1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Electrophysiological characterization and interplay of TRPC1 channels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Full text linkIn many non-excitable cells, which do not generate action potentials by themselves, extracellular chemical signals, like hormones and neurotransmitters, are transduced into membrane depolarizations, which in turn activate voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. Hormones and their GPCRs activate transient receptor potential TRPC channels, which allow Na+ and Ca2+ influx, initiating Ca2+-dependent signalling pathways and, in addition, depolarize the plasma membrane and thereby activate CaV channels. To be able to investigate the interplay of TRPC and CaV channels the present study focused on the electrophysiological characterization of L- and T-type CaVs, their β subunits and TRPC ion channels, especially TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC4/TRPC1 and TRPC5/TRPC1.
Expression of TRPC1 wild-type or TRPC1 with mutations at the putative lower gate in HEK-cells did not reveal any detectable current. However, TRPC1 coexpressed with TRPC4 reveals functional heteromeric TRPC4/TRPC1 channels with altered biophysical properties as compared to monomeric TRPC4. While most of the TRPC1 mutations had no effect, TRPC1 V741A significantly increased TRPC4/TRPC1 currents. In addition, chimeras of TRPC4 backbone with TRPC1 pore revealed constitutive activity, sensitive to the TRPC blocker SKF 96365. The results suggest that TRPC1 contributes to the pore in TRPC4/TRPC1 heteromers and can form a permeable constitutive active channel pore itself.
A subset of pituitary cells functionally expresses heteromeric TRPC5/TRPC1 channels. Pituitary cells isolated from TRPC1-deficient mice revealed homomeric TRPC5 currents with altered current-voltage relationship, lower amplitudes and higher Ca2+ permeability as compared to TRPC5/TRPC1 heteromeric channels in wild-type. Thus, TRPC1 modulates activity and Ca2+ permeability of TRPC5 in vivo and thereby the Ca2+ influx in pituitary cells.
Auxiliary subunits, the CaVβ proteins, are required for the function of CaV channels. To study the impact of CaVβ subunits on the function of L- and T-type CaV channels, different β subunits were coexpressed with the CaVs in HEK-cells. CaVβ2 splice variants increased the L-type CaV1.2 current, but did not significantly affect T-type CaV3.2 currents, whereas CaVβ3 significantly inhibit CaV3.2 currents. In addition, CaVβ3 serves Ca2+ channel independent functions in fibroblasts, where I could not detect CaV currents and where CaVβ3 changes the sensitivity of the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor for low concentrations of IP3.
CaV3.2 currents are also inhibited by Englerin A (EA; EC50 222 nM), which had so far assumed to be a specific agonist of TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC4/TRPC1 and TRPC5/TRPC1 channels. An electrophysiological characterization of a CaV3.2 mutant, identified in a Spanish family and linked to hyper-aldosteronism and hypertension is ongoing.In vielen nicht erregbaren Zellen, die selbst keine Aktionspotentiale erzeugen, werden extrazelluläre chemische Signale wie beispielsweise Hormone und Neurotransmitter in Membrandepolarisationen umgewandelt, die wiederum spannungsabhängige Calcium Kanäle aktivieren. Die Hormone beziehungsweise die durch sie stimulierten GPCRs können transiente Rezeptorpotential TRPC Kanäle aktivieren, was einen Na+- und Ca2+-Einstrom ermöglicht. Der Ca2+-Einstrom initiiert Ca2+-abhängige Signalwege, und der Na+-Einstrom führt zur Depolarisation der Plasmamembran wodurch spannungsgesteuerte Ca2+ (CaV) Kanäle aktiviert werden. Um das Zusammenspiel von TRPC und CaV Kanälen untersuchen zu können, konzentrierte sich die vorliegende Studie auf die elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung von CaVs vom L- und T-Typ, ihren β-Untereinheiten und von TRPC Ionenkanälen, insbesondere TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC4/TRPC1 und TRPC5/TRPC1.
Die Expression von TRPC1 Wildtyp oder TRPC1 mit Mutationen am mutmaßlichen unteren Gate ergab in HEK-Zellen keinen nachweisbaren Strom. Mit TRPC4 coexprimiert führt TRPC1 jedoch zu funktionellen heteromeren TRPC4/TRPC1 Kanälen, die veränderte biophysikalische Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu monomerem TRPC4 aufweisen. Während die meisten TRPC1 Mutationen keine Wirkung auf TRPC4/TRPC1 Ströme hatten, erhöhte TRPC1 V741A die TRPC4/TRPC1 Ströme signifikant. Zusätzlich zeigten Chimären des TRPC4-Rückgrats mit TRPC1-Poren eine konstitutive Aktivität, die mit dem TRPC-Blocker SKF 96365 inhibiert werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass TRPC1 zur Pore in TRPC4/TRPC1-heteromeren Kanälen beiträgt und selbst eine Ionenpermeable konstitutiv aktive Kanalpore bilden kann.
Ein Teil von Hypophysenzellen exprimiert funktionell heteromere TRPC5/TRPC1 Kanäle. Aus TRPC1-defizienten Mäusen isolierte Hypophysenzellen zeigten homomere TRPC5 Ströme mit veränderter Strom-Spannungs-Beziehung, niedrigeren Amplituden und höherer Ca2+-Permeabilität im Vergleich zu heteromeren TRPC5/TRPC1 Kanälen in Wildtyp Hypophysenzellen. Somit moduliert TRPC1 die Aktivität und Ca2+-Permeabilität von TRPC5 in vivo und damit den Ca2+-Einstrom in die Hypophysenzellen.
Die CaVβ-Proteine werden für die Funktion von CaV Kanälen benötigt. Um den Einfluss von CaVβ-Untereinheiten auf die Funktion von CaV Kanälen vom L- und T-Typ zu untersuchen, wurden verschiedene β-Untereinheiten mit den CaVs in HEK-Zellen coexprimiert. CaVβ2-Spleißvarianten erhöhten den CaV1.2 Strom vom L-Typ, beeinflussten jedoch die CaV3.2 Ströme vom T-Typ nicht signifikant, während CaVβ3 die CaV3.2 Ströme signifikant inhibierte. Darüber hinaus erfüllt CaVβ3 CaV-unabhängige Funktionen in Fibroblasten, bei denen ich keinen CaV Strom nachweisen
Zusammenfassung
XXV
konnte und bei denen CaVβ3 die Empfindlichkeit des Inositoltrisphosphat (IP3) Rezeptors für niedrige IP3-Konzentrationen verändert. CaV3.2 Ströme werden auch durch Englerin A (EA, EC50 222 nM) gehemmt. Für EA wurde bisher angenommen, dass es ein spezifischer Agonist von TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC4/TRPC1 und TRPC5/TRPC1 Kanälen ist.
Die elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung einer CaV3.2 Mutante, die in einer spanischen Familie identifiziert und mit Hyperaldosteronismus und Hypertonie in Verbindung gebracht wurde, ist noch nicht abgeschlossen.
Der Anhang enthält zusätzliche Experimente zu den im Ergebnissteil beschriebenen Daten
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
