82 research outputs found
Jala karya titis basino
No full textABSTRACT
This research aims to reveal the meaning conveyed by the author through signs in the novel Iola using theory of Riffaterre's semiotics. The method used, Semiotics of Riffaterre, sees a literary works as a semiotic phenomenon. In that method, there are four things that should be considered in understanding a literary work, i.e. a poem or literary work that expresses something indirectly, heuristic and hermeneutic reading, matrix, model, and variance, and hypogram in the literary work. Data are taken from pia, a novel written by Titis Basino P.I.
From the heuristic reading, it is concluded that the story consists of three parts, namel
Divergence of rhizobium-induced cytokinin signalling in nodulating species
No full textNitrogen-fixing symbioses provide a beneficial platform for plants to sustain the growth and development under the nitrogen-limiting environment. The nitrogen-fixing symbioses occur exclusively in a subset of genera of 10 taxonomic families. These nodulating plant genera form a paraphylitic clade in the orders Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales and Fagales, which collectively are known as ‘Nitrogen Fixing Clade’. Nodulating species of eight families establish the symbiotic interaction with the filamentous bacteria Frankia, and therefore are classified as actinorhizal plants. Nodulating species of two other families interact with the nitrogen-fixing rhizobium; namely legumes (Fabaceae, Fabales) and Parasponia (Cannabaceae, Rosales). Both nitrogen-fixing microbes induce the formation of a niche organ, so-called root nodules. Despite varieties in nodule morphology across nodulating species, the root nodules serve a general purpose to accommodate the bacteria intracellularly and to provide a suitable physiological environment for the bacteria to convert the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium. A major aim in nitrogen-fixing nodulation research is to unravel the signalling pathways required for a successful mutualism. Recently, phylogenomic comparisons of nodulating and non-nodulating species postulated that the nodulation trait likely originated from a common ancestor of the Nitrogen-Fixing Clade. This implies that the nodulation trait encountered massive parallel loss during the divergence of this clade. Considering the contribution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses to sustainable plant growth under low nitrogen input farming, it leads to a question whether it is possible to extend the host range of nitrogen-fixing symbionts to non-nodulating crops (such as wheat, maize, or rice). To this end, it is important to identify the key genetic adaptations underlying these successful symbioses. To date, a massive body of knowledge on nodulation has been generated in molecular genetic studies on two model species; Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus which belong to the legume subfamily of Papilionoideae. In accordance with the single gain hypothesis, it implies that the core genetic adaptations underlying the nodulation trait are conserved in all nodulating plant species and orchestrated via a shared genetic network. Therefore, expanding the nodulation research outside the Papilionoideae clade is highly relevant to pinpoint the core set of nodulation genes, and to reveal the lineage-specific genetic adaptations that have shaped the symbiotic interactions.In this PhD thesis, I utilise two alternative species to study the nodulation trait, namely Chamaecrista mimosoides and Parasponia andersonii. C. mimosoides belongs to the legume subfamily of Caesalpinoideae, in which the occurrence of nodulating species is far less frequent than in the subfamily of Papilionoideae. Caesalpinoideae also represents a basal node in the divergence of the legume family, and therefore functional studies Chamaecrista species may offer insights in basal adaptations in the legume-rhizobium interactions. The second species, P. andersonii is a most distantly related nodulating species to legumes. As both lineages diverged at the root of the nitrogen-fixing clade, and therefore studying Parasponia in the context of rhizobial symbiosis may provide a platform to identify the core genetic adaptations underlying the nodulation trait. Genetic screens in M. truncatula and L. japonicus uncovered synchronised processes leading to the formation of functional nodules. Rhizobial chitin oligomer-based signal molecules (namely, LCOs or Nod-Factors) are perceived by the plant by specific LysM-type receptors, which initiate signalling cascade that sets in motion nodule organogenesis and rhizobium intracellular infection. It was found that cytokinin signalling is an integral part of Nod-Factors induced signalling, and essential for nodule organogenesis. Cytokinin signalling is tightly linked to the functional activity of transcription factor NIN. The perception of cytokinin is mainly regulated by histidine kinase cytokinin receptor MtCRE1 in M. truncatula and LjLHK1 in L. japonicus. Knockout mutations in these receptors result in a dramatic reduction of nodule numbers, whereas a dominant-active mutant MtCRE1/LjLHK1 form can induce spontaneous nodule formation. This underlines the importance of cytokinin signalling in nodulation of M. truncatula and L. japonicus. However, it remains elusive whether symbiotic cytokinin signalling is conserved in nodulating species outside the legume Papilionoideae subfamily.Prior genetic studies in either C. mimosoides or