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Taxonomic notes on Exetastes fukuchiyamanus Uchida, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), with description of a new species from Japan and China
No full textWatanabe, Kyohei, Sheng, Mao-Ling (2018): Taxonomic notes on Exetastes fukuchiyamanus Uchida, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), with description of a new species from Japan and China. Zootaxa 4399 (2): 281-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.1
FIGURES 1–3 in First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species
No full textFIGURES 1–3. Neostroblia melana Sheng & Watanabe, sp. nov. Holotype. Female 1 Habitus, lateral view 2 Head, anterior view 3 Head, dorsal view.Published as part of Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei & Huang, Rui-Fen, 2022, First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species, pp. 274-280 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/635245
Exetastes compressus Watanabe & Sheng 2018, sp. nov.
No full textExetastes compressus sp. nov. (Figs 1–13) Exetastes fukuchiyamanus: Sheng & Sun, 2014: 52, 437 (in part). Holotype: CHINA: ♀, Xinbin, Laoning, 22. X. 2009, IT. (GSFPM). Paratypes: JAPAN: 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Kami Town, Niimi, Mikata-kogen, 12. X. 2012, S. Fujie leg. (KPMNH). CHINA: 1 ♀, Kuandian, Liaoning, 20. IX. 2006, M. - L. Sheng leg. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Kuandian, Liaoning, 29. IX. 2006, C. Gao leg. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Kuandian, Liaoning, 5. X. 2006, C. Gao leg. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Kuandian, Laoning, 11. VIII. 2011, IT. (GSFPM); 1♀ & 13 ♂, baishilazi, Kuandian, Laoning, 11. IX. 2011, IT. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Kuandian, Laoning, 15. IX. 2011, IT. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, baishilazi, Kuandian, Laoning, 6. X. 2011, IT. (GSFPM); 6 ♀ & 32 ♂, Kuandian, Laoning, 3. IX. 2015, M.- L. Sheng leg. (GSFPM); 7 ♀ & 4 ♂, Kuandian, Laoning, 4. X. 2015, IT. (GSFPM); 4 ♀, Kuandian, Laoning, 13 X 2015, IT. (GSFPM); 1 ♂, Xinbin, Liaoning, 26 VIII 2009, IT (GSFPM); 1 ♀ & 1 ♂, Xinbin, Laoning, 10. IX. 2009, IT. (GSFPM); 2 ♀ 2 M, Xinbin, Laoning, 24. IX. 2009, IT. (GSFPM); 2 ♂, Xinbin, Laoning, 8. X. 2009, IT. (GSFPM); 2 ♀, Xinbin, Laoning, 21. VI. 2017, IT. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Shennongjia, Hubei, 10. X. 2011, Y. - Q. Li leg. (GSFPM); 1 ♀, Mentougou, Beijing, 24. IX. 2014, IT (GSFPM). Description. Female (n=33). Body length 10.0– 12.5 mm. Head 0.5–0.6 × as long as wide, covered with dense punctures and silver setae (Figs 1–3). Clypeus 0.5–0.6 × as long as wide, slightly convex in lateral view (Fig. 4). Face 0.5–0.6 × as long as wide, convex medially (Figs 3, 4). Length of malar space 0.47–0.5 × as long as basal mandibular width Mandible not strongly twisted (Fig. 3). OOL 0.8–0.9 × as long as POL. Antenna with 49–55 (HT: 53) flagellomeres. Fl1 1.6–1.8 × as long as Fl2. Apical flagellomeres except for distal segment widened, length less than width (or the same) (Fig. 2). Mesosoma covered with dense punctures and silver setae (Fig. 6). Epomia absent (Fig. 6). Pleural carina of propodeum strong posteriorly, weak anteriorly. Propodeum covered with irregular rugae, with a pair of indistinct longitudinal ridge medially, without a pair of sublateral convexities (Fig. 7). Fore wing length 8.5–10.0 mm. Vein 1 m-cu with a ramulus (Fig. 1). Areolet large, receiving vein 2 m-cu at middle (Fig. 1). Vein Rs strongly sinuated basally (Fig. 1). Hind femur 6.2–6.25 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Longest spur of hind tibia shorter than half length of first tarsomere. Hind first tarsomere 2.0–2.1 × as long as second tarsomere. Tarsal claws pectinate (Fig. 9). Metasoma strongly polished, covered with fine and sparse punctures (Fig. 10). T1 2.3–2.4 × as long as maximum width, covered with minute and transverse striae basally. T2 0.9–1.2 × as long as maximum width. Punctures on T2 and T3 relatively dense on basal 0.3 (Fig. 10). T4-T7 strongly compressed (Fig. 10). Ovipositor sheath 0.3-0.4 × as long as hind tibia, weakly widened apically, covered with brown setae. Colouration (Figs 1–10). Body (excluding wings and legs) black, except for: clypeus reddish-brown ventrally; mandibular teeth tinged with reddish-brown; antenna with a median white band; collar, posterodorsal corner of pronotum, and subalar prominence whitish-yellow; scutellum with a yellow spot; metasomal sternites blackishbrown; ovipositor reddish-brown. Wings hyaline. Veins and pterostigma blackish-brown except for yellowishbrown wing base. Legs black to blackish-brown except for: apical part of fore femur, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi more or less tinged with yellowish-brown; hind second to fourth tarsomeres whitish-yellow to white. Male (n=55). Similar to female. Body length 8.9–9.5 mm. Fore wing length 7.5–7.8 mm. Antenna with 49–55 flagellomeres. Lower-lateral portion of face, median portion of mandible, anterior and posterior sides of fore coxa, apical portion of mid coxa, ventral-apical portions of fore and mid femora, fore and mid tibiae and first to fourth tarsomeres, posterolateral portions of propodeum white (Figs 11–13). Distribution. Japan (Honshu) and China (Beijing, Hubei, and Liaoning). Bionomics. The host is unknown. All of adult wasps collected in autumn. Etymology. The specific name is from the strongly compressed metasomal tergites. Remarks. We recognized only a single female from Japan and thus this species may be rare in Japan. This species is similar to E. fukuchiyamanus, but clearly separated by the following character states: hind first tarsomere 2.1 × as long as second tarsomere (2.4–2.7 × in E. fukuchiyamanus); T2-T7 largely smooth dorsally (Fig. 10) (covered with dull-surface in E. fukuchiyamanus: Fig. 16); apical segments of female flagellum with length less than width (or the same) (Fig. 2) (length equal to or greater than width in E. fukuchiyamanus); dorsomedian area of collar nearly entirely white (Figs 5, 6, 11, 13) (at most with a pair of small yellowish-white spots in E. fukuchiyamanus: Figs 17, 17).Published as part of Watanabe, Kyohei & Sheng, Mao-Ling, 2018, Taxonomic notes on Exetastes fukuchiyamanus Uchida, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), with description of a new species from Japan and China, pp. 281-288 in Zootaxa 4399 (2) on pages 282-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/120655
Combined treatment with MAO-A inhibitor and MAO-B inhibitor increases extracellular noradrenaline levels more than MAO-A inhibitor alone through increases in β-phenylethylamine
No full textMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors) have been widely used as antidepressants. However, it remains unclear whether a difference exists between non-selective MAO inhibitors and selective MAO-A inhibitors in terms of their antidepressant effects. Using in vivo microdialysis methods, we measured extracellular noradrenaline and serotonin levels following administration of Ro 41-1049, a reversible MAO-A inhibitor and/or lazabemide, a reversible MAO-B inhibitor in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats. We examined the effect of local infusion of β-phenylethylamine to the mPFC of rats on extracellular noradrenaline and serotonin levels. Furthermore, the concentrations of β-phenylethylamine in the tissue of the mPFC after combined treatment with Ro 41-1049 and lazabemide were measured. The Ro 41-1049 alone and the combined treatment significantly increased extracellular noradrenaline levels compared with vehicle and lazabemide alone. Furthermore, the combined treatment increased noradrenaline levels significantly more than Ro 41-1049 alone did. The Ro 41-1049 alone and the combined treatment significantly increased extracellular serotonin levels compared with vehicle and lazabemide alone, but no difference in serotonin levels was found between the combined treatment group and the Ro 41-1049 group. Local infusion of low-dose β-phenylethylamine increased extracellular noradrenaline levels, but not that of serotonin. Only the combined treatment significantly increased β-phenylethylamine levels in tissues of the mPFC. Our results suggest that the combined treatment with a MAO-A inhibitor and a MAO-B inhibitor strengthens antidepressant effects because the combined treatment increases extracellular noradrenaline levels more than a MAO-A inhibitor alone through increases in β-phenylethylamine
