, but also to form personality, independence, social skills and character. Educational practice only pays attention to cognitive aspects and ignores affective and psychomotor coaching aspects, resulting in tension between experience and knowledge. Hizbul Wathan is a forum for forming and fostering the
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character of an Islamic leader. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of hizbul wathon activities in shaping the character of Islamic leaders and to find out the inhibiting and supporting factors. This type of research uses field research with a phenomenological approach. Data collection procedures used using observation, interviews, and documentation. While data analysis uses qualitative analysis with an interactive model including: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, to test the validity of the data using source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the process of forming Islamic character through Hizbul Wathan activities has been going well and using its own strategy. There are three stages carried out in shaping the character of Islamic leaders, namely the stage with the approach to the values of monotheism, moral values, and leadership. The method used is by exemplary, habituation, advice and supervision
PENGEMBANGAN PERMAINAN WHO WANTS TO BE A GREAT CHEMIST? SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA UNTUK SISWA KELAS X
No full textPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan di bidang pendidikan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist? sebagai media pembelajaran kimia untuk siswa kelas X dan mengetahui kualitas software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist? setelah dilakukan penilaian oleh 5 guru kimia SMA.
Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model prosedural. Memiliki empat tahapan dalam pengembangan yakni tahap penyusunan soal, pemvalidasian soal, pembuatan software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist? dengan program komputer Adobe Flash CS 3 dan penilaian terhadap produk. Produk awal software ditinjau dan diberi masukan oleh 3 peer reviewer, 3 ahli media dan materi. Kualitas software dinilai oleh 5 guru kimia SMA selaku reviewer dengan mengisi angket penilaian yang mencakup 4 aspek penilaian yaitu 1) aspek pembelajaran dengan 5 indikator; 2) aspek isi dengan 7 indikator; 3) aspek tampilan dengan 11 indikator; 4) aspek pemrograman dengan 3 indikator. Hasil penilaian berupa data kualitatif yang diubah menjadi kuantitatif dengan skala lima, kemudian ditabulasi dan dianalisis dengan pedoman kriteria kategori penilaian ideal untuk menentukan kualitas software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist?.
Produk penelitian ini berupa software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist?. Berdasarkan penilaian 5 guru kimia SMA, software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist? yang disusun memperoleh nilai rata-rata 108,60 dari nilai maksimal 130 sehingga memiliki kualitas baik (B) dan memiliki presentase keidealan 83,54%. Software permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist? layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar.
Kata kunci: software, permainan Who Wants To Be A Great Chemist?, media pembelajaran, kelas X
New methods for isolation, characterisation and modification of natural colorants
No full textAronia skin waste contains anthocyanins in high concentrations and has a simpler anthocyanin profile than other anthocyanin-containing berries. Their instability towards pH, heat, hydrolysis etc., limits their application as natural colorants and antioxidants. Anthocyanins were extracted in a simple batch process and a new extraction method, which integrates both extraction and separation in a single process. The new method showed better anthocyanin yield and purity compared to the batch method. Anthocyanins from Aronia skin waste were identified as Cy3gal, Cy3glc, Cy3ara, Cy3xyl alongside its aglycone, contributing up to 44.7% w/w of RASE (Refined Aronia Skin Waste Extract). Neutral polyphenols such as DHBA (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), nCA (neochlorogenic acid), CA (chlorogenic acid), and Q (quercetin) contributed up to 14.2 % w/w of RASE. Polymeric proanthocyanidins contributed up to 39.4% w/w of RASE. Inorganic salts and other harder to observe compounds contributed up to 1.7% w/w of RASE. Anthocyanin salts with carboxylate anions were prepared by applying various milder organic acids during the extraction-purification process. RASE with carboxylate anions were relatively more stable than RASE-chloride. Preserving anthocyanins at milder pH with a more hydrophobic counterion is suggested, especially if used for a longer period (months). The characterisation of flavylium-hemiketal forms mixture for Cy3gal, Cy3glc, Cy3ara and Cy3xyl was obtained by dissolving these anthocyanins in methanol-d4 and analysed by NMR spectroscopy. Hemiketal forms of Cy3gal have been characterised as a single compound through slow evaporation, while nucleophilic addition occurred at the carbon position 2 of anthocyanin by hydration. Overall, a proper structural modification of anthocyanins could increase the physio-chemical properties of anthocyanins with fair antioxidant activity. Mono- and diacylated anthocyanins could maintain the original colour of their precursor. Due to their lipophilic property, acylated derivatives of anthocyanins from Aronia skin waste have a higher potential to be incorporated in lipid-based foods, textiles, cosmetic formulations, and pharmaceutical products than its precursor
pH-Sensitive Strips Based on Cellulose and Anthocyanins from Dried Java Plum Fruits (Syzygium cumini)
