252 research outputs found
Monocanna ovale Wang & Lin & Xu & Guo & Huang 2019, comb. nov.
No full textMonocanna ovale (Mayer, 1900) comb. nov. (Figs 6, 14–15) Multioralis ovalis Mayer, 1900: 54–55, pl. 30, figs. 129–130. Gastroblasta ovalis: Mayer, 1910: 281, pl. 35, figs. 7–8. Gastroblasta ovale: Bouillon et al., 2006: 417; Xu et al., 2012: 310, fig. 3. 48; Xu et al., 2014: 717, fig. 616a–b. Phialidium ovale: Kramp, 1961: 171; Xu & Huang, 1983: 101–102, pl. 1, figs. 1–2; Li & Chen, 1991: 90. Clytia ovalis: Guo et al., 2008: 231; Tang & Gao, 2008: 319. Material examined. 3 specimens (AOB-HL328–330) collected from Dapeng Bay, northern of the South China Sea, station V 4 (22°35 ˊ N, 114°19 ˊ E), depth 13.5 m, 26 August 2018, coll. Zike Zhao, Guanjie Min and Shihao Deng. Diagnosis. The species is different from others by following: umbrella elliptical in outline; a straight canal along major axis of bell; with 2 to 4 manubria along a straight canal; no centripetal canal; two small gonads near ends of canal; 12–25 short marginal tentacles; marginal statocysts slightly more numerous than tentacles, with one concretion. Description. Umbrella 2.4–4.0 mm in width, flat, elliptical or hemispherical; with a slender circular canal, and a straight canal along major axis of bell; with 2–4 manubria, 2 equally developed large manubria on either side of center of subumbrella, upon straight canal, and 2 small manubria upon same canal centrifugally away from larger manubria; without centripetal canal; 2 small gonads upon near ends of canal; with 12 to 25 short, simple, coiled marginal tentacles with well-developed basal bulbs; statocysts slightly more numerous than tentacles, usually 1, but occasionally 2, being found between each successive pair of tentacles, each with one concretion; velum simple and quite broad. Distribution. Haichang on the Jiulong River Estuary of Fujian (Xu & Huang, 1983); Dapeng Bay of Shenzhen and Beibu Gulf (Guo et al., 2008) of the northern South China Sea; Nansha Island (Li & Chen, 1991) of the southern South China Sea; Tortugas, Florida on the east coast of North America (Mayer, 1900); Brazil (Kramp, 1961). Remarks. This species was reported by Mayer (1900) as Multioralis ovalis from Tortugas, Florida, USA. Then, it was redescribed in detail (Mayer,1910), and transferred from the genus Multioralis to the genus Gastroblasta by having 2 or more radial canal and more than one manubrium. Kramp (1961) indicated that ovale could not be placed in the genus Gastroblasta, because its medusa had not centripetal canals and with numerous statocysts, and regarded it as an abnormal species of Phialidium (a junior synonym of Clytia). However, the change was not well accepted and the species was reported under Gastroblasta, Phialidium and by different scholars. Although only 10 specimens were obtained from the Dapeng Bay, their good preservation provides enough morphological evidences to us. A redescription of Monocanna ovale (Mayer, 1900) comb. nov. is done here as the type species of the genus Monocanna Xu, Guo &Wang, gen. nov. Funding The work is supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201403008), Foundation for Distinguished Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong, China (YQ2014002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41876180), Global Climate Change and Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Research: the Marine Biological Sample Museum Upgrade and Expansion (GASI-01-02-04) and Biological Classification System Research. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mr. Weidi Yang and Mr. Dingxun Wu, from Xiamen University, for their help in digital image processing. We also thank the Associate Editor, Fuqiang Chen, and anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions.Published as part of Wang, Xuefeng, Lin, Kun, Xu, Zhenzu, Guo, Donghui & Huang, Jiaqi, 2019, Some new Hydroidomedusa (Cnidaria) from the northern South China Sea, pp. 191-205 in Zoological Systematics 44 (3) on pages 202-203, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201923, http://zenodo.org/record/536645
Notice of Retraction: Study of the relationship between voluntary assurance of internal control and quality of information disclosure — An empirical analysis of a-share companies listed in main board of Shenzhen stock exchange from 2008 to 2009
No full textDynamic Capacity Allocation for Airlines with Multi-Channel Distribution
No full textIn 2017, China's online e-commerce sales has already reached 29.16 trillion Yuan. While gaining huge benefits, it also poses great challenges for each industry. One of the biggest challenge is the change of sales channels. Of course, there are also huge opportunities between them. Among them, it is a huge impact on the perishable products industry such as the airline industry and the hotel industry. Because of the perishable of the product, both hotels and airlines want to be able to sell the product for a limited period of time and gain considerable benefits. Therefore, at the beginning of the industry, airlines and hotels hoped to sell their products through more channels and attracted channels to sell products by paying their commission fee. With the rapid development of e-commerce, more and more online channels are replacing traditional offline channels. The change of channels has brought great challenges to airline management and costs. For example, although online channels absorb more customer demand, the commission costs of airlines have increased significantly. In addition to the cost pressures imposed on airlines, the increase in channels has brought conflicts between channels and between channels and airlines. Some of the channels' behaviour has caused great losses to the airlines. For example: change the condition of retreat fee, increase ticket or room price, maliciously reduce the price to compete with the airline and so on. These behaviours have affected the airline's reputation and have also brought losses to the airlines. In order to deal with the challenges of online agents, the airline has also taken some corresponding measures, such as the opening of online direct marketing websites, direct sales APP and so on. However, the effect has not been very good and it is difficult to compete with online agents who have customer volume.
