324 research outputs found
The emergence of clusters in societal transition : a coevolutionary perspective on the TCM cluster at Tonghua/China
No full textNew industries are recognized as new impetus to national wealth. At the same time, they are increasingly becoming geographically concentrated in some well defined areas. But current studies on the emergence of industrial clusters tend to analyze favorable driving factors. This dissertation takes the example of a Chinese endogenous industrial cluster, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cluster at Tonghua, a small peripheral city in Northeastern China, to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the emergence of industrial cluster as a co-evolutionary process of organizations, institutions and firms, or, to put it more broadly, as economic evolution embedded in complex socio-economic contexts. The recent advance in evolutionary and co-evolutionary economics which considers the economy and economic landscape as dynamic process instead of equilibrium can be regarded as a part of broader and more intellectual turn of quest for history in social sciences. Although the principle of "history matters" is widely acknowledged, it tends to be reduced to a quite simple concept of "path dependence". However, path dependence cannot offer space for new path creation, except from an external shock. Accordingly, the role of human conscious action or Schumpeterian innovation should be added to path analysis through the concept of path creation. Furthermore, and more importantly, history should be understood as context, and historical context can be explored through the understanding of multi-paths and interaction among them over time. So path inter-dependence (co-evolution between paths) would be useful to better understand the complexity of real history. Since the industrial cluster is composed of interconnected firms and is also subject to changes in institution and technology, I will focus on the multi-way causal relationship between firm, institution and technology. The theorizing is not entirely new, but most of the theoretical and empirical discussions are at the national or industrial level, not regional or local one. A competitive cluster can be regarded as a co-evolutionary hotspot in which multiple populations actively interact and are interconnected. Co-evolution itself is a dynamic and evolutionary process. So I will adopt a dynamic and evolutionary view to examine co-evolutionary degree or co-evolutionary effects in the Tonghua pharmaceutical cluster through time. After a brief introduction which deals with the national institutional changes that are highly associated with new venture creation, entrepreneurship, and innovation, with registrations on drug and healthcare system, and with changes in market demand of China’s pharmaceutical industry and geographical distribution, I will collect evidences from three aspects based upon field survey and second hand data, i.e., the history of the enterprises, the origin of entrepreneurship, and the knowledge of evolution, linking their respective generative relationships through the genealogical method. In this volume, the evolution of the Tonghua pharmaceutical firm organization, the formation of local entrepreneurship, historical accumulation of knowledge, and particular knowledge of transfer among generations of firms will be discussed, then I will probe into co-adaption and co-evolution between local formal and informal institutions and organizations in Tonghua’s TCM industry. In addition, I will try to understand the co-evolutionary process at different geographical levels (namely, national and local). In summary, my main findings include the following several points. Firstly, in the course of the emergence of Tonghua’s pharmaceutical industry, local social networks and the traditional alliance between enterprises and government have played important roles. Secondly, the most important factor that influences the evolution of endogenous industrial clusters such as the Tonghua pharmaceutical industry in transitional countries is not the change in technology, but the change in fundamental national institutions. Thirdly, the success of the Tonghua pharmaceutical industry can be ascribed to the creation of multiple paths largely based on initial conditions, which implies that economic policy should have historical consciousness, namely, new economic innovation should make full use of both historical legacies and existing assets. Finally, it is co-adaption and co-selection of firm organization, institution, and technology that have jointly made Tonghua’s pharmaceutical industry become highly competitive, which means that whether one region can grasp new