P. andersonii, it is very crucial to establish the genetic tools allowing plant transformation and the corresponding phenotypic analyses in both species. In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3-4, I provided the established transformation protocols that can be used for performing functional studies in C. mimosoides or P. andersonii, respectively. Transformation protocol in C. mimosoides was based on the transient hairy root transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Chapter 2). In P. andersonii, the plant transformation was mediated by A. tumefaciens (Chapter 3-4).Based on study in C. mimosoides (Chapter 2), I observed that both NIN genes (CmNIN1 and CmNIN2) and the Type ARR cytokinin responsive genes (CmARR4 and CmARR9) are transcriptionally activated upon rhizobial inoculation and the exogenous cytokinin (benzylaminopurine, BAP) treatment. This suggests that the cytokinin signalling and NIN expression in C. mimosoides are Nod-Factors responsive. This finding is consistent with the observations in the model legumes. Functional studies in C. mimosoides mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) targeting either single CmNIN1 or CmNIN2, and double CmNIN1;CmNIN2 resulted in a significant reduction in nodule numbers. In particular silencing of CmNIN2, resulted also in nodules devoid of a fixation zone. This suggests that CmNIN2 may have an important function not only in nodule organogenesis, but also for successful release of bacteria from infection threads. A similar RNAi strategy was applied to target C. mimosoides cytokinin histidine kinase receptor CmHK4. Also, CmHK4 RNAi lines possess less functional nodules when compared to wild type control plants. This suggests that nodule organogenesis is HK4-dependent. Therefore, I hypothesize that the MtCRE1/LjLHK1/CmHK4-mediated cytokinin and NIN signalling is a conserved mechanism in nodule formation of Papilionoideae and Caesalpinoideae legumes. However, further studies in C. mimosoides are still required to substantiate the interconnection between the cytokinin signalling and NIN.In Chapter 4, I present a proof of concept of the reverse genetic analyses in P. andersonii, by targeting four putative symbiosis genes; namely PanHK4, PanEIN2, PanNSP1, or PanNSP2. These genes are known to be involved in the cytokinin and ethylene signalling, and the regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis, respectively. Additionally, these genes also exhibit essential functions in root nodulation of legumes. Loss-of-functions of Pannsp1 and Pannsp2 revealed a conserved role for NSP1 and NSP2 to regulate nodule organogenesis. Also, both mutants are affected in the expression of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes D27 and MAX1. The Panein2 mutant also displayed a symbiotic phenotype, though clearly distinct from what is found in legumes. Instead of displaying a hypernodulation phenotype as seen in legume ein2 mutants, Panein2 mutants developed nodules without fixation zones. Analyses of Panhk4 mutants revealed no symbiotic phenotypes. However, the Panhk4 mutants, as well as Panein2 showed non-symbiotic phenotypes that correlate with the reduced cytokinin and ethylene signalling, respectively. Altogether, this study provides a valuable example of utilising P. andersonii as an experimental system to study the rhizobial-induced symbiotic interaction, alongside the model legumes.In Chapter 5, I present an in-depth analysis on the role of cytokinin signalling in the P. andersonii-rhizobium interaction. Utilising the cytokinin synthetic reporter TCSn, it was shown that the cytokinin signalling induced upon rhizobium and Nod factor application. TCSn remained active during nodule organogenesis in cells that become infected by rhizobium. By analysing the spatiotemporal expression of the three P. andersonii cytokinin HK genes, we found an expression pattern of PanHK3 that largely overlaps with TCSn during nodulation. RNAi knockdown studies targeting different cytokinin receptors simultaneously (PanHK2, PanHK3) suggests some functional redundancy among three of the cytokinin receptors in regulating nodule organogenesis. Additionally, mutagenesis of PanHK3 resulted in nodules that are devoid of fixation threads. Taken together, I argue that the cytokinin signalling is integrated in the rhizobial-induced nodulation of P. andersonii.In summary, this thesis provides an example of comparative genetic analyses of the nodulation trait by utilising two species outside the legume Papilionoideae subfamily. Results that are presented in this thesis illustrate the integration of cytokinin signalling in the rhizobium-induced nodulation. This suggests that the Nod factors-induced cytokinin signalling represents a conserved mechanism in nodulation, which has been recruited in the common ancestor of the Nitrogen-Fixing Clade
pemaknaansemiotika refaterre jala by Titis Basino P.I, revealing significance of riffaterre semiotics
No full textABSTRACT
This research aims to reveal the meaning conveyed by the author through signs in the novel Iola using theory of Riffaterre\u27s semiotics. The method used, Semiotics of Riffaterre, sees a literary works as a semiotic phenomenon. In that method, there are four things that should be considered in understanding a literary work, i.e. a poem or literary work that expresses something indirectly, heuristic and hermeneutic reading, matrix, model, and variance, and hypogram in the literary work. Data are taken from pia, a novel written by Titis Basino P.I.