At the same time, we also see that the airline industry and hotels are also facing great competitive pressure. For example, the high-speed rail increases the competitive of civil transport markets. High-speed trains generally have higher on-time rates than aircraft and also high-speed rail stations are generally more convenient for customers in the city. Therefore, for passengers, high-speed rail has advantages in short trips. In addition, the emergence of low-cost airlines has also intensified competition in the civil aviation industry such as China's Spring Airlines, Europe's Easyjet and Ryanair. Therefore, recently reducing channel distribution costs has been concerned for many airlines which are facing fierce competition in airline markets.
In a long period since the 1970s, capacity control has always played a pivotal role in defining airlines market strategy. However, when airlines select distribution channels and make capacity allocation decisions, they still separately make different decisions. Hence, when a customer purchases a ticket from a channel with an appropriate fare class, the channel might not be an optimal channel from the airlines' perspective. When the airline sells a ticket in a right channel, the ticket price is probably not a right fare. Therefore, how to establish a better channel and fare class capacity control model has become the key for airlines to increase revenue.
This thesis is a study based on the above issues. The main work includes the following aspects:
At first, we studied the single-leg capacity allocation problem that considers the channel factor. Although the network revenue management has a lot of academic research and has been applied in international routes, for many domestic routes airlines still basically use single-leg revenue management system. In addition, from the historical development of revenue management, the single-leg revenue management model is the basic model of all revenue management models. Therefore, it is important to first establish a single-leg revenue management model that considers the channel issues. In this study, we will integrate channel distribution into dynamic capacity control model. The model can make channel decisions in conjunction with inventory and this is similar to the procedure shown in pure capacity allocation. The study has proposed an optimal policy basing on bid price that incorporates commission fee, price, and capacity. The numerical experiment results illustrate that introducing the channel distribution into airline revenue system can significantly improve the revenues and efficiently reduce the channel distribution cost for airlines. The numerical experiments demonstrate that airline revenues will increase more than 3% in a simple integrated system with two channels compared to the independent model. This study also analyses the reasons for improvements in different situations (such as multi-channels have better improvements than a single-channel and the model has a better match of channels and fare classes) so that management insights are obtained for airlines.
Secondly, we analyse customer demand behaviours and we find that customers will experience demand transfer behaviours when facing channels. In the Internet age, due to more transparent information, the customer's transfer behaviour has been continuously expanded. For customers, the transfer of channels is more likely to occur than the transfer of fare classes because they do not need to pay for it. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a better revenue management model to consider the customer's channel transfer behaviour.In this part, we added customer channel transfer behaviour based on the original single-leg dynamic capacity allocation model that considers channel issues. We also developed the optimal policy for this model and made some numerical experiments. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the customer shift behaviour can influence the results of the model and subsequently the decisions of airlines. In the general numerical result, the new model can increase 1.23% than the above channel model. At the same time, through the analysis of the results, the airlines are provided with corresponding suggestions to face the customer's choice behaviour. For example, the airline needs to increase the customer's transfer rate through some methods, such as joining a price comparison network and increasing policy incentives.
Thirdly, on the base of single-leg model, we propose a new network dynamic model to integrate network revenue management and channel distribution. To take a network structure airline, the airlines can make more revenue benefits comparing the single-leg method. Although the network dynamic model can make more improvements, the exact optimization is impossible for practical purposes because of the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, we use determined linear programming method for approximating to dynamic model. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the airline revenues can increase more than 3% in a simple network when the commission rate is 15% compared to the traditional network model.