opportunities partially depends on its capabilities to coordinate a varity of development agents.Neue Industrien werden im Allgemeinen als Impuls der Entwicklung zu nationalem Wohlstand verstanden. Zugleich sind sie überwiegend an einigen geographisch genau definierten Orten konzentriert. Aktuelle Studien zur Emergenz dieser Industrie-Cluster neigen dazu, entsprechende begünstigende Faktoren zu analysieren. Mit dem Beispiel eines endogenen Clusters in China, dem Cluster der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) in Tonghua, will diese Dissertation zum theoretischen Verständnis der Emergenz von Industrie-Clustern unter der Perspektive eines ko-evolutorischen Prozesses von Form der Organisation, Institutionen und Unternehmen beitragen. Oder, um es etwas breiter auszudrücken, diese Emergenz als ökonomische Evolution zu verstehen, die in einen komplexen sozio-ökonomischen Kontext eingebettet ist. Obgleich der Vorstellung, Geschichte habe eine Bedeutung („history matters“), überwiegend in der Forschung zugestimmt wird, bleibt diese oft auf das Konzept der Pfadabhängigkeit beschränkt. Das aber eröffnet keinen Raum für die Betrachtung endogener Pfad-Bildung. Dem Konzept der Pfad-Bildung entsprechend sollte jedoch die Pfadanalyse ergänzt werden um bewusste Handlungen des Menschen oder auch um Innovationen im Schumpeterschen Sinn. Wichtiger ist außerdem, dass Geschichte als ein Kontext verstanden werden sollte, in dem mehrere Pfade ko-existieren und im Zeitverlauf auch interagieren. So wäre ein Konzept der Pfad-Interdependenz (oder der Ko-Evolution von Pfaden) nützlich zum besseren Verständnis der Komplexität „wirklicher“ Geschichte. Weil das Industriecluster sich aus untereinander verflochtenen Unternehmen zusammen setzt und zugleich Gegenstand von Änderungen in den Institutionen und der Technologie ist, konzentriert sich die Dissertation auf vielseitige kausale Beziehungen von Unternehmen, Institutionen und Technologie. Ein wettbewerbsfähiges Cluster kann aus geographischer Sicht als ein „hot spot“ der Ko-evolution betrachtet werden, in dem verschiedenartige Populationen aktiv untereinander agieren und daher miteinander verflochten sind. Ko-Evolution selbst ist dann ein dynamischer und evolutorischer Prozess. Die Arbeit wählt diese Perspektive, um das Maß und die Wirkungen der Ko-Evolution im Pharma-Cluster von Tonghua im Zeitverlauf zu analysieren. Die Dissertation fußt auf empirischen Erhebungen, ergänzt um eine Dokumenten-Analyse, zur Geschichte der Unternehmen, der Herkunft der Unternehmerschaft sowie der Evolution von Wissen. Sie diskutiert die Evolution in den Organisationsformen der Pharma-Unternehmen in Tonghua, die Bildung einer lokalen Unternehmerschaft, die historische Akkumulation von Wissen und den besonderen Wissenstransfer zwischen Generationen von Unternehmen. Schließlich untersucht sie die Ko-Adaption und Ko-Evolution von lokalen formalen und informellen Institutionen und Organisationen der TCM-Industrie in Tonghua. Die folgenden Punkte betreffen die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Dissertation: Erstens haben sehr langfristige und dichte lokale soziale Netzwerke eine erhebliche Rolle im Lauf der Emergenz der Pharma-Industrie in Tonghua gespielt. Zweitens ist der wichtigste Faktor in der Pharma-Industrie nicht im technologischen Fortschritt durch Anstrengungen bei Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) zu sehen, sondern im institutionellen Wandel sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf lokaler Ebene. Drittens kann der Erfolg der Pharma-Industrie in Tonghua der Bildung multipler Pfade zugeschrieben werden, die auf bestimmten Anfangsbedingungen gründen. Das bedeutet, dass die neue ökonomische Entwicklungspolitik sowohl das historische Erbe als auch bestehende Aktivposten in vollem Umfang nutzen sollte. Schließlich ist festzustellen, dass Ko-Adaption und Ko-Selektion der Unternehmens-Organisation, von Institutionen und Technologie zusammen die Pharma-Industrie von Tonghua in hohem Maße wettbewerbsfähig gemacht haben. Ob eine Region neue Gelegenheiten ergreifen kann, hängt folglich teilweise von ihrer Fähigkeit ab, eine Vielfalt von Entwicklungs-Agenten zu koordinieren
Preparation and gas separation properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-based C/CMS composite membranes
