99 research outputs found
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Contribution of Services Sector in the Economy of Pakistan
No full textThe services sector has provided steady support to Pakistan’s economic growth. It share in GDP now stands a more than 50 percent. The paper analyses its continuation in the growth of the economy in general and the development of trade and genera tion of employment in particular. The study identifies the bottlenecks in its growth and suggest measures to remove them. A set of policy reforms has been suggested to make the sector more effective in the growth of the national economy.Services Sector, Industry, Employment, Financial Institutions and Pakistan’s Economy
Poverty Dynamics of Female-headed Households in Pakistan: Evidence from PIHS 2000-01 and PSLM 2004-05
No full textThe paper attempts to empirically test a naïve version of what is rather stylistically termed as “feminisation of poverty”, using the sub-sample of female -headed households (FHHs) from two household surveys in Pakistan. Although, the database is constrained by quality factors and small sample size, the following findings add to the richness of current research in this area: (a) The numerical incidence of poverty among households headed by females is less than that for all households in the country, at the national, urban and rural level for both the years. This can be traced to the finding that more than 70 percent of households headed by females receive remittances, (b) The incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period 2000-01 to 2004-05 did not decline as fast as it did for mixed households, nationwide. In urban areas, it did not decline at all, (c) Among the determinants of poverty of FHHs, illiteracy, dependency and rural residence exacerbate poverty, while remittances domestic and/ or foreign reduce poverty, (d) The dynamics of incidence of poverty among FHHs during the period indicated that Illiteracy as the factor exacerbating poverty became less important in 2004-05. Moreover, residence in rural areas was also a weaker factor in determining the incidence of poverty. By far the most notable contribution in reducing the incidence of poverty was self-employment in agriculture in 2004-05.
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
No full textIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Estimating the Middle Class in Pakistan
No full textThe concept ‘middle class’ is one of the most commonly used terms in the social sciences, including economics, sociology and political science. Despite its frequent use there is, however, no consensus on what the term exactly implies and its meaning remains ambiguous depending primarily on the context in which it is used. It is viewed as the class that is between, and separates, the lower and the upper classes, that is the rich and the poor, but there is no agreement on the exact boundaries that separates them. Most of the definitions and measurements of the middle class continue to be somewhat arbitrary and vague.
The Reflection of Islamic Culture and Beliefs in the Stories of Dr. Akram Osman
No full textThe sacred religion of Islam encompasses its own distinct principles, laws, and worldview, as presented through the Holy Quran, a divine guide for humanity. This guidance shapes the beliefs, actions, and morals of Muslims according to an Islamic perspective. Islam is a comprehensive and complete religion that addresses all aspects of individual, familial, social, economic, political, and cultural life. It provides everything necessary for human guidance and prosperity, as conveyed to humanity by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the savior of mankind, who is the final prophet, and Islam is the ultimate and final religion. In Islamic societies, the responsibility of promoting and conveying Islamic teachings was not limited to religious scholars alone. Muslim poets and writers also undertake this significant mission, using their literary talents in both poetry and prose to inspire individuals and societies with the values and teachings of this sacred religion. The late Dr. Mohammad Akram Osman, a distinguished author from Afghanistan, made remarkable contributions to storytelling that not only enriched the world of literature but also served as a guide for humanity in learning and understanding Islamic culture and beliefs. This article aims to explore the reflection of Islamic culture and beliefs in the stories of Dr. Mohammad Akram Osman, highlighting his ability to intertwine Islamic teachings with literary expression
بیسویں صدی کا پنجابی زبان و ادب اور ڈاکٹر فقیر محمد فقیر
No full textDr. Faqir Muhammad Faqir is a 20th century renowned poet, author, researcher, critic, historian and above all, a lover of Punjabi language. He rendered valuable services to Punjabi language by compiling classical Punjabi literature along producing new prose and verse. He was given the title of "Father of Punjabi Language" and "The Omer Khayyam of the Punjab" by the literary circles. This article covers his literary contributions to Punjabi language and literature besides determining his status in 20th century Punjabi literati.
Algebraic Representation of Social Capital Matrix
No full textThis paper proposes a mathematical model based on a Boolean algebra involving a 44 social capital matrix [Shah (2008)], that emerges through interaction within and across individuals, communities, institutions and state. The framework provides a coding system for the existence or otherwise of various categories of social interaction. The model illustrates that social interaction can be neatly described in a format that facilitates the interpretation of social intra- and interactions among the four types of players in generating economic activity.Social Capital (Matrix), Linear Space, Interactive Systems, Boolean Algebra
Determinants of Urban Poverty : The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan
No full textUrban poverty, which is distinct from rural poverty due to demographic, economic and political aspects remain hitherto unexplored, at the city level in Pakistan. We have examined the determinants of urban poverty in Sargodha, a medium-size city of Pakistan. The analysis is based on the survey of 330 households. Results suggest that employment in public sector, investment in human capital and access to public amenities reduce poverty while employment in informal sector, greater household size and female dominated households increase poverty. We recommend greater investment in human capital and public amenities as a strategy for poverty alleviation.Urban Poverty, Pakistan
Analysing the Terms of Trade Effect for Pakistan
No full textThe study investigates the impact of changes in terms of trade in Pakistan on its income and consumption potentials, by employing two measures of terms of trade, namely, barter terms of trade and income terms of trade. The study examines Pakistans terms of trade behaviour using time series data from 1990- 2008, and works out the losses the country had to bear owing to deterioration in its terms of trade. Paper finds that worsening of terms of trade has a negative impact on economic growth of Pakistan, as it ultimately reduces gross domestic product.Terms of Trade, Commodity Terms of Trade, Income Terms of Trade, GDP, Pakistan
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