1,720,992 research outputs found
Effects of Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom protein, F3-5, on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines release of macrophages
No full text巨噬細胞在內生性免疫反應以及發炎反應上扮演相當重要的角色。透過其細胞表面上的受體，能夠辨認外來的因子，引發免疫反應，同時巨噬細胞的附著功能在免疫系統上也是很重要的關鍵，使其能夠快速的聚集、移動和穿透，而發揮他們的功能。在馬來亞蝮蛇(Calloselasma rhodostoma)蛇毒蛋白中已純化出許多功能的蛋白，其中包括了抑制細胞附著的分子，並且也有抑制發炎反應之研究報告。本實驗中將CRV原毒進行純化，以DEAE-Sephadex A-50管柱分離出的第一分劃，再經CM-Sephadex C-50管柱收取第三分劃部分，最後以FPLC Superdex G75膠質過濾管柱純化而得到最終具有抑制巨噬細胞發炎性細胞激素釋放的CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白，其分子量為22,186 Da，它不具有蛋白質分解酶之活性，亦不具有PLA2之酵素活性；而在抑制巨噬細胞受到LPS活化後釋放發炎性細胞激素之測試中，F3-5蛇毒蛋白10 μg/ml (約0.45μM)能夠抑制LPS 200 ng/ml在原生性小鼠巨噬細胞引發之IL-6釋放，同時也能夠有效的抑制低濃度LPS (100 ng/ml)在原生性巨噬細胞以及細胞株RAW巨噬細胞引發之TNF-α釋放反應。在貼附性試驗當中，CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白(10μg/ml)具有降低巨噬細胞受到LPS刺激活化之後所提高的附著性作用。對於LPS刺激活化巨噬細胞之後所產生的下游訊息傳遞鏈之中，我們檢視了MAPK路徑中的三種重要激酶：p-38、ERK以及JNK的被活化(磷酸化)現象，結果發現到此三種激酶的活化在給予F3-5蛇毒蛋白之後都有被抑制的現象發生。最後再經由流式細胞儀分析原生性巨噬細胞表面上TLR4的表現，發現F3-5蛇毒蛋白(10μg/ml)存在時，可抑制TLR4 mAb對原生性小鼠巨噬細胞上TLR4的結合反應。綜上所述，由馬來亞蝮蛇蛇毒中所純化出的CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白，具有對抗LPS所引起的巨噬細胞釋放發炎性細胞激素作用，而此抑制性作用，至少有部分，是透過對巨噬細胞表面上TLR4受體的影響，進而減少下游包括p-38、ERK以及JNK的磷酸化而來，詳細的作用機轉則有待更多的實驗證明。Macrophages play a pivotal role in inflammation and innate immune responses. Foreign substances recognized by macrophages trigger a serial of signaling cascades upon ligand–receptor stimulation through receptors expressed on cell surface resulting in release of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the activation of other immune cells. In the meanwhile, macrophages adhesion is a key event within the immune system. Relying on the receptors or integrins function, macrophages perform recruitment, migration and infiltration to the infected site from the bloodstream. Among the Malaysia viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) venom, many types of functional snake venom proteins have been discovered, including the anti-adhesive molecules reported in anti-inflammatory literatures. The fraction 3-5 (F3-5) protein isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma crude venom (CRV), has a molecular weight 22,186 Da, devoid of fibrinogenolytic, azocaseinolytic and PLA2 activities. F3-5 10μg/ml (0.45μM) inhibited the LPS (200ng/ml)-induced IL-6 release of primary mice macrophages, and also the release of TNF-α of primary macrophages and RAW macrophages stimulated by lower concentration (100ng/ml) LPS. In the cell adhesion assay, F3-5 (10μg/ml ) significantly reduced the augmented adhesive activity of macrophages caused by LPS stimulation. We also observed that F3-5 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p-38, ERK and JNK of macrophages stimulated by LPS, assayed by Western blot. Furthermore, F3-5 (10μg/ml) as well as LPS (1μg/ml), significantly inhibited the binding of TLR4 mAb to macrophages as evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Taken together, the purified active component CRV F3-5 exhibits inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α release of primary macrophages and RAW cells at least partly through TLR4 blockade and the inhibition on the subsequent phosphorylation of p-38, ERK and JNK. However, the detailed mechanism of its action needs further investigations.