From the heuristic reading, it is concluded that the story consists of three parts, namelythe story about the life of Mariati and Pamuji being the onion picking workers, the story about the life of Mariati and Pamuji who are trying to survive in the big city, Jakarta and the story about child adoption. From the hermeneutic reading by considering the potential hypogram, some main ideas of this novel are found. Some of the main ideas are Mariati and Pamuji working as the onion picking workers, the desire of Mariati and Pamuji to work in big city, Jakarta, Mariati who works as the housemaid, sexual abuse toward Maria ti, the marriage of Mariati and Pamuji, Mariati working as the receptionist of a medical clinic, Pamuji continuing his study at university, Pamuji having a job and becoming a writer, adopting a child.
Matrix or the central meaning of novel Jala is expectation, the expectation for getting luck. The matrix is then actualized into a model, namely "jala" or a net. As a model "jala" connotatively means expectation followed with struggle forgetting luck. The model is actualized into variants. The variants of novel Jala are the following: Mariati and Pamuji hying to get a better life by seeking for a job in Jakarta, Mariati who experienced sexual abuse by the son of her employer, the marriage of Mariati and Pamuji, Mariati working as the receptionist of a medical clinic, Pamuji continuing his study at university, Pamuji having a job and becoming a writer, adopting a child. The hypograms of the novel are the case of the rape done by the son of the employer and also marital betrayal, the case that was found in the previous literary work.
Key word: Jala, Expectation, Matrix, Hypogram
A Preliminary Study: The Change of Urban Kampungs to a Thematic Kampungs as a Tourist Destination by the Tangerang City Government
No full textThe 14th Next-Generation Global Workshopテーマ/Theme: New Normal Lifestyles during/post-COVID-19: from Crisis to Opportunity日程/Date: 25-26 September, 2021開催場所/Venue: The workshop will be held Online第14回次世代グローバルワークショップThis research is a preliminary study to see the changes in urban kampungs which were originally slums, turned into cleaner and more colorful kampungs. Kampung is a term used to explain densely populated urban area, where some of the characteristics of rural live can be seen in the people's everyday life. The city chosen for this study is Tangerang, a city in the west of Jakarta the capital city of Indonesia. In 2017, thematic kampung began to be planned by the Tangerang City Government as a form of supporting the Mayor's flagship program, namely Tangerang LIVE (Liveable, Investable, Visitable, E-city). The purpose of this thematic kampung is to re-creating the kampung into a ‘visitable’ area or as a tourist destination. Several previous studies examined thematic kampungs from the sustainability of implementation, community participation in development, environmental aspects, the role of stakeholders in the development process, and kampungs tourism potential. This study focuses on the change of urban kampungs before and after being formed into thematic kampungs. In contrast to previous academic studies, as a preliminary study, researcher wants to examine the concept of abstract space and social space by looking at the meeting space between the two. The author observes one of the most well-known tourist destinations namely Kampung Bekelir. This kampung underwent a re-painting project, and become a colorful kampung. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach with primary data collection through in-depth interviews, field observations, literature studies, and official government documents
The Criminality Reflected In The Great Gatsby Novel: A Sociological Approach
No full textThis study discusses Fitzgerald's work The Great Gatsby as a novel. This work told the story of a man who was born from a low social status and tries to pursue his dream of becoming the upper class with the aim of getting the woman he loves. The purposes of this study is to analyze aspects of crime, reveal the reasons why crime appears as an issue, and describe how crime is portrayed in The Great Gatsby novel. This study analyzed by using a Sociological Approach. Descriptive-qualitative study is used in this research. The data sources used in this research are primary data sources from the novel The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald and secondary data from articles, books, and journals from the internet related to this research. As a result, the author finds three aspects of criminality such as: illegal business, concealment of identity, and murder. Secondly, the author of this novel explained clearly the issue of crime in the novel The Great Gatsby. The characters in this novel involved crimes based on the ambition to increase social class, love, and revenge. Thirdly, the researcher also finds supporting elements in the depiction of crime in this novel through characterizations and plots
Main Character's Life Optimism In Undergoing Cancer In John Green The Fault In Our Stars Novel: A Psychoanalysis Study
