1,720,972 research outputs found
A new enantiornithine bird from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert
No full textWe report on a new species of enantiornithine bird from the Late Cretaceous of the Mongolian Gobi Desert, which adds to the meager record of birds from the latest part of the Mesozoic in this region. The exceptional, three-dimensional bones of the new fossil increase the known anatomical diversity of enantiornithine birds, providing information about previously unreported morphologies such as a pneumatised furcula. Several synapomorphies nest the new bird within an enantiornithine clade of proficient fliers, but the anatomy and proportions of its flight apparatus imply significant aerodynamic restrictions. The combination of phylogeny and our functional interpretation suggests that this new fossil bird is a representative of a flightless lineage. This discovery thus provides the first evidence of a trend towards more limited flying capabilities among Enantiornithes, a group of Cretaceous birds otherwise believed to be represented by competent flier
FIG. 7 in Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)
No full textFIG. 7. — Gazella sp. (A-D, G, H) and Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer,1890 (E, F) from Ivand locality (NW Iran):A, B, HMNH-IV140 in frontal (A) and lateral (B) views; C, D, HMNH-IV138 in frontal (C) and lateral (D) views; E, F, HMNH-IV200 in lateral-posterior (E) and frontal (F) views; G, H, HMNH-IV139 in lateral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 20 mm; C, D, 15 mm; E, F, 25 mm.Published as part of Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael, 2011, Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran), pp. 709-728 in Geodiversitas 33 (4) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n4a7, http://zenodo.org/record/459712
FIG. 6. — A in Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)
No full textFIG. 6. — A, distal width (DW) plotted against maximum length (ML) of femur in Rhinocerotinae indet. from the Ivand locality and some other Rhinocerotidae Owen, 1845 from Eurasia (Akkaşdaşi data from Antoine & Saraç [2005]; Linxia data from Deng [2002]); B, ulna proximal width (PW) plotted against its width at process olecrani (POW) in Deinotherium giganteum Kaup, 1829 from Ivand locality and several other specimens from Europe (Unterzolling data from Huttunen & Göhlich 2002).Published as part of Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael, 2011, Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran), pp. 709-728 in Geodiversitas 33 (4) on page 723, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n4a7, http://zenodo.org/record/459712
Rhinocerotinae Owen 1845
No full textRhinocerotinae indet. (Fig. 5 S-U) LOCALITY. — Quarry 3, Ivand district, north of Tabriz, Iran. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Femur (HMNH-IV 137; Fig.5 S- U; Table 2). DESCRIPTION An almost complete left femur is preserved (Fig. 5 S- U). In the proximal part, the femoral head (caput femoris) and trochanter major are missing. The A Hipparion sp. large Ivand H. giganteum Gromova, 1952 Grebeniki H. primigenium Meyer, 1833 Inzersdorf H. prostylum Gervais, 1849 Saloniki H. sp. Large Samos H. brachypus Hensel, 1862 Pikermi H. mediterraneum Roth & Wagner, 1855 Pikermi H. moldavicum Gromova, 1952 Tarakilia H. proboscideum Studer, 1911 Samos Hipparion sp. large Ivand H. moldavicum Gromova, 1952 H. gettyi Bernor, 1985 H. campbelli Bernor, 1985 H. prostylum Gervais, 1849 third trochanter is broken, but the basal part is preserved. The diaphysis becomes stockier distally from the third trochanter. The distal end is well preserved, and only the posterior and anterior sides are abraded. The medial and lateral trochleas are at the same level. The trochlear trough is damaged. The two condyles somehow diverge downward and the medial condyle is higher in elevation. The intercondyloid fossa is filled with sediment. COMPARISON Figure 6A shows the scatter plot of the femoral length against the distal width of well-preserved rhinocerotid femurs from several localities in Greece, Turkey, Iran, and China. The femur from Ivand locality, as illustrated, is clearly distinct from those of Chilotherium wimani Ringström, 1924 and C. persiae Pohlig, 1887 which are smaller, slenderer, and less massive (Deng 2002). The femur IV137 clusters among the material assigned to Ceratotherium neumayri (Osborn, 1900) and Stephanorhinus pikermiensis (Toula, 1906) from eastern Mediterranean localities such as Pikermi, Maragheh, and Akkaşdaği (Fortelius et al. 2003; Antoine & Saraç 2005). In general, the femur of these species is about 50 cm long and 15 cm wide distally. The total length of the Ivand femur, due to its missing proximal end, is unknown but it is estimated to be about 45 cm. Therefore, the rhinocerotid femur from Ivand locality can be assigned to Ceratotherium neumayri / Stephanorhinus pikermiensis primarily by size. Order PROBOSCIDEA Illiger, 1811Published as part of Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael, 2011, Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran), pp. 709-728 in Geodiversitas 33 (4) on pages 716-718, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n4a7, http://zenodo.org/record/459712
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