中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………….ibstract …………………………………………………………………………….iii寫表 …………………………………………………………………………….v一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………………1.1 發炎反應 ..………………………………………………………………....1.1.1 巨噬細胞 ……………………………………………………………1.1.2 NF-κB的活化 ………………………………………………………3.1.3 巨噬細胞與其受體功能 …………………………………………..4.1.4 Toll-Like Receptor家族 ………………………………………5.1.5 敗血症 ……………………………………………………………6.2 馬來亞蝮蛇 Calloselasma rhodostoma …………………………………...7.2.1 PLA2(phospholipase A2) …………………………………….8.2.2 integrins與disintegrins ……………………………………...9.3 白血球(leukocytes)與disintegrin ………………………………………...11.4 蛇毒蛋白與發炎反應 ………………………………………………….12二章 實驗材料 ………………………………………………………………..21.1 馬來亞蝮蛇原毒 …...…………………………………………………… 21.2 液態管柱層析 ……………………………………………………………21.3 細胞培養用品 ………………………………………………………..21.4 電泳及西方點墨轉漬法(Western blots) ……………………………..22.5 單株抗體 ……………………………………………………………..22.6 TNF-α及IL-6含量之測定 ………..……………………………………23.7 細胞附著試驗(cell adhesion assay) …………………………….23三章 實驗方法 …………………………………………………………………24.1 馬來亞蝮蛇原毒(CRV)純化過程 ……………………………………24.2 蛇毒蛋白分子量之測定 ………………………………………………24.3 原生性小鼠巨噬細胞(primary macrophage)製備方式 ………………24.4 蛇毒蛋白抑制巨噬細胞釋放發炎性細胞激素之測定 ………………25.5 MTT試驗 …………………………………………………………26.6 azo-caseinolytic assay ……………………………………………26.7 Fibrinogenolytic assay …………………………………………26.8 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白之PLA2活性測試(溶血性試驗) ………27.9 流式細胞儀分析原生性巨噬細胞純度 …………………………….27.10 細胞附著性試驗(cell adhesion assay) …………………………………..28.11 西方點墨轉漬免疫分析(Western blot analysis) ………………………28.12 流式細胞儀測定CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白與巨噬細胞表面受體LR4結合能力 …………………………………………………………29 .13 統計方法 ...……………………………………………………………30四章 實驗結果 ………………………………………………………………31.1 馬來亞蝮蛇蛇毒中抑制發炎反應蛋白之純化 …………………………31.2 CRV中F3-5蛋白對引起巨噬細胞凋亡之影響 ………………………32.3 CRV中F3-5蛋白對巨噬細胞釋放發炎性細胞激素之影響 …………33.4 CRV F3-5蛋白對巨噬細胞附著性之影響 ……………………………34.5 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白對於LPS引發巨噬細胞內p-38活化之影響 ……35.6 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白對於LPS引發巨噬細胞內ERK活化之影響 ……36.7 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白對於LPS引發巨噬細胞內JNK活化之影響 ……36.8 流式細胞儀分析CRV F3-5對於巨噬細胞表面TLR4受體結合能力…37五章 討論 ………………………………………………………………………55.1 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白抑制LPS所引起巨噬細胞釋放發炎性細胞激素 …58.2 巨噬細胞的附著性改變 …………………………………………………59.3 CRV F3-5蛋白對LPS引發巨噬細胞內訊息傳遞路徑之影響 ………61.4 CRV F3-5蛇毒蛋白對巨噬細胞表面TLR4之影響 ……………………62六章 結論與展望 ………………………………………………………………65考文獻 …………………………………………………………………….…….6
Video-based Clothing Retrieval
No full text在現今社會中, 隨著消費型態的改變, 服裝檢索的需求在許多知名服
裝購物網站正快速提升當中。有別於一般的關鍵字搜尋, 以圖搜尋不僅
能提供更直覺, 更有趣的服裝推薦系統, 甚至有助於身份或職業辨識的
應用。在近期的服裝檢索研究主題, 以圖搜尋也成為主要的研究主題之
一。在本篇論文中, 我們提出另一種新型態的服裝推薦介面- 基於影像
資訊的服裝檢索系統。使用者可以選擇在影片片段中依據喜歡的主角
服裝按下暫停鍵, 系統會自動找出在線上網站的相似款式服裝。
然而, 這個服裝檢索系統仍面臨許多研究問題, 例如人體姿勢偵測, 服裝
檢索系統的即時性等等, 其中我們特別在本篇研究中探討的分別為針對
不準確的人體姿勢偵測作修正以及如何在大量擁有複雜的背景的線上
資料中找出相似的衣服。首先, 我們提出一個結合少量過去影片片段的
人體姿勢偵測機制來修正不準確的姿勢偵測結果; 在有正確姿勢的前提
下, 我們利用圖像切割演算法設計一個全自動的前景切割機制以解決大
量資料中背景多樣性的問題。
我們藉由蒐集數段影片和各種不同的線上購物網站資料來評估我們的
各個機制, 並在最後的實驗結果中, 成功的藉由基於影片資訊改善人體
姿勢的偵測以及利用全自動的前景切割解決複雜背景的問題。Nowadays, clothing retrieval becomes a thriving demand for online clothing shopping websites. Beyond keyword-based clothing search, image-based clothing retrieval has generated interest in recent research papers. It promotes
more interesting clothing recommendation system and gives the possibility of improving identity or occupation recognition. In this paper, we present a brand-new video-based clothing retrieval system. We believe the system