No full textThe main character of John Green's novel "The Fault in Our Star" will have his optimism analyzed in this research paper. This research will examine how the main character, Hazel Grace, who has battled illness since she was a little child, displays optimism. Despite the fact that Hazel Grace is characterized as a pessimistic girl by the book's author, John Green, the author does not specifically discuss Hazel Grace's optimism. So although though Hazel Grace is seen as a negative person, she actually has optimism. This paper will use the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud's theory, namely; Id, Ego, Superego. The data used in this research are both primary and secondary data. The "Fault in Our Stars" book provided primary data, and secondary sources included papers and hypotheses regarding psychoanalysis study. methods for data gathering from a variety of article sources and source libraries. And as a result of this study, the book's author describes Hazel as being pessimistic. However, Hazel actually exhibits optimism, and it comes from within herself. This optimism in Hazel Grace arises from her power to inspire herself as well as from the positive support of her parents and those around her
Jumpa Penggemar Artis dari Lensa Interaksi Parasosial Virtual
No full textMeeting fans is something that is difficult to realize during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the entertainment industry reproduces the relationship between fans and celebrities through social media-mediated fan encounters in order to balance the impact of business and intimate relationships with fans. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the author explores celebrity and fan interactions at South Korean celebrity Lee Sung Kyung\u27s fanmeeting via TikTok using Horton and parasocial theory. Previous research has not explained the interactions between celebrities and fans when fanmeetings take place in virtual spaces with a qualitative approach. The form of virtual fanmeetings actually repeats previous offline fanmeetings. Both sell artist personas as commodities. However, the absence of physical interaction makes these virtual fanmeetings very difficult to distinguish from broadcasts on conventional television. The author believes that fanmeetings are offline products that cannot be replaced with virtual content because they do not involve voluntary interactions such as hugs, handshakes, or other physical interactions that play a role in physical and emotional intimacy. This research strengthens Horton & Wohl\u27s (11956) that the interaction between the audience and the celebrity is actually one-sided, not dialectical, controlled by the celebrity, and there is no mutual development of the relationship. Furthermore, celebrity parasocial interaction in this study is shown as "selective self-presentation of the sender of the message" in mediated communication
Women’s Oppression Reflected in Paulo Coelho’s “The Spy” Novel (2016): A Feminist Perspective
No full textThis study aims to analyze women’s oppression in Paulo Coelho's The Spy novel
by using a feminist perspective. This study discusses the depiction of women’s
oppression, identifies the indicator of women’s oppression, and shows the reason
why the author addressed the issue of women’s oppression in his work. This study
is qualitative descriptive research. The data source used in this study is divided
into two categories: primary data source and secondary data source. The primary
data source is a novel entitled The Spy by Paulo Coelho which consists of 208
pages and published in 2016. The secondary data source of this study are
websites, journals, dictionaries, books, articles and other sources related to this
study. The result of this study can be concluded in some aspects. First, women’s
oppression in the novel is depicted through four basic principles of feminist
perspective namely: women's position, women's right, women's role and women's
participation. Second, there are five indicators of women’s oppression found in
the novel those are: being a sexual victim, experiencing domestic violence,
powerlessness, experiencing sexual harassment, and being a victim of slander in
wartime. Third, the reason why the author addressed the issue of women’s
oppression is because he ever subjected of oppression in his life. He also wants to
show the readers one of the cases of innocent people like Mata Hari who gets
inequity and oppression during world war
Bullying In Education: a comparative study of Sandra Harris and Abdullah Nashih Ulwan’s thought
No full textABSTRACT
Bullying is the common case in educational field. Bullying often misunderstood as the educational methods through punishment or harassment. This misunderstanding makes many educators and teachers become the bullies or subjects of bullying. Educators are very close with Bullying, because the position of educators has more authority in the school and the educational model in this nation is Teacher – centered class model
Bullying becomes global educational issue because almost all of nation entire the world has the bullying problems. There are differences about the existence of bullying between in Indonesia and Western Countries, one of that is the bully in Indonesia dominated by educator, while in western countries, the bullies are more variations, such as educators, peers and family. In this research, researcher more focused on Bullying case that included educators and students, due to the close interaction between them.