No full textThis study aimed to develop pH-sensitive strips made of cellulose incorporated with anthocyanins extracted from dried Java plum fruits (Syzygium cumini) which potentially can be used to monitor food freshness. The spoilage of animal protein typically produces total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), which can be easily detected using pH-sensitive indicators. pH-sensitive indicators can be developed by combining biopolymers and anthocyanins. Biopolymers were cellulose from Whatman filter paper. While anthocyanins in this study were extracted from dried Java plum fruits (Syzygium cumini) with acidified water (0.01% v/v HCl) followed by SPE. Anthocyanins were incorporated into Whatman filter paper and dried at 70 °C for 10 min. Cellulose incorporated with anthocyanins was analysed using FT-IR and tested for pH 7-10. LC-MS spectra showed cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (m/z 449.3), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (m/z 465.3), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (m/z 479.3). These anthocyanins were the products of the deglycosylation of anthocyanin diglycosides. The deglycosylation of anthocyanins takes place through two different routes in either hemiketal or quinonoid forms. Those proposed two pathways are through protonation on an oxygen atom connecting an aglycone and a sugar moiety or through protonation on an oxygen atom within a sugar ring moiety. UV-Vis studies showed the colour profiles of anthocyanins in buffer solutions pH 1-12. The λvis-max of flavylium at pH < 3 ranged from 515-524 nm. At pH 4 to 6, colourless hemiketal was observed. The λvis-max of the quinonoid base was 575 nm at pH 7 and 590-599 nm for quinonoid anion at pH > 8. In alkaline pH, chalcone was observed
DISTRIBUTION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SOILS IRRIGATED WITH TREATED WASTEWATER IN BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY
No full textThis study was performed in order to investigate the distribution of persistent organic
pollutants in soils, which were irrigated with treated wastewater from Braunschweig,
Germany since more than 50 years. A reference soil from conifer forest where wastewater
has never been applied was also analysed as a comparison. The irrigated soil was from
two different areas: (1) from an agricultural soil South of the village Volkse, and (2) from
irrigation fields of WWTP. In order to get information about the vertical distribution of the
pollutants and their contamination levels, 10 cm horizons of soil cores of 100 cm from
reference soil, sprinkling irrigated agricultural soil of Volkse South, and soils from irrigation
fields of the WWTP (S34, S36a, 61, and 71), which were sieved < 2 mm and air dried,
were Soxhlet extracted, cleaned up with column chromatography and finally analysed for
16 US EPA of PAHs and 7 ICES of PCBs by GC/MS (SIM). Furthermore, the samples
were characterised by pH, dry mass (at 105 °C), grain size distribution (by sieving and
with Atterberg cylinder), and TOC content. The samples were characterised as sandy
soils and partly loamy sand soils. The pH of soil samples ranged from 3.2 to 6.8. The total
organic carbon (TOC) contents in soil samples ranged from < LOQ to 36.1%. The
concentration of the � 16 PAHs and the � 7 PCBs in all horizons of the reference soil
ranged from 12.7 to 1,375 and from 1.10 to 25.7 µg/kg dw, respectively. In case of
agricultural soil, the concentration of the � 16 PAHs and the � 7 PCBs ranged from 14.3
to 456 and from 1.00 to 18.5 µg/kg dw. Furthermore, the concentration of the � 16 PAHs
and the � 7 PCBs ranged from 12.0 to 4,700 and from 1.00 to 208 µg/kg dw in soil from
irrigation fields of WWTP. In general, the mean PAH and PCB concentrations of the whole
soil cores (0-100 cm) increased in the order reference soil < agricultural soil < soils from
the irrigation fields of WWTP. Concentration of the � 16 PAHs and the � 7 PCBs had the
tendency to decrease with the depth. There is no clear evidence that the PAH and PCB
concentrations in the agricultural soil are influenced by the long-term and continuous
application of treated wastewater. However, in case of the irrigation fields of WWTP, the
obviously higher concentrations in the soils seem to be related to the irrigation practice
Pelatihan Pembuatan Arang Aktif dari Sekam Padi untuk Penjernihan Minyak jelantah sebagai Bekal Wirausaha Masyarakat
No full textMost of the area in Jabung Village, Pelupuh, Sragen is paddy fields, with most of the population\u27s livelihood being farm workers and convection business. However, during the Pandemic, the convection business was sluggish and slumped. This makes the people of Jabung village need other alternative businesses to increase their income. The amount of agricultural land in Jabung village, which produces rice husk waste, can be an alternative for new businesses for the community. Based on the research results of the Research Group (RG) at the Chemistry Education Study Program, UNS, rice husks can be made as activated charcoal, which is used to purify used cooking oil. The purified cooking oil can be used to make biodiesel, soap and aromatherapy candles. Therefore, the community service team of the Chemistry Education Study Program has provided training on the manufacture of activated charcoal from rice husks and its use for purifying used cooking oil as a provision for business in Jabung Village. Attended by 60 participants, this training focused on three main activities; educating the community about the process of absorption by activated charcoal, purifying used cooking oil using activated charcoal from rice husks, and marketing processed products from used cooking oil and activated charcoal. The results of the evaluation of this training, as many as 36.73% of participants strongly agree, and 53.06% agree that the community gets direct benefits from training activities on making activated charcoal from rice husks and its use for cleaning used cooking oil