gives another intuitive clothing recommendation interface in a smart home with such an application scenario: one can select an impressive shot where the character is wearing a fascinating clothing by a TV remote control, and learn the clothing style from the character. However, there still are major challenges in this topic, such as human pose estimation and complex background between online shopping datasets, which often cause inaccurate retrieval results. Our research focuses on two issues here. First, we propose a
human pose estimation mechanism with a video clip of frames for the refinement of inaccurate human pose. Second, we explore an automatic foreground segmentation method with "Grabcut" algorithm to tackle the complex background problem. In our experiments, we collect a few video clips and different kinds of online shopping datasets. The experimental results successfully demonstrate that our mechanism will improve the inaccurate pose estimation
and can tackle the complex background problem.Contents
誌謝i
中文摘要ii
Abstract iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables viii
1 Introduction 1
2 Related Work 3
2.1 Clothing retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 2D human pose estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Framework 6
4 Temporal consistent pose estimation 8
4.1 Temporal consistent pose estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Clothing retrival 11
5.1 Automatic foreground segmentation via Grabcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Foreground spatial statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
iv
5.3.1 Color Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.3.2 Color Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.3 Skin Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.4 Local Binary Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3.5 Histogram of Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6 Experiment 16
6.1 Datasets Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1.1 Video Clips Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1.2 Clothing Image Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.1.3 Clothing Attribute Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2 Experimental result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2.1 Improved Pose Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2.2 Evaluation Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.2.3 Performance of Automatic foreground segmentation and Foreground
statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2.4 Performance of Different Features On Different Attribute . . . . . 19
6.2.5 Video-based v.s Image-based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7 Conclusion 28
Bibliography 3
The Editing of Western Zhou Appointment Inscriptions and the Nobles’ Memory
