1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Marine Biofouling: Non-Indigenous Species and Management Across Sectors
No full textThe biofouling of submerged anthropogenic surfaces and factors that contribute to the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) have both received substantial attention from researchers, regulators and the private sector focused on understanding their economic, social and environmental consequences. This work has informed the development and implementation of sustainable management approaches, for the prevention of a range of harmful impacts. All marine commercial and recreational sectors deal with biofouling and its varied but typically undesirable consequences. Similarly, almost all marine resource managers, from local to global scale, are concerned with the threat of invasive species and their vectors. This review is an effort by the GESAMP WG 44 to look at the interface between these two pervasive challenges. Various strategies and tools to prevent, reduce or manage biofouling have been developed and adopted. The intent ofthese efforts has been primarily to combat the direct negative consequences of biofouling communities on the performance and structural integrity ofthe surfaces to which the communities attach. The potential for biofouling to be a vector for invasive species has usually been a secondary consideration. Although the strategies, tools and associated regulatory measures are typically developed by experts working within a specific aquatic sector, uptake of successful actions by other sectors is common. Currently, all of the strategies, tools or regulatory measures have both strengths and limitations, which can vary greatly with the context in which they are applied. This report first reviews the more general consequences of biofouling (Chapter 2) and the strengths and limitations of the most common strategies, technical measures and policies for preventing and managing biofouling (Chapter 3). This information sets the context in which to examine how effectively each commercial and recreational sector currently can deal with biofouling, its impacts and the potential unintended consequences of antifouling or biofouling removal approaches. This examination was conducted sector by sector (Chapter 4), because some strengths or weaknesses of each individual measure or policy may affect suitability and performance differently in the various marine sectors. Moreover, although biofouling may present a pathway for movement of NIS in each sector, the primary risks associated with each sector may also differ. Thus, within Chapter 4, for each sector, the report examines which policies, measures and regulatory actions are commonly used, the rationales for the preferences, and how these choices affect the potential for the sector to manage the risk of transfer of NIS through biofouling. Opportunities to increase the effectiveness in preventing or reducing the transmission of invasive species through adapting improving existing policies, measures and regulations, or adopting additional ones, are highlighted. The sectors examined are vessels (subdivided into shipping, fishing and recreational sectors), aquaculture, marine offshore energy, offshore renewable energy, ocean-observing infrastructure (i.e. monitoring and research instrumentation) and marine debris.The report finds that, for each sector, there is no single ‘best solution’. Various combinations of policies, measures and regulations are necessary for the effective prevention or control of biofouling and NIS. Regulatory frameworks with clear standards can contribute to managing the risk of biofouling as a pathway for the spread of invasive species but must be appropriate for the sector. Effective frameworks also must be supported by adequate monitoring and capacity to ensure compliance, regularly updated as additional knowledge and innovations become available, and must not cause other unintended environmental consequences. Moreover, performance will remain context-specific even for combinations of measures, making ongoing monitoring, information sharing within and among sectors and adaptive management essential. Some of these emergent lessons and priority knowledge gaps are summarized in Chapter 5
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Marine Biofouling: Non-Indigenous Species and Management Across Sectors
No full textThe biofouling of submerged anthropogenic surfaces and factors that contribute to the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) have both received substantial attention from researchers, regulators and the private sector focused on understanding their economic, social and environmental consequences. This work has informed the development and implementation of sustainable management approaches, for the prevention of a range of harmful impacts. All marine commercial and recreational sectors deal with biofouling and its varied but typically undesirable consequences. Similarly, almost all marine resource managers, from local to global scale, are concerned with the threat of invasive species and their vectors. This review is an effort by the GESAMP WG 44 to look at the interface between these two pervasive challenges. Various strategies and tools to prevent, reduce or manage biofouling have been developed and adopted. The intent ofthese efforts has been primarily to combat the direct negative consequences of biofouling communities on the performance and structural integrity ofthe surfaces to which the communities attach. The potential for biofouling to be a vector for invasive species has usually been a secondary consideration. Although the strategies, tools and associated regulatory measures are typically developed by experts working within a specific aquatic sector, uptake of successful actions by other sectors is common. Currently, all of the strategies, tools or regulatory measures have both strengths and limitations, which can vary greatly with the context in which they are applied. This report first reviews the more general consequences of biofouling (Chapter 2) and the strengths and limitations of the most common strategies, technical measures and policies for preventing and managing biofouling (Chapter 3). This information sets the context in which to examine how effectively each commercial and recreational sector currently can deal with biofouling, its impacts and the potential unintended consequences of antifouling or biofouling removal approaches. This examination was conducted sector by sector (Chapter 4), because some strengths or weaknesses of each individual measure or policy may affect suitability and performance differently in the various marine sectors. Moreover, although biofouling may present a pathway for movement of NIS in each sector, the primary risks associated with each sector may also differ. Thus, within Chapter 4, for each sector, the report examines which policies, measures and regulatory actions are commonly used, the rationales for the preferences, and how these choices affect the potential for the sector to manage the risk of transfer of NIS through biofouling. Opportunities to increase the effectiveness in preventing or reducing the transmission of invasive species through adapting improving existing policies, measures and regulations, or adopting additional ones, are highlighted. The sectors examined are vessels (subdivided into shipping, fishing and recreational sectors), aquaculture, marine offshore energy, offshore renewable energy, ocean-observing infrastructure (i.e. monitoring and research instrumentation) and marine debris.The report finds that, for each sector, there is no single ‘best solution’. Various combinations of policies, measures and regulations are necessary for the effective prevention or control of biofouling and NIS. Regulatory frameworks with clear standards can contribute to managing the risk of biofouling as a pathway for the spread of invasive species but must be appropriate for the sector. Effective frameworks also must be supported by adequate monitoring and capacity to ensure compliance, regularly updated as additional knowledge and innovations become available, and must not cause other unintended environmental consequences. Moreover, performance will remain context-specific even for combinations of measures, making ongoing monitoring, information sharing within and among sectors and adaptive management essential. Some of these emergent lessons and priority knowledge gaps are summarized in Chapter 5
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