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Bi-aspectual verbs in heritage Russian against the background of baseline language dynamics
Full text link[Artikel-Nr. 1] Our study investigates language processing in mono- and multilingual settings, focusing on language dynamics in heritage Russian against the background of baseline Russian. In this context, we explore bi-aspectual verbs as an unstable part of Russian grammar. As verbs without morphologically marked expression of aspectual contrasts, bi-aspectual verbs represent a special case within Russian aspectual morphology and demonstrate significant variations in their monolingual use. Our study examines the use of bi-aspectual verbs in heritage Russian acquired as a home language in a multilingual environment in families with migrant background. In contrast to monolingual speakers, heritage speakers operate with polylingual variation, which can comprise single varieties within the same language or even two or more typologically different languages. These language variation mechanisms in heritage speakers represent notable specifics of their language use and the special dynamics of heritage Russian. Therefore, when comparing the use of a dynamic part of the language system, we aim to shed light on the analogous vs specific language processing in baseline and heritage Russian. Based on the elaborated production data, we test the use of ten bi-aspectual verbs in heritage speakers (N = 30) with high proficiency in Russian. The control group of the study was composed of monolingual Russian respondents (N = 30). By examining the use of bi-aspectual verbs in monolingual (baseline Russian) and bilingual (migrant heritage Russian) speakers, we focus on the question of the extent to which language dynamics in the core domains of the language system are either similar or dissimilar in heritage vs baseline language. In so doing, we further contribute to the discussion of the primary vs secondary role of the internal vs external mechanisms of language change
Is Translation Child’s Play? Circulation of Knowledge in Lomonosov’s Kratkij rossijskij letopisec s rodosloviem (1760) and its Translations
No full text1765 and 1767 saw the publication of the German, respectively the English translations of Lomonosov’s Kratkij rossijskij letopisec s rodosloviem (1760). For the very first time the European reading public could find out how Russians saw their own history. These translations testified to Russia’s ascent both as an empire and as a part of European learned society, and were made by youths who wanted to further their own career and were neither professional translators nor historians. In this article, we argue that the translations of Lomonosov’s Kratkij rossijskij letopisec s rodosloviem should not be studied as an isolated act of cultural transfer, but as an episode in a longer history of circulation of knowledge. We demonstrate the complexity of this circulation by reassessing the ‘quality’ of these translations and positioning them in that longer history of circulation of knowledge by analyzing the distribution of historical concepts (Begriffe) in Lomonosov’s original and its translations.status: Publishe
The status of syntactic variations in linguistic contact situations: a case study of Polish in Germany
No full textThe linguistic Reception of the French Novel in Russia the Phenomenon of the Argot in Hugo's Les Miserables and in Krestovskij's Peterburgskie truscoby
No full textОсобенности перевода при раннем естественном двуязычии: casestudy с итало-русским билингвом (Osobennosti perevoda pri rannem estestvennom dvujazyčii: casestudy s italo-russkim bilingvom)
No full textDespite the fact that questions regarding translation in bilingualism have occupied the attention of
researchers for several decades, the specific translation strategies of “early” bilingual persons are
still not very well understood. Among the causes of this situation is the relative lack of long-term
studies of the development of bilingual translation skills, which in the case of Russian as a second
language is particularly notable. However, the acquisition of more precise data regarding this
phenomenon is of great importance not only for cognitive science, but also from the point of view
of the effective teaching of translation as a professional activity to young as well as adult bilinguals.
In addition, studies to date have usually focused on the detection of errors in translation into the
second language. However, as it turns out, the quality of translation into the native language
depends, to a large extent, on the degree of bilingualism.
This article is a case study, using as its subject for this experiment in translation, an “early” natural
bilingual person whose first language was Italian and whose second language was Russian. His
translations from Russian into Italian were compared with those of bilingual adults and also
speakers of Italian who began, by choice, to study Russian in adulthood. Contrastive analysis
showed that the early, naturally bilingual translator employed a much greater variety of types of
transformations, among which were, principally, omission, addition, semantic generalization and
substitution, syntactical reformulation and modification. On the other hand, the “late” bilinguals
gave priority to semantic accuracy. In addition, the bilingual translator was more successful in
idiomatic appropriateness and achieved greater stylistic and genre competence. His translations
were more attuned to the culture of the target language and took more account of the perception
threshold of the hypothetical reader/listener.
At the same time, the translations of the “early” bilingual subject showed marked weaknesses such
as excessive arbitrariness, linguistically unmotivated application of transformations and
overconfidence in the interpretation of the original text
The Status of Syntactic Variations in Linguistic Contact Situations
No full textThe article presents first results of a pilot study on the syntactic changes in Polish as a language contact in Germany. On the base of the experimental data tests the study examines the syntactic changes in Polish of two diaspora-generations: the so called forgetters and the incomplete learners. The article focuses on the questions: how the situation of languages in contact influences the syntactic changes in the heritage language (Polish) and which status have those syntactic transferences. Other linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, capable to cause the language change in the situation of language contact, are also discussed in the article
Brückners Höflichkeitskonzept (1916): Linguistik oder Ideologie?
No full textSummary
The paper presents the Polish study Ty-wy-pan. Kartka z dziejów próżności ludzkiej (‘You (singular)–you (plural)–Lord. An overview on the history of the people’s vanity’, 1916) by Alexander Brückner from a linguistic-pragmatical as well as ideological point of view. In his pioneer study on politeness, the German-Polish slavist Brückner (1856–1939) critically reflects on the current system of Polish addresses and titles, especially in relating to the soon-to-be refoundation of the Second Polish Republic (1918). The paper analyzes how his linguistic description and his ideas for reformation of the Polish addressative system are pragmatically justified and how they are ideologically motivated. Furthermore, the paper reconstructs the status of Brückner’s concept of politeness in the context of current studies on Polish pragmatics.</jats:p
Русское имянаречение Нового времени
No full textThe author stems from the premise that modern anthroponymy effectively incorporates data from related fields of knowledge, primarily those of cultural and political history, thus getting enlarged through interdisciplinary research. An integrated approach allows one to deduce the extra-linguistic mechanisms which lay behind anthroponymic changes. In the same vein, the present paper focuses on the dynamics within the Russian anthroponymic paradigm caused by the changing vectors of political, ideological, cultural, and religious identity in the historical perspective of the New Time (1700-1920s). The study aims to establish the connection between specific trends in naming and the precedent names, events, and texts of political, cultural, and religious life. The mechanisms of anthroponymic shifts are illustrated by the cases of individual names becoming socially significant in a particular historical context. Using interdisciplinary methods of cultural anthropology, the study builds on textual sources, primarily name indexes to the collections of works by outstanding cultural figures and scholars, and biographical dictionaries. Some examples of pragmatic naming strategies in works of art (literature, opera, cinema) are also provided. Preliminary findings reveal some major trends in the Russian anthroponymic system of the New Age such as Europeization vs. Russification, modernization vs. archaization, as well as their synthesis. These tendencies remain key up to the present day and can be traced and characteristically defined within a set (or corpus) of names relating to the particular epoch, in terms of their frequency and the parameters of the sociolinguistic distribution. The diachronic perspective of the study also supports the sociolinguistic observation that the newly introduced names, which are currently in use, have a pronounced social resonance, which is getting neutralized as their frequency increases. Further development of the topic implies, among other things, statistical verification of preliminary findings
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