No full text 冊命銘文是西周貴族在接受周王任命後，選擇特定資訊以特定格式編寫而成的銘文，因此冊命銘文包含器主有意識的個人選擇以及產生於社會的格式規範。這些選擇與規範反映西周貴族的共同記憶、西周社會的結構與價值觀。本文以王明珂提出之「文本分析」為方法，從歷來學者較少採取的社會記憶角度分析冊命銘文。 本文認為銅器銘文在西周時期貴族記憶的傳遞中扮演觸媒與保存的角色，用以提示觀者所載之事件並強調其重要性。冊命銘文的格式包含時間地點、冊命儀式、命書內容、受命儀式、作器銘辭等部份，有助於讀者理解與記憶。參與者與賞賜物是是冊命銘文中主要的資訊。周王是參與者中必然之存在，右者可能是受命者的長官或是朝廷中的重臣，因其見證人的性質與在貴族人際網絡的地位而較少被減省；史官為周王之代言人，在紀錄上常較為簡略。冊命賞賜多以外顯的器物為主。賞賜物是身份地位與周王恩賞的代表，亦在周王與臣下之間形成以物質換取忠誠與人情的「債務關係」，又為器主在家族內取得子孫支持的威望物，因此紀錄在銘文展示與備忘。冊命銘文是器主家族記憶的一部份，子孫藉此認識政府官員與人際網絡，瞭解父祖的成就以完成「繼承」任務、延續家族地位。因貴族群體享有相同的經驗與人際網絡，冊命與冊命銘文也是貴族群體的共同記憶。冊命銘文所反映出之西周社會的宗族與人際關係以及重視政治成就的價值觀，透過家族內部的垂直傳遞與家族間的水平連結，在貴族群體內代代相傳。Western Zhou Nobles composed appointment inscriptions according to a specific pattern after being assigned with new titles or jobs. Therefore, appointment inscriptions contain both the owners’ opinions and concepts hidden behind the inscription pattern. The concepts reflect social memories, social structures and values of Western Zhou nobles. This thesis applied the method of “text analysis” brought up by Ming-ke Wang to study the appointment inscriptions from the perspective of social memory. Bronze inscriptions acted like reminders of social memories: they reminded descendants stories inscribed on the vessels and emphasized their importance. Time, place, the appointment ritual, the appointment document, the saluting ritual and the dedication constitute the pattern of appointment inscriptions, helping descendants to memorize. The main information in appointment inscriptions are attendants and the bestowed gifts. The king is the absolute attendants. Youzue(右者) was the senior official who acted like the witness and the approval from the noble networks. Shi(史) were the king’s spokesman so he could sometimes be deleted. Gifts represent the appointee’s status, the king’s favor, the owing relationship between the king and the appointee and the precise goods inside the family. The appointment inscriptions played a part in the family memory. The descendants learned noble networks and ascendants’ achievement to success and maintain the family’s status. Also, since nobles shared same appointing experience and social networks, they shared same kind of social memory. Carried by appointment inscriptions, the family structure, the social networks and the emphasis of political achievement spread through families and generations, strengthening the social structure of Western Zhou
Re-examining the Spiritual World of Han-Yu: Discussion on The Criticisms of Han-Yu from the Period of late Qing to early Republic China
No full text本文旨在認識清末民初之際「抑韓」現象，並且由「抑韓」諸面向來探索韓愈內在的心路。研究過程著重資料的蒐集、統整與分析，期能掌握清末民初時期的韓愈形象；亦重回歸文本的解讀，期能釐清前者與文本中的韓愈形象的異同。韓愈評價在清末民初的低落，反映的是社會人心對「道」的認知產生了變化。當民主成為新的政治理想，西學成為新的學術追求，「韓愈」遂成清末民初人們用來析辨古今之異同、取捨中西之本末的論述符碼。本文首先大幅探索清末民初政治社會文學教化人心之情勢，接著以議題為核心的方式呈現韓愈批評的重要細節，最後站在回應批評的角度重探韓愈的個性情感之心路歷程。韓愈的爭議性即是人的複雜性，故他招致批評之處，也往往是他多情真率的地方。故歷來無論尊韓或抑韓，終不可動搖其歷史地位。The aim of this dissertation is to comprehend and analyze the phenomenon of the “degradation of Han-Yu” and through this degradation, explore the inner world of Han-Yu. This study will be focusing on the collection, integration and analysis of the documents in order to create and grasp a clear image of Han-Yu during the late Qin and early Republic periods. Furthermore, this essay will be reviewing the original text and doing a comparison with the image of Han-Yu at the time. The low popularity / bad reputation of Han-Yu during the late Qin and early Republic periods revealed that the meaning of “Dao” changed in people’s minds. When Democracy became the new ideal polity and people embarked on the pursuit of the “western knowledge,” Han-Yu served as the paradigm in order to differentiate the ideas and teachings of the ancient times with the modern new ones and was used in order to compare the Chinese and Western