1,720,980 research outputs found
Sharing to Grow: Economic Activity Associated with Nice Ride Bike Share Stations
No full textProfessional paper for the fulfillment of the Master of Urban and Regional PlanningThis study examines local economic activity associated with bike sharing programs through a mixed methods
investigation of the Nice Ride Minnesota bike share system. The literature on bike share systems is rapidly growing,
but little information about the ways in which ridership is both influenced by the presence of businesses and
influences those businesses is available. This research provides new information about economic aspects of bike
share operations by (1) measuring the marginal effects of the presence of different types of businesses and job
accessibility on station activity while controlling for other variables; (2) reporting the perceptions of business owners
and managers about the effects of a nearby Nice Ride station on these businesses; and (3) using survey results to
describe Nice Ride users’ trip making and expenditure patterns.
We observed a statistically significant relationship between station trip activity and the number of food-related
businesses and job accessibility within a bike share station area. Business owners and managers corroborated these
findings by revealing general positive attitudes toward Nice Ride users as customers, although interviewees were
ambivalent when asked if they would trade parking or sidewalk cafe space for a Nice Ride station. The user survey
revealed that respondents use bike sharing to go to cafes, restaurants, grocery stores, concerts, bars, and the like,
and they spend modest amounts of money on these trips. The availability of Nice Ride stations mainly supports mode
shifts (e.g., people who choose to bike rather than drive or walk) but it also may induce some new trips. The
principal economic effect may be the reallocation of user expenditures to businesses that are more accessible to
more people because of the nearby stations.Schoner, Jessica; Harrison, R. Andrew; Wang, Xize. (2012). Sharing to Grow: Economic Activity Associated with Nice Ride Bike Share Stations. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/135470
The Minnesota Bicycle and Pedestrian Counting Initiative: Methodologies for Non-motorized Traffic Monitoring
Full text linkThe purpose of this project was to develop methodologies for monitoring non-motorized traffic in Minnesota. The project included an inventory of bicycle and pedestrian monitoring programs; development of guidance for manual, field counts; pilot field counts in 43 Minnesota communities; and analyses of automated, continuous-motorized counts from locations in Minneapolis. The analyses showed hourly, daily, and monthly patterns are comparable despite variation in volumes and that adjustment factors can be used to extrapolate short-term counts and estimate annual traffic. The project technical advisory panel made five recommendations: (1) MnDOT should continue and institutionalize coordination of annual statewide manual bicycle and pedestrian counts; (2) MnDOT should improve methods for reporting results of field counts and explore web-based programs for data reporting and analysis; (3) MnDOT should lead efforts to deploy and demonstrate the feasibility of new automated technologies for bicycle and pedestrian counting, focusing on new technologies not presently used in Minnesota; (4) MnDOT should begin integration of non-motorized traffic counts from existing automated, continuous counters in Minneapolis into its new databases for vehicular traffic monitoring data; and (5) MnDOT should work with local governments and explore institutional arrangements for (a) establishing a network of permanent, automated continuous monitoring sites across the state and (b) sharing and deploying new technologies for short-duration monitoring to generate traffic counts that provide a more comprehensive understanding of spatial variation in nonmotorized traffic volumes.Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota; Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern CaliforniaLindsey, Greg; Hankey, Steve; Wang, Xize; Chen, Junzhou. (2013). The Minnesota Bicycle and Pedestrian Counting Initiative: Methodologies for Non-motorized Traffic Monitoring. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/162791
Understanding the Use of Non-Motorized Transportation Facilities
No full textTraffic counts and models for describing use of non-motorized facilities such as sidewalks, bike lanes, and trails are generally unavailable. Because transportation officials lack the data and tools needed to estimate use of facilities, their ability to make evidence-based choices among investment alternatives is limited. This report describes and assesses manual and automated methods of counting non-motorized traffic; summarizes counts of cyclists and pedestrians in Minneapolis, Minnesota; develops scaling factors to describe temporal patterns in non-motorized traffic volumes; validates models for estimating traffic using ordinary least squares and negative binomial regressions; and estimates bicycle and pedestrian traffic volumes for every street in Minneapolis. Research shows that automated counters are sufficiently accurate for most purposes. Automated counter error rates vary as a function of type of technology and traffic mode and volume. Across all locations, mean pedestrian traffic (51/hour) exceeded mean bicycle traffic (38/hour) by 35 percent. One-hour counts were highly correlated with 12-hour "daily" counts. Significant correlates of non-motorized traffic vary by mode and include weather (temperature, precipitation), neighborhood socio-demographics (household income, education), built environment characteristics (land use mix), and street (or bicycle facility) type. When controlling for these factors, bicycle traffic, but not pedestrian traffic, increased over time and was higher on streets with bicycle facilities than without (and highest on off-street facilities). These new models can be used to estimate non-motorized traffic where counts are unavailable and to estimate changes associated with infrastructure improvements.Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of MinnesotaLindsey, Greg; Hoff, Kristopher; Hankey, Steve; Wang, Xize. (2012). Understanding the Use of Non-Motorized Transportation Facilities. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/132499
Feasibility of Using GPS to Track Bicycle Lane Positioning
No full textResearchers have shown that GPS units in smartphones can be used to identify routes taken by cyclists, including whether cyclists deviate from shortest paths to use bike lanes and other facilities. Researchers previously have not reported whether GPS tracking can be used to monitor whether and how bicyclists actually use lanes on streets, where these lanes have been provided, or other types of facilities. The objective of this research was to determine whether smartphone GPS units or enhanced GPS units could be used to track and map the location of cyclists on streets. The research team modified an open-source smartphone application (CycleTracks) to integrate with a higher-quality external GPS unit. Cyclists then mounted the smartphone with route-tracking applications to bicycles and repeatedly rode four different routes. The routes for the field tests were chosen because each included a striped lane for bicycle traffic and because the routes bisected a variety of built urban environments, ranging from an open location on a bridge over the Mississippi River to a narrow urban street lined by tall, multi-story office buildings. The field tests demonstrated that neither the smartphone GPS units nor the higher-quality external GPS receiver generate data accurate enough to monitor bicyclists’ use of bike lanes or other facilities. This lack of accuracy means that researchers interested in obtaining data about the propensity of cyclists to ride in lanes, when available, must rely on other technologies to obtain data for analyses.Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of MinnesotaLindsey, Greg; Hankey, Steve; Wang, Xize; Chen, Junzhou; Gorjestani, Alec. (2013). Feasibility of Using GPS to Track Bicycle Lane Positioning. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/148996
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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