1,720,992 research outputs found
Sustaining and scaling up community managed water: WASEP in Pakistan
No full textCommunity-based water management (CBWM) remains the leading model for implementing and sustaining rural water supply services in low- and middle-income countries despite the lack of sustainability. Moreover, measures centred on providing external support to communities directly and through a wider policy and institutional framework have not improved sustainability. This book examines the key features, performance and limitations of the CBWM model through the case study of the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP), a successful community-managed scheme that has delivered clean piped drinking water to over 450 mainly rural settlements in Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan.This case study draws on the findings of a 2019–2022 research project to assess the sustainability of WASEP and its scalability to urban centres funded by the British Academy’s Urban Infrastructures of Well-Being Programme. The research was undertaken by an inter-disciplinary team of UK- and Pakistan-based researchers from the social, engineering, and environmental sciences, along with development practitioners. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through a review of WASEP schemes, a large-scale household survey, interviews, focus group discussions, and an engineering audit, based on a random sample of WASEP schemes and control sites. The chapters examine different aspects of the CBWM model and WASEP and illustrate how community participation and engineering best practices can deliver and sustain clean drinking water up to a point, and the constraints of the CBWM model on long-term sustainability that is relevant to practitioners, communities, governments and donors.https://ecommons.aku.edu/books/1192/thumbnail.jp
Water tariffs: a challenging issue for WASEP implementation
No full textWater tariffs: a challenging issue for WASEP implementatio
Water tariffs: a challenging issue for WASEP implementation
No full textWater tariffs: a challenging issue for WASEP implementatio
WASEP model in improving access to water and sanitation in Pakistan: an example in best practices
No full textPost-2015, as global leaders move towards SDGs, it is important for countries in the Global South to situate water and sanitation interventions not simply as ‘ends’, but also as ‘means’ towards achieving broader goals of human development. The paper demonstrates this, firstly, by discussing theoretical debates in secondary data to situate the importance of water and sanitation in human development, and secondly, by using primary data (pre-and-post intervention analysis) from the case study of Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP) which has successfully applied an integrated model for provision of safe water and sanitation, along with a behavioural change communication strategy for improved health and hygiene practices in the mountainous regions of Pakistan. Drawing from the learning of WASEP approach, the paper concludes that policymakers in the Global South should re-conceptualize WASH interventions to account for issues of community empowerment, WASH sustainability, and the regional/national human development goals
WASEP model in improving access to water and sanitation in Pakistan: an example in best practices
Full text linkPost-2015, as global leaders move towards SDGs, it is important for countries in the Global South to situate water and sanitation interventions not simply as ‘ends’, but also as ‘means’ towards achieving broader goals of human development. The paper demonstrates this, firstly, by discussing theoretical debates in secondary data to situate the importance of water and sanitation in human development, and secondly, by using primary data (pre-and-post intervention analysis) from the case study of Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP) which has successfully applied an integrated model for provision of safe water and sanitation, along with a behavioural change communication strategy for improved health and hygiene practices in the mountainous regions of Pakistan. Drawing from the learning of WASEP approach, the paper concludes that policymakers in the Global South should re-conceptualize WASH interventions to account for issues of community empowerment, WASH sustainability, and the regional/national human development goals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Health and hygiene situation in northern areas of Pakistan: pre and post WASEP interventions
Full text linkThe overarching goal of Water and Sanitation Extension programme (WASEP) is to reduce diarrhoeal morbidity by 50%
in its partner communities. WASEP includes water supply, sanitation, drainage, water quality and health and hygiene
education in its interventions. To calculate the possible impact of health oriented intervention, it is very important to have
knowledge of existing health situation and it is always valuable to know about local beliefs and practices concerning
hygiene behavior. Unfortunately, hygiene education has been an ignored subject and has not been key objective to the
organizations responsible for providing rural water supply schemes and has never been an attractive option to the villagers
of Northern areas and Chitral. Health should be one of the prime objectives for investing money in a water supply
and Sanitation programmes. The prevailing situation requires a thorough thought to address this subject. There is a large
vacuum in this field, which needs to be filed with better planning. There are many aspects of rural life in the Northern
Areas and Chitral region of Pakistan where people have unhygienic traditional practices. Unfortunately, sometimes these
unhygienic practices are linked with beliefs and religions. Some people for example believe that all flowing water is clean
i.e. river; channels etc. regardless of its source. Also, cloths after washing with soap are not considered clean (Paak) if
not dipped in water at least one meter deep. Women are main procurer and user of water and entirely responsible for
sanitation and hygiene of the family at home. In many parts of northern areas, acute shortage of water, ignored sanitation
and hygiene have made life difficult for women. A water and sanitation programme, should therefore involve women in
the development process. The central role of women in water, sanitation and hygiene has been emphasized in throughout
WASEP’s five years progamme. WASEP has been aiming to provide safe water at injection rather than at source or at tap
stand. As discussed above, women shoulder responsibility of providing water to their families. Therefore, primary target
group was the women who also carry out the risk practices. i.e. cleaning children, handling children’s stool and responsible
for excreta disposal
Health and hygiene situation in northern areas of Pakistan: pre and post WASEP interventions
No full textThe overarching goal of Water and Sanitation Extension programme (WASEP) is to reduce diarrhoeal morbidity by 50%
in its partner communities. WASEP includes water supply, sanitation, drainage, water quality and health and hygiene
education in its interventions. To calculate the possible impact of health oriented intervention, it is very important to have
knowledge of existing health situation and it is always valuable to know about local beliefs and practices concerning
hygiene behavior. Unfortunately, hygiene education has been an ignored subject and has not been key objective to the
organizations responsible for providing rural water supply schemes and has never been an attractive option to the villagers
of Northern areas and Chitral. Health should be one of the prime objectives for investing money in a water supply
and Sanitation programmes. The prevailing situation requires a thorough thought to address this subject. There is a large
vacuum in this field, which needs to be filed with better planning. There are many aspects of rural life in the Northern
Areas and Chitral region of Pakistan where people have unhygienic traditional practices. Unfortunately, sometimes these
unhygienic practices are linked with beliefs and religions. Some people for example believe that all flowing water is clean
i.e. river; channels etc. regardless of its source. Also, cloths after washing with soap are not considered clean (Paak) if
not dipped in water at least one meter deep. Women are main procurer and user of water and entirely responsible for
sanitation and hygiene of the family at home. In many parts of northern areas, acute shortage of water, ignored sanitation
and hygiene have made life difficult for women. A water and sanitation programme, should therefore involve women in
the development process. The central role of women in water, sanitation and hygiene has been emphasized in throughout
WASEP’s five years progamme. WASEP has been aiming to provide safe water at injection rather than at source or at tap
stand. As discussed above, women shoulder responsibility of providing water to their families. Therefore, primary target
group was the women who also carry out the risk practices. i.e. cleaning children, handling children’s stool and responsible
for excreta disposal
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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