Researcher use library research as the kind of research and take the primaries data from two books, Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam, written by Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan dan Bullying: The Bullies, The Victims and the Bystanders, written by Sandra Harris. Both books are considered to represent the Western and Islamic thought on Bullying. These books explain the concept, existence and solutions on Bullying, although in Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam, Bullying term specifically is not used by the author due to the difference era between the author and present.
This research focuses on (1) to know the concept of bullying according to Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan and Sandra Harris. (2) to determine differences in the concept of bullying according to Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan and Sandra Harris. This study aimed to compare the concept, existence and solution for Bullying case. Method of collecting data is done through collecting articles, data and journals about Bullying. In analyzing data, the researcher uses qualitative comparative techniques, namely by comparing data from different sources.
The research suggests that the concept of bullying, according to Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan is one of the educational method through violence or punishment. Although this method is allowed, it is the last method to educate children and accompany with the strict requirements to be applied. Meanwhile, Sandra Harris firmly rejected Bullying or educated student through violent, because violence can impair mental and child psychology.
Researcher wish there was more research on Bullying, especially Bullying in the view of Islam and its solution. So that the later generations would be realized free from violence in the name of education
ABSTRAK
Bullying merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan. Bullying sering disalahartikan sebagai salah satu bentuk pendidikan melalui kekerasan ataupun hukuman. Adanya kesalahpahaman tersebut, menyebabkan banyak pendidik atau guru yang menjadi subjek/pelaku Bullying. Guru sangat rawan untuk melakukan Bullying, karena posisi guru yang lebih memiliki otoritas di dalam lingkup sekolah dan model pembelajaran yang kita gunakan masih menggunakan model Teacher – centered class.
Bullying menjadi sebuah isu pendidikan global dimana hampir semua negara di dunia mempunyai masalah seperti itu. Ada beberapa perbedaan keberadaan bullying di Indonesia dengan di dunia barat, salah satu adalah pelaku bullying di Indonesia lebih didominasi oleh guru/pendidik, sedangkan di dunia barat, pelaku Bullying lebih bervariatif, meliputi teman sebaya, guru ataupun family. Di penelitian ini, peneliti lebih memfokuskan dalam kasus Bullying yang melibatkan Guru dan murid, karena kedua komponen tersebut menjadi pihak yang saling terkait satu sama lain secara langsung.
Di penelitian ini, peneliti mengambil jenis penelitian library research dan mengambil data primer dari dua buku, Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam, karangan Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan dan Bullying: The Bullies, The Victims and the Bystanders, karangan Sandra Harris. Kedua buku tersebut dianggap mewakili bentuk pemikiran Barat dan Islam mengenai Bullying.
Penelitian ini berfokus pada (1) Untuk mengetahui konsep Bullying menurut Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan dan Sandra Harris. (2) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsep Bullying menurut Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan dan Sandra Harris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan konsep, keberadaan dan solusi mengenai Bullying antara Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan dan Sandra Harris. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui mengumpulkan artikel – artikel, data dan journal mengenai Bullying. Untuk menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis comparative kualitatif, yaitu dengan membandingkan data hasil penelitian dengan data dari sumber yang berbeda.
Hasil penelitian mengatakan bahwa, konsep Bullying, menurut Abdullah Nasikh Ulwan adalah salah satu metode dalam pendidikan melalui kekerasan atau hukuman. Meskipun metode ini diperbolehkan, metode ini merupakan metode terakhir untuk mendidik anak dan disertai dengan persyaratan yang ketat untuk bisa diterapkan. Sedangkan Sandra Harris, dengan tegas menolak Bullying ataupun pendidikan dengan kekerasan, dikarenakan kekerasan dapat mengganggu mental dan psikologi anak
The Struggle of Black Womans to Fight Discrimination in the Hidden Figure Movie : A Feminism Approach
No full textHidden Figures was directed by Theodore Melfi. The film is based on a true story. This film tells the story of the struggle of three black women who experience discrimination and oppression of gender inequality to gain freedom and to achieve their dreams. The purpose of this study was to analyze the indicators of gender inequality struggles in the workplace experienced by African-American women as depicted in the film Hidden Figures. To support the discussion of this thesis, the author collected data using feminist approach theory and observation methods. The author examines the main cast in the film's fight against discrimination. The author analyzes black feminism in the workplace using George Eliot's theory. The findings of this thesis suggest that the main character of the film exemplifies black feminism. The importance of black feminism in raising awareness of black women can lead to significant improvements in their lives
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