No full textC/CMS composite membranes from poly(furfuryl alcohol) for gas separation were successfully prepared, in which porous coal-based carbon tubes with an average pore diameter of 0.11 mu m and a porosity of 40.3% were used as support. The tubular support was coated using viscous poly(furfuryl alcohol) liquid to form an organic layer that was transformed into a thin top layer of carbon membrane after pyrolysis. The gas separation performance of the as-prepared carbon membranes was evaluated at 25, 60 and 80 degrees C by molecular probe method. The morphology and structure changes of C/CMS composite membranes during pyrolysis were examined using SEM, HRTEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The results show that C/CMS composite membranes with uniform and defect-free thin top layer can be made by one-step coating with viscous poly(furfuryl alcohol) liquid and following pyrolysis. The as-prepared C/CMS composite membranes have excellent gas separation properties for gas pairs such as H-2/N-2, CO2/N-2, O-2/N-2, and CO2/CH, and the highest permselectivity at 25 degrees C can reach up to 465.0, 58.8, 13.2 and 160.5, respectively. It has been found that the permeabilities of the composite membranes decrease while the permselectivities increase as the pyrolysis temperature increases from 300 to 700 degrees C. During pyrolysis, the polymeric structure of poly(furfuryl alcohol) has been transformed into an amorphous turbostratic carbon structure with ultramicropores. For the as-prepared C/CMS composite membranes, the gas separation performance in this work exhibits great competition respect to other carbon membranes reported. These clearly indicate that the C/CMS composite membranes prepared from furfuryl alcohol polymers is a promising membrane for gas separation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
sj-docx-1-cll-10.1177_09636897221102902 – Supplemental material for Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Analysis for HLA Loss Patients Following Partially Mismatched Related Donor Transplantation Using HLA Chimerism for Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis by Next-Generation Sequencing
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cll-10.1177_09636897221102902 for Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Analysis for HLA Loss Patients Following Partially Mismatched Related Donor Transplantation Using HLA Chimerism for Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis by Next-Generation Sequencing by Andi Wang, Wenjun Li, Fei Zhao, Zhongzheng Zheng, Ting Yang, Sanbin Wang, Jinsong Yan, Jianpin Lan, Shengjin Fan, Mingfeng Zhao, Jianpin Shen, Xin Li, Tonghua Yang, Quanyi Lu, Ying Lu, Hai Bai, Haiyan Zhang, Dali Cai, Ling Wang, Zhiyang Yuan, Erlie Jiang, Fang Zhou and Xianmin Song in Cell Transplantation</p
A novel carbon/ZSM-5 nanocomposite membrane with high performance for oxygen/nitrogen separation
No full textA novel carbon/ZSM-5 nanocomposite membrane is successfully prepared by incorparating nano-sized ZSM-5 into polymeric precursor(polyimide), which shows excellent permselectivities for separation of oxygen/nitrogen gas pairs
gaya bahasa retoris dalam lirik lagu guang liang pada album tonghua kajian stilistika
No full textabstrak
penggunaan gaya bahasa retoris dalam lirik lagu guang liang pada album tonghua kajian stilistika
nama mahasiswa adela febrilia
nim 12020774017
jurusan bahasa dan sastra mandarin
fakultas bahasa dan seni
nama lembaga universitas negeri surabaya
pembimbing dr subandi m litt
andi cahyono mtcsol
tahun 2016
kata kunci lirik lagu gaya bahasa hiperbol
guang liang album tonghua bentuk penggunaan hiperbol fungsi penggunaan hiperbol
pada karya lirik lagu pengarang cenderung menggunakan gaya bahasa untuk memberikan kesan keindahan demikian pula dilakukan oleh pengarang lirik lagu bahasa mandarin yang berasal dari negara malaysia yaitu guang liang pada lirik-lirik lagunya dalam album berjudul tonghua yang didominasi dengan tema percintaan guang liang lebih memilih menggunakan gaya bahasa hiperbol untuk meyakinkan seseorang tentang perasaan tokoh aku pada lirik lagunya adapun rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu
1 bagaimana bentuk penggunaan gaya bahasa hiperbol yang digunakan dalam lirik lagu guang liang pada albumtonghua
2 bagaimana fungsi penggunaan gaya bahasa hiperbol yang digunakan dalam lirik lagu guang liang pada albumtonghua
peneliti telah membandingkan penelitian ini dengan dua penelitian sebelumnya dengan topik yang sejenis milik fortuna 2013 dan pratiwi 2015. pada penelitian ini digunakan teori gaya bahasa hiperbol milik keraf (2010:135) dan fungsi gaya bahasa milik al-ma’ruf (2009:15).adapun sumber data yang digunakan, yaitu lirik-lirik lagu 光良guāng liáng pada album 童话tónghuà. jenis metode pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. berdasarkan pada sumber data yang digunakan, maka yang diperoleh berupa penggalan lirik-lirik lagu yang menggunakan gaya bahasa hiperbol. cara memperoleh data yaitu mendengarkan sumber data, mentranskripsikan sumber data, menerjemahkan sumber data, memberi kode pada data, mengklasifikasikan data, dan validasi data terjemahan.