Neostroblia melana Sheng & Watanabe 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Neostroblia melana</i> Sheng & Watanabe, sp. nov. <p>Figs 1–12</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <b> <i>Holotype</i>:</b> CHINA • ♀; Guizhou Province, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan National Natural Reserve, Yapanlin; 1250m; 21 July 2019; interception trap; GSFGPM. <b> <i>Paratypes</i>:</b> CHINA • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; Guizhou Province, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Yapanlin; 1250m; 21 July to 17 October 2019; interception trap; GSFGPM.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Face (Fig. 2) approximately 1.7 × as wide as long. Malar space about 0.8 × as long as basal width of mandible. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 0.9 × as long as 2rs-m. Propodeum (Fig. 8) evenly convex, rough; lateromedian carina indistinct; apical portion of lateral longitudinal carina and pleural carina present. First tergite (Figs 9, 10) approximately 2.1 × as long as posterior width. Body (Fig. 1) almost entirely black.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Female. Body (Fig. 1) length 14.6–15.1 mm. Fore wing length 9.6–10.8 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 0.6–0.7 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Inner orbits almost parallel, slightly concave near antennal sockets. Face (Fig. 2) approximately 1.7 × as wide as long, with dense indistinct punctures, slightly convex medially; upper margin indistinct. Clypeus shiny, approximately 2.2 × as wide as long; subbase transversely convex, with sparse fine indistinct punctures; apical margin evenly convex forward, slightly concave medially. Basal portion of mandible with dense punctures and yellowish brown setae; teeth smooth, upper tooth distinctly longer than lower tooth. Malar space shagreened, with dense brown setae, about 0.8 × as long as basal width of mandible. Gena finely shagreened, evenly convergent backward, with dense dark brown setae and almost even punctures, distance between punctures 0.5–2.0 × diameter of puncture. Vertex (Fig. 3) with texture as that of gena; posterior median portion slightly concave. Postocellar line approximately 0.8 × as long as ocular-ocellar line. Frons slightly evenly concave, indistinctly roughly reticulate. Antenna with 51–52 flagellomeres; ratio of length from first to fifth flagellomeres approximately: 3.0:1.2:1.2:1.1:1.0. Occipital carina complete, upper median portion slightly raised, lower end joining hypostomal carina distinctly above base of mandible.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>. Pronotum (Fig. 4) mostly rough, indistinctly punctate; anterior margin with dense fine punctures and yellowish brown setae; upper median portion of lateral concavity with indistinct short transverse wrinkles. Mesoscutum (Fig. 5) with distinct punctures, distance between punctures 0.2–2.5 × diameter of puncture; denser on median portion, distance between punctures 0.2–0.5 × diameter of puncture. Notauli weak, almost parallel. Scutoscutellar groove almost smooth, shiny. Scutellum slightly convex, with distinct punctures, distance between punctures 0.2–1.0 × diameter of puncture. Postscutellum with indistinct shallow punctures, anterior margin transversely concave. Mesopleuron (Fig. 4) almost flat, with surface as pronotum; upper anterior portion beneath subtegular ridge with short