ideologies. This dissertation will be firstly exploring the way in which politics, society and literature affected people and continue with issuing the details of Han-Yu’s criticism. The study will conclude with the revealing of his sentiments/feelings/spirit and the characteristics of his life by replying to this criticism. The controversy of Han-Yu is in truth the complexity of humanity, so the reasons for which he had been degraded tend to reveal his forthright, sincere and passionate personality. This is the reason why, although there are various reviews which either admired or degraded him, he still holds a principal position throughout history
Language Context-based Enhancement for Chinese Optical Character Recognition
No full text隨著時代演進，人們對於電子產品的使用已逐漸普及。傳達文字訊息的方式，由過去的書寫文字，進而進展成現在的數位文字。促使文本數位化的需求提升。為了使影像轉換為數位文字，市面上已有開發光學文字辨識系統，能將影像做自動轉換數位文字，但是這些系統主要是針對現代印刷字體。至於非印刷體文字，如手寫字、雕版印刷等，其辨識率並不佳。因此，本研究，為了改善現有光學文字辨識軟體正確率，增加使用者數位化文本的便利性以減少使用之人力成本。 本研究流程主要分為二步驟，第一步驟：將文本作結構的分析，切割出字符影像，避免切割不完全使得辨識時造成辨識錯誤。第二步驟分為兩個部分，第一部分是將切割出的字符，以方向梯度直方圖(HOG)來表示字符特徵。將字符依特徵向量作粗略分群，再以文本之語言模型，觀察其分群情況，增加其分群效果。最後根據分群的結果，作錯誤辨識的偵測，以及改正其錯誤文字；第二部分是將文本利用現有之文字辨識軟體，將影像轉為數位文字，透過外部文本的語言模型來偵測與改正錯誤文字。最後比較這兩部分之錯誤字偵測及修正情形。本研究方法與使用Plustek DI express 6.0辨識的結果作比較，在使用內部文本的部分，增加5%的辨識正確率，從65%增加至70%。而使用外部文本的部分，則是增加了9.8%的辨識正確率
Activity Recognition with Anomaly Detection Using Non-Parametric Topic Modeling
No full text在這個簡單異質環境感測器的時代，行為辨識在各領域扮演重要的角色，例如辨識行為與偵測異常。但是，大多數的研究只針對其中一種，所以我們認為一個廣義的方法應該從挖掘數據的高層描述開始，這樣我們的方法就可以適用於各種模型，而有不同的用途。本論文中，我們提出非參數主題模型的架構進而從五個月的簡單異質環境感測器資料中萃取高層次的資料樣式，我們的方法可以被用在房間中並考量各種環境感測器資料。我們有兩種結果，在質性結果中，我們將資料樣式視覺化，讓人可以搭配一些照片驗證就能夠看出異常的活動，所以我們成功地在這些資料中找出曾經上過新聞的異常人士;在我們的量化分析中，結果顯示我們的方法可以有效的壓縮資料，讓空間節省超過 99% ，平均而言還可以達到最好的辨識率超過87%準確率，在偵測異常中，我們的方法可以有效地呈現高層次資料，讓支持向量機可以偵測出異常。總結來說，我們的方法可以有效呈現高層次資料樣式，且被用來解決真實世界的異常活動問題。In the era of simple-heterogeneous-environmental(SHE) sensors, activity recognition plays an important role in many applications, such as recognizing normal activity and detecting abnormal activity. However, most research was conducted for either one but lost generality to both. We, therefore, start by developing higher-level representations for any qualified model to perform prediction as apposed to designing a specific model to fit certain data. In this thesis, we proposed a framework by non-parametric topic modeling to extract pattern as a higher-level representation from 5-month SHE sensor data. Our method can be used in a room with multiple sensors deployed and allow sensor fusion. In experiment, we have qualitative results and quantitative results. In our qualitative results, we generated visualized patterns for humans to detect abnormal activity. As a result, we successfully detect an intruder who was once reported on the news. In the quantitative evaluation, we demonstrate that the proposed framework can significantly compress sensor data over 99% and achieve best performance over 87% of accuracy on average in activity recognition. In anomaly detection, the proposed framework can effectively extract descriptive patterns for one-class SVM to detect abnormal activity. To summarize, we have shown the effective results of the proposed framework and use it to solve a real world problem, anomaly detection in a room
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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