secara keseluruhan, data yang ditemukan berdasarkan rumusan masalah masing-masing berjumlah 30 data. sumber data dengan kode jd, tt, dan sj adalah sumber data yang paling banyak menghasilkan data, sedangkan fungsi yang paling banyak ditunjukan adalah fungsi menciptakan keadaan perasaan hati.
abstract
rhetoric figure of speech of song lyric in 光良guāng liáng童话tónghuà album (stilistika study)
name : adela febrilia
nim : 12020774017
program study : chinese language and literature majors
university : state university of surabaya
supervisor : dr. subandi, m.litt
andi cahyono, m.tcsol.
period : 2016
keywords : song lyric, stylitic hyperbole, 光良
guāng liáng, 童话tónghuà album, pattern of using hyperbol, hyperbol function
in song lyric,the author usually use figure of speech to show the aesthetic. just like the author of mandarin song lyric who come from malaysia does, 光良guāng liáng to his song lyrics especially on 童话tónghuà album, which dominated by love theme. 光良guāng liáng prefer use hyperbola to convince people about a figure called “me” on his song lyric. there are two assigned problem :1)how the pattern of using hyperbol in光良guāng liáng’s song lyric on 童话tónghuà album ?2)how the function of hyperbole in光良guāng liáng’s song lyric on 童话tónghuà album ?researcher have compared this research with the another two which contain of similar topics fortuna (2013) and pratiwi (2015). its used keraf (2010:135) hyperbol theory and al-ma’ruf (2009:15) function of hyperbol theory.the data source research was 光良guāng liáng’s song lyric on 童话tónghuà album. type of method in this reasearch is qualitative method. there can be obtained a fragment of song lyrics by using hyperbol. data obtained by listen the data source, transcribe the data source, translate the data source, encode the data source, classify data, and validate the translated data. this research has 30 datas for each problems. jd, tt and sj are data which has a lot results, however the function which has a lot of datas is the function of creating heart feeling condition
都市原住民親師互動之研究--以臺北縣桐花國小為例
No full text[[abstract]]Abstract
This study aims at investigating the parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas on a sample selected from Tonghua Elementary School and at proposing recommendations for promoting such interaction according to the findings. The objectives of research are:
1.To understand the interpretation, view and present development of parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas selected from Tonghua Elementary School.
2.To investigate factors affecting the parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas selected from Tonghua Elementary School.
3.To investigate the problems and solutions of the parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas selected from Tonghua Elementary School.
4.To investigate the impacts of the parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas on the school, teachers and parents.
5.To propose recommendations as a reference for promoting parent-and-teacher interaction of indigenous people living in urban areas.
The qualitative approach was applied to the study. Data were collected with depth interview and interpreted in the perspective of symbol interactionism. Conclusions of research are as follows.
1.The theory of education institution for discrimination can be supported in this study. Indigenous parents are relatively disadvantaged in terms of cultural capital, and the school education system reinforces this.
