103,106 research outputs found
Traces of Singing – The Continuity between Greek Jewish and Christian Psalms Manuscripts, Appendix
No full textAppendix to Tommy Wasserman and Andreas Märs, “Traces of Singing: The Continuity between Greek Jewish and Christian Psalms Manuscripts” in Song, Prayer, Scripture: Aspects of the Use of the Book of Psalms from the Hebrew Bible to the 21st Century, edited by David Davage and Lena-Sofia Tiemeyer. LHBOTS. T&T Clark/Bloomsbury, 2024
The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures
No full textThis paper examines the division of founder shares in entrepreneurial ventures, focusing on the decision of whether or not to divide the shares equally among all founders. To motivate the empirical analysis we develop a simple theory of costly bargaining, where founders trade off the simplicity of accepting an equal split, with the costs of negotiating a differentiated allocation of founder equity. We test the predictions of the theory on a proprietary dataset comprised of 1,476 founders in 511 entrepreneurial ventures. The empirical analysis consists of three main steps. First we consider determinants of equal splitting. We identify three founder characteristics –idea generation, prior entrepreneurial experience and founder capital contributions – regarding which greater team heterogeneity reduces the likelihood of equal splitting. Second, we show that these same founder characteristics also significantly affect the share premium in teams that split the equity unequally. Third, we show that equal splitting is associated with lower pre-money valuations in first financing rounds. Further econometric tests suggest that, as predicted by the theory, this effect is driven by unobservable heterogeneity, and it is more pronounced in teams that make quick decisions about founder share allocations. In addition we perform some counterfactual calculations that estimate the amount of money ‘left on the table’ by stronger founders who agree to an equal split. We estimate that the value at stake is approximately 10% of the firm equity, 25% of the average founder stake, or $450K in net present value.
Association of JC virus T-antigen expression with the methylator phenotype in sporadic colorectal cancers.
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS:
JC virus (JCV) is a polyomavirus that ubiquitously infects humans and has been implicated in various human cancers. JCV encodes a "transforming" gene, T-antigen (T-Ag), which is believed to mediate the oncogenic potential of the virus. We have previously shown that JCV DNA sequences are usually present in human colorectal cancers (CRCs), and we have provided in vitro evidence that JCV can induce chromosomal instability (CIN) in CRC cells. This study tests the hypothesis that JCV T-Ag expression correlates with one or more forms of genomic or epigenetic instability in sporadic CRCs.
METHODS:
We characterized 100 sporadic CRCs for microsatellite instability (MSI) and CIN. PCR amplifications were performed for T-Ag sequences, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to detect T-Ag expression. De novo methylation of the promoter regions of nine putative tumor suppressor genes thought to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis was studied by methylation-specific PCR.
RESULTS:
JCV T-Ag DNA sequences were found in 77% of the CRCs and 56% of these cancers (or 43% of the total) expressed T-Ag by IHC. Significant associations were observed between T-Ag expression and CIN in CRCs (P = .017) and between T-Ag expression and promoter methylation of multiple genes (P = .01).
CONCLUSIONS:
The association between T-Ag expression and promoter methylation in CRC suggests that this viral oncogene may induce methylator phenotype and that JCV may be involved in CRC through multiple mechanisms of genetic and epigenetic instability
HARMING FUTURE PERSONS: ETHICS, GENETICS AND THE NONIDENTITY PROBLEM
No full textHarming future persons: introduction / Melinda A. Roberts and David T. Wasserman -- Pt. I. Can bringing a person into existence harm that person? Can an act that harms no one be wrong? -- 1. The intractability of the nonidentity problem / David Heyd -- Pt. II. If bringing a badly off person into existence is wrong, is not bringing a well off person into existence also wrong? -- 2. Rights and the asymmetry between creating good and bad lives / Ingmar Persson -- 3. Asymmetries in the morality of causing people to exist / Jeff McMahan -- Pt. III. Must an act worse for people be worse for a particular person? -- 4. Who cares about identity? / Nils Holtug -- 5. Do future persons presently have alternate possible identities? / Clark Wolf -- 6. Rule consequentialism and non-identity / Tim Mulgan -- Pt. IV. Is the argument to "no harm done" correct? Must an act that harms a person make that person worse off? -- 7. Harming as causing harm / Elizabeth Harman -- 8. Wrongful life and procreative decisions / Bonnie Steinbock -- 9. Harming and procreating / Matthew Hanser -- 10. The nonidentity problem and the two envelope problem: when is one act better for a person than another? / Melinda A. Roberts -- Pt. V. Is the morality of parental reproductive choice special? Can intentions and attitudes make an act that harms no one wrong? -- 11. Reproduction, partiality, and the non-identity problem / Hallvard Lillehammer -- 12. Two varieties of "better-for" judgements / Peter Herissone-Kelly -- 13. Harms to future people and procreative intentions / David T. Wasserman -- Pt. VI. Is the person affecting approach objectionable independent of the nonidentity problem? -- 14. Can the person affecting restriction solve the problems in population ethics? / Gustaf Arrhenius -- Pt. VII. What are the implications of the nonidentity problem for law and public policy? -- 15. Implications of the nonidentity problem for state regulation of reproductive liberty / Philip G. Peters -- 16. Reparations for U.S. slavery and justice over time / Seana Valentine Shiffrin -- Name index -- Subject inde
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Jews, Gentiles, and Other Animals The Talmud after the Humanities
No full textIn Jews, Gentiles, and Other Animals, Mira Beth Wasserman undertakes a close reading of Avoda Zara, arguably the Babylonian Talmud's most scandalous tractate. According to Wasserman, Avoda Zara is where this Talmud joins the humanities in questioning what it means to be a human.Cover -- Contents -- A Note on Sources, Usage, and Transliteration -- Introduction -- 1. The Sense of a Beginning -- 2. Jews, Gentiles, and Other Animals -- 3. Leaky Vessels -- 4. Ethics and Objects -- 5. The Last Laugh -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- AcknowledgmentsIn Jews, Gentiles, and Other Animals, Mira Beth Wasserman undertakes a close reading of Avoda Zara, arguably the Babylonian Talmud's most scandalous tractate. According to Wasserman, Avoda Zara is where this Talmud joins the humanities in questioning what it means to be a human.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
T-Reg Comparator: an analysis tool for the comparison of position weight matrices
No full textRöpcke S, Grossmann S, Rahmann S, Vingron M. T-Reg Comparator: an analysis tool for the comparison of position weight matrices. Nucleic Acids Research. 2005;33(Web Server):W438-W441.T-Reg Comparator is a novel software tool designed to support research into transcriptional regulation. Sequence motifs representing transcription factor binding sites are usually encoded as position weight matrices. The user inputs a set of such weight matrices or binding site sequences and our program matches them against the T-Reg database, which is presently built on data from the Transfac [E. Wingender (2004) In Silico Biol., 4, 55-61] and Jaspar [A. Sandelin, W. Alkema, P. Engstrom, W. W. Wasserman and B. Lenhard (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, D91-D94]. Our tool delivers a detailed report on similarities between user-supplied motifs and motifs in the database. Apart from simple one-to-one relationships, T-Reg Comparator is also able to detect similarities between submatrices. In addition, we provide a user interface to a program for sequence scanning with weight matrices. Typical areas of application for T-Reg Comparator are motif and regulatory module finding and annotation of regulatory genomic regions. T-Reg Comparator is available at http://treg.molgen.mpg.de
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
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