longitudinal wrinkles; subanterior median portion with distinct punctures; speculum smooth, partly with sparse punctures. Upper end of epicnemial carina approximately reaching 0.4 distance to subtegular ridge. Metapleuron with texture as mesopleuron; lower posterior portion with short indistinct wrinkles; submetapleural carina complete, anterior portion strong. Claw simple. Ratio of length of hind tarsomeres (Fig. 6) from first to fifth approximately: 5.9:2.5:1.8:1.0:1.8. Wings (Fig. 7) slightly brown, hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a distal to M&RS by approximately 0.7 × length of 1cu-a. Distance between 2rs-m and 2m-cu 0.9 × as long as 2rs-m. Postnervulus intercepted slightly below middle. Hind wing vein 1-cu about as long as cu-a. Propodeum (Fig. 8) evenly convex, rough, lateral portion with dense gray setae; lateromedian carina absent; apical portion of lateral longitudinal carina and pleural carina present; anterolateral portion distinctly punctate; apical median portion with irregular transverse wrinkles. Propodeal spiracle short oblique elliptical.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>. First tergite (Figs 9, 10) approximately 2.1 × as long as posterior width, strongly and evenly narrowed to base; latero-median and dorso-lateral carinae absent; shagreened, with fine indistinct punctures, base smooth, shiny; spiracle small, circular, convex, located approximately at middle of first tergite. Second and third tergites distinctly shagreened, with dense short gray brown setae. Second tergite (Fig. 11) approximately 0.8 × as long as posterior width. Third and subsequent tergites almost shiny. Ovipositor sheath (Fig. 12) approximately 3.6 × as long as its width, lateral sides almost parallel. Ovipositor (Fig. 12) compressed, with subapical dorsal notch.</p> <p> <b>Coloration</b> (Fig. 1). Black, except for following: flagellomeres (9)10 to 12(13), dorsal profile of fore tibia, basal half of middle tibia, ventral profiles of middle tarsomeres 3–4, basal 0.3–0.5 of hind tibia, ventral profiles of hind tarsomeres 3–4 yellowish white. Clypeus irregularly and median portion of mandible, darkish red-brown. Anterior profile and apical portion of fore femur yellowish to reddish brown, ventral profile of tibia yellow brown, tarsus dark brown. Tegula black, anterior portion white. Pterostigma and wing veins brown to blackish brown. Apical portion of ovipositor sheath yellowish white.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Body length 11.5–12.1 mm. Fore wing length 9.0– 9.7 mm.</p> <p>Antenna with 47–48 flagellomeres. Black, except for following: face, clypeus except apical margin darkish brown, mandible except tooth, flagellomeres (9)10 to 13(14), upper-posterior corner of pronotum, tegula yellowish white. Anterior profile of fore femur yellowish to reddish brown; tarsomeres 1–2, 4 mainly darkish brown. Apical half of middle tibia, base of middle tarsomere 1, middle and hind tarsomeres (2) 3–4 mostly, basal portion of hind tibia yellow white. Pterostigma and wing veins darkish brown. Remainder of characteristic similar to female.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is derived from body being entirely black.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> The new species can be easily distinguished from other species of <i>Neostroblia</i> by the following combination of characters: lateromedian carinae of propodeum indistinct; first tergite (Figs 9, 10) 2.1 × as long as posterior width; body almost entirely black; coxae, trochanters and femora black; tibiae black, basal portions white widely.</p>Published as part of <i>Sheng, Mao-Ling, Watanabe, Kyohei & Huang, Rui-Fen, 2022, First Oriental record of genus Neostroblia Heinrich (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of one new species, pp. 274-280 in Zootaxa 5115 (2)</i> on pages 275-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6352454">http://zenodo.org/record/6352454</a>
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