2.From the perspective of symbol interactionism, a big difference in role perception was found in parents and teachers due to differences in role conceptualization. Teachers need to express care and encouragement to parents. Both parties should accept and concern each other and communicate their concepts in order to develop a better understanding.
3.The idea of multicultural education should be promoted. Teachers should accept the cultural background of indigenous people, understand the cultural characteristics of indigenous parents, respect and appreciate the value of individuals in order to enhance the learning efficiency of indigenous children.
Recommendations were proposed in the end of the paper as a reference for schools, teachers, indigenous people and future studies.
Rock glacier inventory of the West Kunlun Mountains of China
No full textThe dataset is a rock glacier inventory of the West Kunlun Mountains of China. It contains the boundaries of the landforms, their geometric information, and kinematic data. The inventory has been compiled followed the IPA guidelines on mapping rock glaciers. Remote sensing data adopted to produce this dataset includes optical images (Google Earth and Sentinel-2 images) and Interferometric SAR (InSAR) images (ALOS-1 PALSAR). Both manual inspection and deep learning-powered automatic detection have been used to identify and delineate the landforms. The geometric information of the inventoried landforms has been derived from SRTM DEM and Tandem-X DEM. The kinematic data has been quantified from ALOS-1 PALSAR data during 2006–2010. Specific temporal coverage for each displacement rate is included in the attribute table of the ESRI Shapefile. It is the first rock glacier inventory of the arid West Kunlun region, aiming to provide the baseline knowledge of these ice-rich landforms for long-term monitoring in the warming climate
Epidemic curves and non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented in five worst-hit cities in China, Jan-Feb 2021.
No full text(A)-(E) The daily number of COVID-19 infections and the timings of specific non-pharmaceutical interventions in Shijiazhuang, Suihua, Tonghua, Haerbin and Changchun cities.</p
Zeolite married to carbon: A new family of membrane materials with excellent gas separation performance
No full textNovel carbon/zeolite nanocomposite membranes with tailorable gas transport properties were fabricated by pyrolysis of polyamic acid/zeolite nanocomposites. The microstructure and gas permeability of these chemically robust materials were altered by varying zeolite loading and final pyrolysis temperature. Characterization of the as-synthesized composite membranes by SEM, XRD, and TEM revealed that the zeolite particles adhered well to the carbon matrix and that the microstructure of the zeolite was not destroyed during pyrolysis. Gas permeation tests using small molecules (H-2, CO2, O-2, N-2) indicated that the composite membranes exhibited outstanding permeability together with high selectivity and followed the molecular sieve mechanism. It is believed that the zeolite embedded in the carbon matrix decreased the gas diffusion resistance and improved the gas permeation rate. The excellent gas transport properties for all test gases make the carbon/zeolite composite an attractive membrane material in gas separation areas
Effects of sulfone/ketone in poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) on the gas permeation of their derived carbon membranes
No full textA series of copolymer, poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s (PPESKs) with the sulfone over ketone unit (S/K) ratio varying from 20/80, 50/50 to 80/20, were used as precursors to prepare carbon membranes. The effects of chemical structure as S/K ratio of PPESKs on the microstructure and gas separation performance of their derived carbon membranes were mainly investigated. The properties of PPESKs were detected in terms of density, fractional free volume, char yield, interlayer distance and glass transition temperature. During the formation process of carbon membranes (i.e., stabilization and pyrolysis), the changes in functional groups, microstructural parameters and gas permeation were monitored by FTIR, X-ray diffraction, TEM and single gas permeation techniques. The results have shown that the microstructure and gas permeation of obtained carbon membranes are significantly affected by the S/K ratio in precursor PPESKs. Carbon membranes exhibit higher selectivity and lower permeability when prepared at low pyrolytic temperature (i.e., 650 degrees C and 800 degrees C) and from PPESKs with S/K ratio equaling 50/50, followed with 20/80 and 80/20. As for carbon membranes prepared at high pyrolytic temperature (i.e., 950 degrees C), the selectivity order of them is well in accordance with S/K mole ratio in precursor PPESKs: 20/80>50/50>80/20, and vice versa for permeability. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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