In addition to the above studies, the paper also summarizes the original literature on revenue management and channel issues and proposes future research directions
Reduced order derivation of the two-dimensional band structure of a mixed-mode resonator array
No full textEmerg Infect Dis
No full textRabies is a severe zoonotic disease in China, but the circulation and distribution of rabies virus (RABV) within animal reservoirs is not well understood. We report the results of 15 years of surveillance of the first Chinese Rabies Surveillance Plan in animal populations, in which animal brain tissues collected during 2004-2018 were tested for RABV and phylogenetic and spatial-temporal evolutionary analyses performed using obtained RABV sequences. The results have provided the most comprehensive dataset to date on the infected animal species, geographic distribution, transmission sources, and genetic diversity of RABVs in China. In particular, the transboundary transmission of emerging RABV subclades between China and neighboring countries was confirmed. The study highlights the importance of continuous animal rabies surveillance in monitoring the transmission dynamics, and provides updated information for improving current control and prevention strategies at the source
Конфуціанство і дизайн традиційного китайського сільського поселення: впливи, цінності, сучасне значення
No full textThe article explores how Confucianism and the Confucian concept of the clan influenced the design of architectural styles of rural settlements, the spatial forms of traditional settlements, which are harmonious, in sharp contrast to the large number of similar settlements with chaotic layouts. Individual houses and courtyards make up a coherent and orderly "single" system of a zigzag structure, making its internal functions clear and rational. The author analyzes the perception of the space of traditional Chinese settlements from the standpoint of balanced relations between people and nature, which are promoted by Confucianism. The author proposes a concept of settlement space that is relevant to the present, meets the modern needs of ecodesign and the principles of preserving the ecological criteria of coexistence on the planet, and reveals the influence of a doctrine that emerged more than 2 thousand years ago. The scientific contribution of this paper is a study of the Chinese interdisciplinary scientific discourse on the influence of Confucianism on the formation of Chinese settlement design traditions and, at the same time, emphasizes the importance of Confucianism's ideas and meanings in relation to the interaction of people outside their homes, in particular, in social relations. The importance of human dignity, family values and rights, and the creation of a harmonious and orderly social environment are components of the Confucian design, which is inherent in the style of settlements and social relations. It is noted that this design reflects traditional thinking embodied in various types of life activities that are guided by Confucianism and imperceptibly promote the idea of etiquette and order, so that education and space are closely combined in the Chinese socio-cultural space. The materials of the article are useful for those who study design in higher education institutions or are engaged in scientific research on the impact of philosophical ideas and deep meanings on everyday life.У статті досліджується як конфуціанство та конфуціанська концепція клану вплинули на дизайн архітектурних стилів сільських поселень, на просторові форми традиційних поселень, які є гармонійними, що різко контрастує з великою кількістю подібних поселень з хаотичним плануванням. Окремі житлові будинки та дворища складають цілісну і впорядковану "єдину" систему зигзагоподібної структури, роблячи її внутрішні функції зрозумілими і раціональними. Здійснено аналіз сприйняття простору традиційних китайських поселень з позиції збалансованих відносин між людьми і природою, які пропагуються конфуціанством. Пропонується концепція простору поселення, яка актуальна для сьогодення, відповідає сучасним потребам екодизайну та принципам збереження екологічних критеріїв співжиття на планеті й виявляє вплив вчення, яке виникло більше 2 тис. років тому. Науковим внеском даної роботи є дослідження китайського міждисциплінарного наукового дискурсу щодо впливу конфуціанства на формування традицій китайського дизайну поселень та, водночас, підкреслюється значення ідей та сенсів конфуціанства по відношенню до взаємодії людей поза межами їх помешкань, зокрема, у соціальних зв’язках. Важливість людської гідності, сімейних цінностей та прав, створення гармонійного та впорядкованого соціального середовища є складовими створеного конфуціанством дизайну, властивого і стилю поселень і соціальним стосункам. Зазначено, що цей дизайн відображає традиційне мислення, втілене в різних видах життєдіяльності, які керуються конфуціанством і непомітно пропагують ідею етикету і порядку, так що освіта і простір тісно поєднуються у китайському соціокультурному просторі. Матеріали статті корисні для тих, хто вивчає дизайн у вищих навчальних закладах або займається науковими дослідженнями впливу філософських ідей, глибинних сенсів на повсякдення
Author response: Specific Eph receptor-cytoplasmic effector signaling mediated by SAM–SAM domain interactions
No full textDynamic capacity allocation for airlines with multi-channel distribution
No full textDue to fierce competition in markets, recently, many airlines have faced the challenge of reducing channel distribution costs. However, channel distribution decisions are often made separately from inventory allocation decisions in practice. Thus, in this study, we propose a dynamic programming model to derive the optimal policy and investigate customer-shift behaviours in a problem setting with the above two issues combined. The numerical experiment results illustrate that introducing the channel distribution into the airline revenue system significantly improves the revenues and efficiently reduces the channel distribution costs. The improvement comes mainly from a better match between channels and fare classes and a subsequent risk reduction of revenue losses.</p
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