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Plumeria alba L., Polianthes tuberosa L., and Cananga ordorata L. Flowers Essential Oils as Bioadditives in Transparent Solid Bath Soap
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the chemical components and antibacterial activity of essential oils from kamboja (Plumeria alba L.), sedap malam (Polianthes tuberosa L.), and kenanga (Cananga ordorata L.) flowers against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923. Additionally, the study explored the application of these essential oils as bio additives in transparent solid bath soap. The research consisted of several stages: isolation and identification of chemical components of essential oils using the GC-MS Method, transparent solid bath soap formulation, antibacterial activity test of essential oils and transparent solid bath soaps against Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923, organoleptic test (color, aroma, transparency, solidity, and foam) and quality test of transparent solid bath soaps (pH, water content, foam stability, saponification number, and transparency). The essential oils extracted from kamboja, sedap malam, and kenanga flowers were found to contain 17, 20, and 20 compounds, respectively. Based on the result of GC-MS analysis showed that the predominant chemical components in each essential oil were 1,1’-oxydi-2-propanol (21.01%) for kamboja, benzyl ethanoate (24.52%) for sedap malam, and caryophyllene (43.77%) for kenanga. Transparent solid bath soaps with the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATTC 25923 were obtained in the formula added with kamboja, sedap malam and kenanga flowers essential oils at 3.0%, 3.0%, and 3.0%, respectively, with respective inhibitory power of 14.48 mm (strong), 13.73 mm (strong) and 13.56 mm (strong) in diameter. Organoleptic tests revealed that each soap type exhibited characteristic of the respective flower. All soap types demonstrated good quality based on parameters such as pH, water content, foam stability, saponification number and transparency.
Keywords: Cananga ordorata L., essential oil, Plumeria alba L., Polianthes tuberosa L., transparent solid bath soa
Green Synthesis and Characterization of 4'-Hydroxy-4-Nitro Chalcone using Grinding Techniques
No full textThe challenge of developing environmentally friendly synthesis methods for biologically active compounds remains a significant focus in green chemistry. This study aimed to synthesize 4'-hydroxy-4-nitro chalcone from 4-hydroxyacetophenone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde using a grinding technique and then characterize the synthesized compounds. The 4'-hydroxy-4-nitro chalcone was synthesized via the Claisen-Schmidt grinding method for 45 minutes at room temperature. The grinding results were extracted with chloroform. The formed crystals were tested for purity by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and further purification was carried out by recrystallization. The synthesized chalcone was characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The chalcone was also tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that 4'-hydroxy-4-nitro chalcone could be successfully synthesized from 4-hydroxyacetophenone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde using the grinding technique, yielding orangish-white crystals with a 70.63% yield and a melting point of 173°C. Purity was confirmed by TLC, and structural characterization was achieved through FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial testing revealed that the synthesized chalcone produced a clear zone diameter of 9.27 mm against S. aureus and 27.88 mm against E. coli. These results indicate that the compound has relatively strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and relatively weak activity against S. aureus. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the green synthesis method and provides valuable insights into the antibacterial properties of 4'-hydroxy-4-nitro chalcon
Subject-specific pedagogy development training for Chemistry teachers in collaboration with ASEAN STEAM GROUP
No full textMany secondary school teachers are interested in implementing STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) learning but still need assistance to plan their lessons through the development of SSP (Subject-Specific Pedagogy). STEAM is a learning approach aimed at helping students apply the primary content, practice it in everyday life, and have the skills required in the 21st century. Hence, the Chemistry Education Study Program Society Service Team of UNS, in collaboration with ASEAN STEAM researchers, aimed to improve the abilities of secondary school teachers in developing SSP for STEAM-based learning through this training. This training method was carried out hybrid. The activity began with a STEAM presentation and a workshop the next day. A pretest and post-test were given before and after training. A supervision of making SSP was carried out the following day for two weeks. The participants who worked on five SSP pretest and post-test questions showed a significant result increase in the average score of 0.6—based on a questionnaire filled out by 27 participants, 48.1% and 44.4%, respectively, stated that they had gained complete and very completely new knowledge and skills regarding the implementation of STEAM. As an evaluation, participants also provided suggestions for increasing training and mentoring time when training participants apply the training results at school
Xanthone as Antimalarial: QSAR Analysis, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In-vitro Antimalarial Evaluation
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