1,720,954 research outputs found
Diagnostic evaluation and uncertainty quantification of earth and environmental systems models
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural fields through bioresource management
No full textEfficient bioresource management can alter soil biochemistry and soil physical properties, leading to reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of organic amendments including biodigestate (BD), biochar (BC), and their combinations with inorganic fertilizer (IF) in increasing carbon sequestration potential and mitigation of GHG emissions from potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields. Six soil amendments including BD, BC, IF, and their combinations BDIF and BCIF, and control (C) were replicated four times under a completely randomized block design during the 2021 growing season of potatoes in Prince Edward Island, Canada. An LI-COR gas analyzer was used to monitor emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from treatment plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results depicted higher soil moisture-holding capacities in plots at relatively lower elevations and comparatively lesser volumetric moisture content in plots at higher elevations. Soil moisture was also impacted by soil temperature and rainfall events. There was a significant effect of events of data collection, i.e., the length of the growing season (p-value ≤ 0.05) on soil surface temperature, leading to increased GHG emissions during the summer months. ANOVA results also revealed that BD, BC, and BCIF significantly (p-value ≤ 0.05) sequestered more soil organic carbon than other treatments. The six experimental treatments and twelve data collection events had significant effects (p-value ≤ 0.05) on the emission of CO2. However, the BD plots had the least emissions of CO2 followed by BC plots, and the emissions increased with an increase in atmospheric/soil temperature. Results concluded that organic fertilizers and their combinations with inorganic fertilizers help to reduce the emissions from the agricultural soils and enhance environmental sustainability.Atlantic Canada Opportunities AgencyDepartment of Environment, Energy and Climate Action, Government of Prince Edward Islan
Reporting evidence on the environmental and health impacts of climate change on Indigenous Peoples of Atlantic Canada: a systematic review
No full textWhile evidence of Indigenous Peoples’ climate knowledge and adaptation practices is readily
available in Canada, regional variations are poorly understood, and proper representation and
recognition in academic and planning contexts is scarce. Much less still is known about the health
and environmental impacts of climate change on these communities. This review sought to report
and assess the evidence of such impacts on Indigenous Peoples in Atlantic Canada over the past
two decades. Current published studies focused on Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge and
perceptions and highlight government policy for adaptation measurements. We systematically
searched publications between January 2002 and March 2022 from the Web of Science, PubMed,
Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases, screening for (1) environmental and (2) health
impacts of climate change on Indigenous Peoples. Fifty-six articles were selected and thoroughly
reviewed using the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. The quality of evidence
ranged from low to moderate, and the evidentiary foundation for links between climate change
and health effects was weak. We thus find an opportunity for future research to focus on
climate-related effects on the health and lands of Indigenous Peoples within Atlantic Canada,
especially concerning impacts on mental health
Environmental systems modelling and analysis under changing conditions
No full textEnvironmental systems models are essential for understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of various environmental issues (e.g., air pollution, water pollution, floods, droughts, and climate change). Most importantly, they are widely used to predict future outcomes of environmental systems in support of effective decision making and policy development. However, most of the models are based on a stationary condition which by default assumes that no significant changes will occur in the future. It has been reported frequently in recent years that such a stationary assumption no longer holds in the context of global climate change and intensive human activities. Many boundary conditions and internal parameters in these models have been changed over time, which leads to considerable uncertainty in future prediction. Therefore, addressing the changing conditions in the process of environmental system modelling and analysis is becoming one of the most challenging issues in the field.
This special issue aims to collect recent advances in methodologies, models, tools, and applications for environmental systems modelling and analysis under changing and/or uncertain conditions, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, land cover/use change, urbanization, and policy changes. In this special issue, we have published 6 papers which involve a variety of modelling approaches to address the changing and uncertain conditions in environmental systems. A brief introduction for each paper is provided as follows.
The paper entitled “Dynamic Evolution of Public’s Positive Emotions and Risk Perception for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Hubei Province of China” by Zhang et al. investigates how the COVID-19 dynamic situation affects the public’s risk perception and emotions. The social risk amplification framework is first used as the theoretical basis to collect and analyze the COVID-19 data in Hubei Province, China from January 20, 2020, to April 8, 2020. The autoregressive integrated moving average based time-series prediction model is then adopted to analyze the dynamic evolution and fluctuation trends of public positive emotion and risk perception during the initial development of the pandemic. The methodological framework introduced in this study can be potentially used for understanding the rapid and dynamic evolution of public emotion and risk perception in similar catastrophic and uncertain situations.
The paper entitled “Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for the Impact of Climate Change and Variation in the Water Management Sector of Sri Lanka” by Khaniya et al. aims to showcase the effectiveness and benefits of utilizing the ecosystem-based adaptation approach to help protect the water sector in Sri Lanka from the changing climate. In particular, a wide range of benefits in water supply regulation, water quality regulation, and moderation of extreme events have been identified through the implementation of ecosystem-based adaptation approach in the water management sector in Sri Lanka. This case study for Sri Lanka can provide an important scientific reference for other nations around the world to develop adaptative water management measures in the context of climate change.
The paper entitled “A Study on Evaluating Water Resources System Vulnerability by Reinforced Ordered Weighted Averaging Operator” by Suo et al. proposes a reinforced ordered weighted averaging operator by incorporating the extended ordered weighted average operator and principal component analysis into a multicriteria decision analysis framework. The proposed method is applied for assessing the vulnerability of a water resources system in Handan, China, in order to demonstrate its effectiveness in solving multicriteria decision analysis problems in environmental systems which usually involve multiple indictors and different weights.
The paper entitled “A Birandom Chance-Constrained Linear Programming Model for CCHP System Operation Management: A Case Study of Hotel in Shanghai, China” by Bao et al. proposes a birandom chance-constrained linear programming (BCCLP) model to help identify the optimal operation strategies for the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system under random uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed BCCLP model in handling the random uncertainties associated with the operation management of energy systems is demonstrated through a case study for a hotel-based gas-fired CCHP system in Shanghai, China.
The paper entitled “Pricing Decisions in Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Competitive Fairness-Concerned Collectors” by Shu et al. proposes a fairness concern utility system to help address the pricing issues in a closed-loop supply chain with one manufacturer, one retailer, and two competitive collectors. The influence of competitive strength and the degree of fairness-concerned collectors on the pricing decisions are studied through one centralized and four decentralized models. The methodological framework proposed in this study can be potentially used to help gain some managerial insights into the pricing decisions in environmental systems.
The paper entitled “An Inexact Inventory Theory-Based Water Resources Distribution Model for Yuecheng Reservoir, China” by Suo et al. proposes an inexact inventory theory-based water resources distribution model to help optimize the water allocation management practices. The proposed model integrates the techniques of inventory model, inexact two-stage stochastic programming, and interval-fuzzy mathematics programming into a general modelling framework to deal with multiple uncertainties and policy scenarios related to reservoir-based water allocation issues. A case study for the Yuecheng Reservoir in the Zhanghe River Basin, China, is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
We hope that the readers will find this special issue interesting and the published papers will stimulate further research advancement in environmental systems modelling and analysis under changing and uncertain conditions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
